Information about Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

177-1827

Introduction

Ludwig? Where? Beethoven (177-1827) was one of the greatest musicians in Germany. Born in Bonn, Germany, a native of the Netherlands (also known as Poland), he showed his musical talent very early and began to perform at the age of eight. In 1792, he went to Vienna for further study and made rapid progress in art. Beethoven believed in harmony and advocated heroes, and created a large number of outstanding works full of the flavor of the times, such as the symphony Hero and Destiny. Overture "Egmont"; Piano sonatas "Pathetique", "Moonlight", "Storm", "Enthusiasm" and so on. I had a rough life and didn't build a family. At the age of twenty-six, I began to be deaf, and I was completely deaf in my later years. I could only talk to people through a talk book. However, his lonely life did not make him silent and retired. In the feudal restoration era, when all progressive thoughts were banned, he still adhered to the political belief of "freedom and equality", shouted for * * * and ideals through his speeches and works, and wrote the immortal Ninth Symphony. Influenced by the Enlightenment in the 18th century and the German hurricane movement, his works have a distinct personality and have made great progress compared with his predecessors. In music performance, he almost involved all the music genres at that time; Greatly improve the expressive force of the piano, so that it can obtain a symphonic dramatic effect; It also makes symphony an important music form that directly reflects social changes. Beethoven, as a masterpiece of classical music, opened up the road of music in the romantic period and played a decisive role in the development of world music. He was honored as "the sage of music".

Life

Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on December 16th, 177. My father is a tenor in the local court choir, moody and addicted to alcohol; My mother is a cook, kind-hearted and gentle. The hard life deprived Beethoven of the right to go to school. His musical talent since childhood made his father want him to be a musical prodigy and become his cash cow. He did not hesitate to beat and scold, forcing Beethoven to practice harpsichord and violin endlessly all day since he was four years old. At the age of seven, Beethoven made his debut and achieved great success. He was called the second Mozart. After that, he studied under the organist Nifu and began to learn composition. At the age of 11, he published his first work Variations on the Piano. At the age of 13, he joined the court band and worked as an organist and ancient pianist. In 1787, he went to Vienna to study composition with Mozart, Haydn and others. In 18, after his first victory, a bright future opened in front of Beethoven. But for three or four years, a terrible thing kept tormenting him, and Beethoven found himself deaf. For a musician, nothing is more terrible than hearing loss. So people can understand this heartbreaking pain in the adagio movement of his early piano sonatas.

Beethoven is always filled with a fiery heart, but his enthusiasm is very unfortunate. He always experiences hope and enthusiasm, disappointment and resistance alternately, which undoubtedly becomes his source of inspiration. In 181, Beethoven fell in love with Giulietta? Gui Cadil, he dedicated the Moonlight Sonata to her. However, coquettish, childish and selfish Qi Li Ai doesn't understand his noble soul. In 183, he married the Earl of Galenburg, which was a desperate moment. He wrote a suicide note.

In p>183, he came out of the gloom and wrote a clear and optimistic Second Symphony. After that, more and better music emerged in his works. Symphony No.3 (Hero), Symphony No.5 (Destiny) and Symphony No.6 (Pastoral), as well as beautiful and joyful violin concertos and colorful piano concertos and sonatas.

In p>1823, Beethoven completed his last masterpiece, Symphony No.9 (Chorus). This work created his ideal world. In December 1826, Beethoven suffered from a bad cold, which led to pulmonary edema. On March 26th, 1827, Beethoven finally breathed his last breath because of liver disease. Before he died, there was a sudden snowstorm and thunder rumbling, and it seemed that even heaven mourned the death of this great musician! Beethoven's funeral was very grand, with more than 2, people automatically following the coffin, and Schubert's grave was next to his grave. . Never married. On the 29th, there were 2, people in undertaker, and their bodies were buried in St. Max Cemetery.

The composer only stayed in the world for 57 years and completed more than 1 works in his life. His main works include 9 symphonies; Dozens of orchestral music (Egmont Overture is the most famous); 5 piano concertos and 1 violin concerto; 5 other concertos; 32 piano sonatas (passion, moonlight, sadness, dawn, storm, etc. are the most famous); 8 chamber music; Opera 1 "Frederick"; There is another drama; Mass 2 and so on.

Yi Hua

Childhood

Beethoven's grandfather and father were both court singers. Most of the time, his father was drunk, didn't be kind to his family, and never even asked if his family had enough food and clothing. At first, a kind grandfather can save this family from too much suffering; On the other hand, his oldest grandson's musical talent also made the old man feel great gratified. But when Beethoven was only four years old, his grandfather died. Beethoven's father used to drag the child to the keyboard and let him practice hard there for many hours, slapping him whenever he played wrongly. Neighbors often hear the child sobbing to sleep because of fatigue and pain. Soon, Faifr, a poor traveling musician, came to this town and was taken to Beethoven's home. He and old Beethoven used to drink in a pub outside until midnight, and then went home to drag little Ludwig out of bed and start a class, which sometimes didn't finish until dawn. In order to make him look like a child prodigy, his father lied about his age. When he was eight years old, he took him out for a concert as a six-year-old child. But there is no child prodigy in the world. Despite a lot of efforts, the old Beethoven has never been able to turn his son into another young Mozart. Compared with Mozart, Beethoven's childhood was too unfortunate. Mozart received a good education in his childhood, and his training time was pleasant and quiet, with a loving father and a beloved sister. Beethoven, on the other hand, won the respect of his hometown people for his performance, but his world-wide travel performance was far from being as amazing as Mozart's.

Mentor

The father took the boy from teacher to teacher and asked him to learn different musical instruments and the art of composing music. None of these teachers could be called good until he fell into the hands of the court pianist and the manager of the Bonn Theatre, Neefe. This is a respectable music teacher, a friendly and well-educated young man. This is really a piece of luck for Beethoven. Because although there is the best school in Bonn-even the kind old Bach will happily send many of his children to study-Beethoven's father never thought it worth sending Beethoven there to study even for two or three months. In his eyes, studying is far less profitable than learning music. For the first time in his life, young Beethoven found class enjoyable. Mr. Niffe is very kind to him, not only teaching music, but also teaching him many other things in the world. In order to pay for his tuition, Beethoven replaced his teacher as an organist when Mr. Niffe was busy or left town. So when he just turned fourteen, he was appointed as an assistant court organist and ancient pianist in the theater. How proud the hateful and unfortunate father was when he saw that his son's music finally made some money!

Visiting

Beethoven visited Vienna for the first time in his life around this time, playing for his favorite idol Mozart. Mozart thought that the child was just playing an exhibit that had been practiced for this occasion for a long time, so he had to praise him politely and coldly out of politeness. Little Beethoven got angry and asked Mozart to give him a theme, and then he used so much emotion and genius to improvise on it. Mozart was surprised and immediately ran to the door of the next room. "Pay attention to this young man," he shouted to a group of friends who were having a party inside. "One day the whole world will hear his voice!"

Beethoven finally realized that it was impossible for him to make greater progress in his hometown, so he decided to go to Vienna again to seek his luck. By this time Mozart had died, but Haydn had just won his first victory in London and was at the peak of his fame. When passing through Bonn, Haydn had heard and greatly appreciated one of Beethoven's choruses, so Beethoven decided to turn to Haydn to study first. Haydn had already passed his youth, and he was more diligent than ever in writing and conducting his greatest works. No wonder he doesn't have much time and energy to correct the paper. Moreover, he asked the students to pay only 2 cents per class, and he probably felt that he didn't need to spend too much time practicing manuscript paper. So Beethoven often found some uncorrected mistakes in his exercises, and he was very angry. When the old teacher left for London for his second visit, Beethoven turned to a less talented but strict teacher to study. Later, he often declared loudly that he had learned nothing from Haydn. However, before long, he will gradually feel that if he didn't get anything from correction exercises, he got inspiration from Haydn because he dedicated his first piano sonatas to Haydn. And when Haydn made his last appearance on the stage for his Genesis performance and was helped out by several of his servants, Beethoven bent down and kissed the frail old man kindly.

Go your own way

Beethoven doesn't want to be a favorite in the living room. He would rather be in his own residence and be able to go in and out, get up, dress and eat as he pleases. He likes to fiddle about trifles in the room according to his own interests. Once, in order to ventilate the air and see the scenery outside the window, he deliberately cut off a piece of the window. He is always in trouble with the landlords and always moves around. Whenever he is at the climax of his creation, he always throws pots of water on his head to cool it down until the water soaks into the downstairs room-we can imagine the mood of the landlord and other tenants! Sometimes he moves so frequently that he doesn't even want to worry about putting his legs on the piano and just sits on the floor and plays it. Because he has to sign a lease every time he rents a new house, indicating the lease period, he often pays rent for four apartments at the same time. This is probably the reason why although he earns a lot of money, he always has little savings!

Deafness

When he really felt that his ears were getting deaf, he was almost desperate. Life doesn't seem worth living: is there anything more unfortunate for a musician than not hearing the sweet voice that he likes to listen to and live by? At first, only a few old friends, such as Dr. Wigler and Stephen von Broynen, knew about his misfortune. He gave up going to the palaces to listen to the cheerful concerts he loved so much. He was afraid that people would notice his deafness and thought that a musician who could not hear could not write good works. No! He remembered all the music he wanted to write. "I want to hold the fate by the throat!" " Perhaps it is not as difficult for him to create music when he is deaf as other musicians. In his view, music is not only to arrange various themes or sound patterns with charming voices, but also a language that expresses the deepest thoughts.

Beethoven and his friends

No musician has so many successes and so few happy days in his life. His friends are kind and loyal, but his cursed deafness separates him from them. Even his hearing AIDS often disappoint him, so the only way for him to keep in touch with them is the "conversation book" and pencil he always carries with him. He saw them talking to each other and thought they were always talking about him, speaking ill of him and plotting against him. One day he wrote, "Never show your face in front of me again! You are a mean dog, a dishonest guy! " The next day, when he found that his suspicion was wrong and his friend was sincere, he wrote another note: "Dear friend, you are an honest man, and you are right. I understand now. So come to me this afternoon and accept your Beethoven love. " And his friends-how nice people they are-always forgive his rude quarrel and stay with him until the end. His family life is miserable from beginning to end: he has never been married. When he first arrived in Vienna, he asked a singer from his hometown, Magdalena? Willman proposed, but she refused because Beethoven was "so ugly". Since then, he has fallen in love with several aristocratic women-lovely women with lovely names-and he confided in them with music, but they accepted his music and refused his love!

Mastery

Heroic Symphony

Beethoven's heart is full of ideals of freedom, equality and universal love. He was a passionate supporter of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789. In 1798, General Bernadotte (1763-1844) became the French ambassador to Vienna. Beethoven often visited his home and had close contacts with people around him. In 182, Beethoven started writing the Third Symphony for Napoleon at the suggestion of Bernadotte. In his mind, Napoleon was a hero who destroyed the autocratic system and realized his ideals. In 184, Beethoven completed the Third Symphony. Just as he was preparing to dedicate it to Napoleon, the news that Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor spread to Vienna. When Beethoven learned the news from the student Li Si (1784-1838), he roared angrily: "He is just an ordinary man. Now he will trample on human rights to show his personal ambition. He will ride on the heads of everyone and become a tyrant! " As he spoke, he went to the table, tore up the dedication to Napoleon and threw it on the floor, and no one was allowed to pick it up. After many days, Beethoven's anger gradually subsided and he was allowed to make this work public. In December 184, this symphony was first performed in the court of Prince Rob Kovitz in Vienna. The first public performance at the Vienna Theatre in April 185 was conducted by Beethoven himself. The program reads: "A new symphony in D major, Ludwig? Where? Written by Mr Beethoven, dedicated to His Royal Highness Prince Rob Kovitz. " Strangely, Beethoven said it was not in E flat major, but in D flat major. When the score was published in October 186, it was printed on the title page: Heroic Symphony was written in memory of a great man. Since then, the Third Symphony has been called "Heroic Symphony".

Symphony of Destiny

The first four notes of Beethoven's Symphony in C minor (Op.67) are as strong and heavy as the sound of fate knocking at the door. This work is therefore called "Symphony of Destiny". The Symphony of Destiny was written from 185 to 188. Beethoven wrote to his friend Wegele in November 188 (1765-1848