Why do gallstones in cattle and dogs have high medicinal value, but those in humans are useless?

Gallstones in cattle, dogs and monkeys have long been used as medicines. Because these are animals, they can be slaughtered at will, and the quantity is relatively large (some plants, animals or minerals can be used as traditional Chinese medicine, but the quantity is limited or even scarce, so they cannot be popularized, which limits their use). Although the total amount of human stones is relatively large, before the introduction of western medicine into China, traditional Chinese medicine surgery did not perform gallstone surgery, so there was no source of medicinal materials for medicine. The formation of animal stones is also caused by diseases, which is basically the same as that of people.

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Some animals have stones in their bodies due to diseases. These stones can treat some diseases, and some of them are precious medicinal materials, so they are often crowned as "treasures". As we all know, bezoar is the gallstone of cattle or buffalo, and it has the reputation of "ugly treasure", which is widely used and has outstanding curative effect. In traditional Chinese medicine, animal calculus is used as medicine, besides bezoar, there are Ma Bao, Goubao and Monkey Jujube. Pearl is a kind of stone in seawater or freshwater shellfish. It is not only a beautiful ornament, but also a precious Chinese medicine, which can treat many diseases. Let's talk about these "gems" from animals.

Calculus Bovis: Calculus Bovis has a long history in Chinese medicine, which was recorded in detail in Shennong Herbal Classic in the Eastern Han Dynasty. As early as the Yuan Dynasty, it was brought to the west by Arabs. Since then, scalpers have settled abroad as "immigrants". Arvinzuoa, a famous Arab doctor, called bezoar "detoxicating stone" in his works and was convinced of its curative effect. Many westerners regard bezoar as a treasure and carefully store it in a box made of gold and silver for a rainy day. It is said that in the15th century, Queen Elizabeth of England always hung a piece of bezoar around her neck to prevent poisoning. Niuhuang is also known as rhinoceros yellow, west yellow and ugly treasure. It is a stone in the gallbladder, bile duct or liver duct of cattle or buffalo. Most of them are taken from the gallbladder and are round, and the trade name is "bile yellow" or "egg yolk"; What is taken from bile duct or hepatic duct is called "tube yellow". Calculus bovis is cool and bitter, and its main components are cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholesterol, bile pigment, ergosterol, and various trace elements and amino acids. The product has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials and relieving convulsion. Oral administration can treat high fever, coma, delirium, madness, convulsion, convulsion and other symptoms. External use for sore throat, aphtha and carbuncle. It contains deoxycholic acid and other ingredients, and has spasmolytic effect. Now synthetic bezoar can achieve the same effect. There are many prescriptions prepared by Niuhuang, the most famous of which are Angong Niuhuang Pill and Niuhuang Qingxin Pill, all of which are excellent products for clearing away heat and toxic materials, inducing resuscitation and calming the nerves.

Ma Bao: The aliases are,, stone,. Calculi in the gastrointestinal tract of horses. It is spherical, oval or oblate, with different sizes, generally 6-20 cm and weighing 250-2500 g, but some are as small as beans. The color is blue, gray or brown, with fine grass lines. Ancient Ma Bao was a magical thing in Tibet and Mongolia, and local lamas often used it to pray for rain. Ma Bao is salty and cool, and its main components are magnesium phosphate, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Its main functions are relieving convulsion, resolving phlegm, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and treating convulsion, epilepsy, unconsciousness, hematemesis, epistaxis and malignant sores. Generally, it is taken orally after grinding. To treat infantile convulsion epilepsy, Ma Bao 10g and Calculus Bovis 2.5g*** are ground into fine powder, 0.5g each time, twice a day, and the dosage is reduced under two years old; For the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, Ma Bao10g, Stemona Stemona10g and Bletilla striata 20g are ground into fine powder, 2.5-5g each time and three times a day.

Goubao: Goubao is the stomach stone of canines. Stones are spherical in shape and vary in size, generally with a diameter of1.5 ~ 5cm, and are gray or grayish black. Sexual taste is sweet, salty and flat. Its main components are calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium phosphate. The product has that function of lowering adverse qi, relieve depression, removing toxic substances, and treating burp, nausea, carbuncle and furuncle. Oral grind 1.5 ~ 2.5g or take pill powder. For those who have been choking for several months, take 0.5g of Goubao as the powder, 0/00g of Radix Clematidis/kloc-and 0/0g of salt, and mash them into small small small wine cups, stir them evenly and remove residues twice a day. Treatment of carbuncle ulcer: Goubao 2.5g, honeycomb 5g, decocted in water twice a day.

Monkey Jujube: Monkey Jujube is also called Monkey Dan, Shen Zao, Monkey Jujube and Sheep Intestine Jujube. It is a stone in the stomach or liver and gallbladder of rhesus monkey, which is oval and slightly like jujube pit. The size varies greatly, the big one is like an egg, the small one is only like a soybean, and most of them are the size of a lotus seed. The surface is bronze or green and black. Bitter nature and cold nature. Its main functions are eliminating phlegm, relieving convulsion, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and it can be used to treat phlegm-heat asthma, infantile convulsion, epilepsy and scrofula. Take orally and grind into powder, each time1~ 2.5g; Use vinegar for external use. The representative of Monkey Jujube is "Monkey Jujube Powder", which takes 0.3g of Monkey Jujube, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Moschus, Borax, Pelargonium Gigeriae Galli, Pinellia ternata (processed), Aquilaria Resinatum, Cinnabaris (flying), Calculus Bovis and Scorpio (unhooked) * * * as powder, and has the functions of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, relieving convulsion and inducing resuscitation. Children with convulsion, excessive phlegm and saliva, coma and restlessness, take orally, 1 0.3g for 2 years old and 0.6g for over 3 years old, 1 ~ 2 times a day.

Pearl: Pearl, also known as real pearl, mussel pearl, pearl and lotus pearl, is a seedless pearl formed in the shell of Pinctada. Its formation is due to the external irritating fine impurities (such as sand, etc.) under accidental conditions. ) into the outer membrane of some shellfish. At this time, the shellfish software will secrete a pearl substance to protect itself, and wrap the foreign matter layer by layer to form vegetation, which will become pearls over time. Pearls are round, rectangular or irregular spherical, with a diameter of 1 ~ 6mm, and the surface is translucent silvery white, yellowish white, light pink or light blue. This taste is sweet, salty and cold. Its function is to calm the nerves and treat symptoms such as fright, epilepsy and convulsion; Clearing liver, eliminating nebula, treating redness, swelling and pain, and preventing pterygium; Detoxification and wound healing, used for throat obstruction, oral abscess, ulceration and swelling, ulceration and unhealed. Use grinding powder 0.3 ~ 1g, and add more pills for external use. Its prescription includes Liu Ying Pill, Huang Zhu Chuihou Powder, Huang Zhu Powder and Zhupo Anshen Pill.