Discover advanced civilized architecture: Dyson sphere.

In this paper, let's talk about dyson sphere and dyson sphere. dyson sphere is an imaginary device put forward by physicist Freeman Dyson in 1960s.

In 1960, Dyson suggested that due to the rapid development of science and technology, advanced civilizations should have more urgent demand for energy, and the energy on their own planet could not meet their needs, so they might extract energy from other places in their own star system.

They may destroy two or three planets to make a device that can wrap stars to absorb their energy. This is dyson sphere.

Later, Kardashev put forward the famous civilization classification based on energy utilization rate.

First-class civilization: you can use and master all the energy of your own planet; Secondary civilization: you can use and master all the energy of your own star system; Third-class civilization: you can use and master all the energy of your own galaxy.

According to this classification, our human civilization level is not up to the first-class civilization, because we have not been able to use all the energy of the earth. Maybe we can break through the first-class civilization in one hundred years. After all, our human civilization has only advanced by leaps and bounds in these two or three hundred years.

From the old society without science and technology to the new era of scientific and technological prosperity, we are using the earth's energy more and more efficiently. I believe that it will reach the first-class civilization in one hundred years.

According to our current technology, we can't reach the first-class civilization, so how does the second-class civilization exist? Is there really such a high level of civilized life in the universe?

Shortly after Kardashev put forward this classification of civilization, Dyson's imaginary device-Dyson sphere became the symbol of secondary civilization.

So we think we can build a civilization that can shine on the stars forever, and it must at least reach the second-class civilization. Does this dyson sphere exist or not? Did we find out?

In 20 15, a star suspected of dyson sphere was discovered by kepler mission, who was looking for an extraterrestrial planet, but the suspected star was not really identified as dyson sphere.

Kepler telescope was launched in 2009, and its mission is to find exoplanets, and the main method to find exoplanets is transit observation.

It is when a star is surrounded by a planet and the planet runs in front of the star to block the star, we observe that its spectral curve will change, and this change is periodic and regular.

However, among the 6.5438+0.5 million stars observed by Kepler, one has attracted the attention of scientists. It is more than 400 light years away from the earth/kloc-0, numbered KIC8462852, and officially named Boya jianxing. We usually call it Tabby.

Such a star should be an unremarkable star among 6.5438+0.5 million stars, but it was not until scientists discovered its abnormal light curve that the brightness of Tabi star seemed to drop randomly and irregularly, some lasting only a few hours, while others could last for several weeks.

Some brightness decreases almost imperceptibly, while others decrease as much as 20%. You know, Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, can reduce the solar spectrum by about 1%.

Therefore, at present, no known planet can produce such a huge change in extreme light curve. In addition, the tabby cat is still in the process of continuous darkening. In the past century, it may darken by more than 65,438+05%.

But even when a star is on the verge of death, its brightness changes rapidly, and the time scale is usually millions of years. In order to explain the strange brightness change of this star, astronomers considered all possible explanations.

From the occlusion of light by comets, interstellar media and other substances, to the change of the star itself, and then to the existence of black holes near the star, all hypotheses are far from the observed phenomena.

When all other hypotheses are excluded, the remaining conjectures, no matter how crazy and unbelievable, have to be considered. It is a star wrapped in a huge device, and this is a dyson sphere.

Subsequently, SETI, a scientific organization looking for extraterrestrial intelligence and civilization, monitored the direction of tabby cat and detected unusual radio signals, but found nothing.

In addition, if this is indeed an artificial building, then similarly, after receiving a lot of stellar radiation, there should be strong radiation in the infrared band.

However, the monitoring results of NASA's wide-area infrared space telescope and Spitzer space telescope in infrared band did not observe any obvious infrared radiation exceeding.

Of course, perhaps the secondary civilization may have some technical ability to control radiation or radiation direction, so we can't detect strong radiation in infrared band.

So at present, there is no clear evidence to prove that there are unnatural artificial building packages on the tabby cat, but it cannot be completely ruled out, because there is no reliable theory to explain the abnormal light curve of the tabby cat, and it may also be caused by natural celestial bodies that we can't understand.

In 20 17, Spanish astronomers put forward a new explanation. The theory holds that there may be a huge planet with a halo and an inclined planet in the Tabby galaxy, and there is an asteroid belt in the orbit of the planet, and the theory has been verified predictably.

In 202 1 year, the planet will pass in front of the star, and then a complex and abnormal light curve will appear. After 2023, the light curve will become simple.

As for whether this theory can successfully explain Tabitha's abnormal phenomenon, we have to wait for the future verification results. If we still don't get the result, Tabitha may become more mysterious, at least in our hearts, we may expect to improve dyson sphere's hypothesis.

Because this hypothesis can let us know that our earth is not the only place where life exists, and there are other lives in the universe.

Even if Dyson sphere is only a hypothesis now, we hope to find it. Perhaps this is our persistent exploration of alien life!