Poems, songs, essays and their appreciation, poor Han.

Poems, songs, essays and their appreciation, poor Han.

Wang Fanzhi

Poor Han, these nuns are extremely lonely.

Two poor ancestors got married all their lives.

Women are guests and husbands are guests.

When I get home at dusk, there is no rice and no wood.

Men and women are hungry, just like fast food.

The village is chasing the mediocre tone, and the village heads are urging each other.

The scarf is exposed, and the shirt is open.

There are no shoes on me, and there are no shoes for the first step.

The ugly woman came to scold and screamed at her head.

The village is being kicked and the village head is being beaten.

You'll see the Ming government when you drive, and come back by a ridge.

No place to rent, no place to adjust, be sure to accompany me.

See creditors at the door and poor wives at home.

Give up crying and meet again.

So bitter and so poor, every village has one or two.

Wang Fanzhi is a popular poet who mainly recites Buddhist scriptures and Zen Hyunri. However, under the influence of the social ideological trend of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the early Tang Dynasty, he was not confined to Buddhism, but was often active at the bottom of society. Through his contact with the poor masses, he gradually accepted the influence of their thoughts and feelings, so as to dare to face reality, boldly attack and expose unreasonable social phenomena and human feelings, and to some extent showed the courage that a realistic poet should have. As the Dunhuang manuscript "Preface to Wang Fanzhi's Poems" said: "Only with Buddha, there is no pain for me. It is a blessing to know before, and a cause and effect to know after. It's not illegal to write about practicing, persuading good and forbidding evil. Although there are several catalogues, there are more than 300 poems. Talk frankly about current affairs, not nonsense. Wang Fanzhi's Noble Person is the essence of Xi Dingguo. Not keeping the classics is an old saying. Not only do wise men change their minds, but fools also change their faces. Rumors from far and near persuade punishment to make good. Corrupt officials invade fishing freely; Lu, a loyal and honest corpse whisperer, is ignorant and miserable! Look over and over again, think twice before you act, even if you speak, you can't read this good article. " (S778) It is precisely because of Wang Fanzhi's thought that besides Buddhism and Taoism, there is also a side of "telling the truth about current affairs and not making empty talk", so he can produce poems with practical significance such as Poor Han.

Judging from the poet's life, the Li-Tang Dynasty, which was established in the storm of peasant uprising, adopted a series of measures conducive to the recovery and development of production, eased social contradictions, and the economy rose accordingly. However, feudal exploitation and oppression still exist, and heavy tax corvee follows. "Zhenguan Dignitary" Volume Six Clouds: "For the official corvee, one road after another, brother to brother, beginning and end endless. Those who are far away travel five or six thousand miles, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and have no rest. " There are ten more sentences in the same book that say, "For many years, Guanzhong people have been tired of hard work, especially hard people." The "Zhenguan rule" in the early Tang Dynasty was still the same, but it became worse in the period of Emperor Gaozong and Wuhou. The burden of the poor is increasing day by day, and their lives are very miserable. Wang Fanzhi, a folk poet living in this period, witnessed the dramatic changes and profound contradictions in the early Tang Dynasty, forcing him to break away from the sacred aperture of religion and face the bleak life. It was the harsh reality that pushed him to the bottom of society and the poor. This "Poor Han" just left the brand of the times and directly poured out the pain and resentment of the "hard poor Han".

The first paragraph is from the first sentence of the poem "Poor Han" to "It looks like fast food". The poet came straight to the point and told the story directly, highlighting the word "poor". Look, a couple of poor and sleepy farm labourers, who were doomed to poverty in their previous lives, only got married in this life and lived in a lonely and miserable hut. Because they have no place to stand, it is difficult for them to make a living, so they have to be hired by others. Women plow the fields and men plow the fields from morning till night. "One fast", one of the twelve practices, only eats one morning fast a day and never eats. These ten poems contain three meanings: first, the poverty of husband and wife, marriage before; The second time, I was extremely poor and became a guest; In the end, there is no rice, no firewood and hunger. It can be said that poverty is gradually revealed to people step by step, which lays the groundwork for the pursuit of mediocrity in the following description.

In the second paragraph, from "Li Zheng pursues mediocrity" to "Li Zheng must accompany him", there are fourteen sentences. "Li Zheng" and "Village Head" were both local officials in the Tang Dynasty. What they are pursuing together is a trite tune, and its evil form is self-evident, so it is not necessary to write it clearly. The poet deliberately described "poverty" to the point where he had to take risks and resist. The poor man's headscarf is tattered, which is not enough to cover his head. He has no shoes, is in rags, is naked and can't even put on his pants. How can he afford the rent? Ugly women come out to call names, scratching their hair and making a lot of noise. Men also fight, kick inside and hit the village head, which is a scene of tearing between the government and the people. This is a true description of literati's poems in the early Tang Dynasty, which is more and more valuable to read. However, the regime and the sword are in the hands of the rulers, and resistance is futile. In the end, I can only be rushed to see the government and be punished by a stick. Although he was released home, the rent was still nowhere to be found. Only Li Zheng could not get rid of this relationship, and he still had to pay the rent. This also reflects the cruelty of the feudal government to the lower-level small officials, thus revealing the complex contradictions between officials and the people and officials and officials in that era. It is difficult for a poet to write such a profound poem if he is not among the poor and has an insight into the life of the lower class.

The last paragraph, from "meeting the creditors at the door" to the end, consists of six sentences. The poet further described the extra exploitation and pain suffered by poor Han, that is, as the poem said, he went out to see the creditor who was in debt collection and went into the house to see his poor and helpless wife. Just when he was down and out, he happened to encounter the pain of crying in the leaky house. It never rains but it pours, adding insult to injury, resulting in a tragic atmosphere of being isolated and unable to survive, pushing the theme of poverty in Korea to * * *. At the end of the sentence, "every village has one or two pieces" ("block", quantifier, or "block"). In other words, the bitter and poor man described in the poem is not a special existence, but a typical figure that can be seen in every village, which also shows the poet's high generalization of the real society.

In art, the outstanding feature of this poem is a linear description, which describes the miserable life of poor Han people and the painful process of being forced to rent a house to pay off debts. In the narrative, it expresses a strong desire to criticize reality, which makes this disciple roaming in the illusory Buddhist country turn into a disastrous life, write poems with people's feelings and become a real folk popular poet.