Appreciation of the ancient poem "Sending Friends to Sichuan"

This is a lyric poem, which is famous for describing the wonderful beauty of mountains and rivers in Shu Road. In the second year of Tianbao (743), Li Bai sent friends to Shu in Chang 'an.

The whole poem is described from two aspects: farewell and entering Sichuan. The first couplet was written into Shu Dao, starting from the difficulty of Shu Dao: "Look at the road, it is difficult to walk." On the occasion of parting, Li Bai kindly told his friends: I heard that the Shu Road is rugged and dangerous, and the road is full of mountains and mountains. The tone is gentle and natural, as if two good friends are talking, and their feelings are sincere and sincere. It begins with a passionate exclamatory sentence "Alas, the danger is very high, and such a trip is more difficult than climbing the blue sky", and its writing is very different. This is just a calm narrative, but also a "talk", which is euphemistic and without trace.

The first contact got down to business and made a farewell intention.

Zhuan Xu made a further detailed description of the "rugged and difficult" Shu Road: "The mountain starts from the human face and the cloud is beside the horse's head." The Shu Road twists and turns on the high mountain, and people walk on the plank road, and the cliff is like oncoming. From the overlapping of faces, clouds rise and roll on the horse's head, like walking on clouds. The verbs "strange" and "sheng" are well used, which vividly show the narrowness, steepness and danger of the plank road, the strange imagination, the wonderful realm and the flying charm. On the one hand, Shu Road looks steep, on the other hand, it also has beautiful and moving places. The magnificent scenery is on the piano stack: "The fragrant trees cage the piano stack, and the spring flows around the city of Shu." The word "cage" in this couplet is praised by critics as "poetic eye", which is vivid, vivid and meaningful, and shows many aspects.

The first layer it contains means: the prominent trees on the rocky cliffs, swaying branches and leaves, cover the plank road. This is a view from a distance. Qin Zhan is a plank road from Qin (now Shaanxi Province) to Shu. It was built by chiseling a stone frame between rocks. The road surface is narrow and the roadside will not be covered by trees. The word "cage" accurately describes the characteristics that the tree-lined plank road is covered by trees on the mountain. The second meaning is: echoing the "fragrant tree" in front, it vividly shows the "scene" of the lush growth of spring forest.

Finally, the words "Cage Qin Exhibition" and the antithesis "Around Shu City" are condensed and refined, which just constitutes a rigorous and neat antithesis. The former writes about the scenery of Shu Road on the mountain, while the latter writes about the beautiful scenery of Chunjiang running around Chengdu under the mountain. The distant view and the close view are matched up and down, and the scenery is beautiful, just like a magnificent landscape painting of Sichuan Road. Poets use rich colors to describe the scenic spots of Shu Road, which is undoubtedly a kind of comfort and encouragement for friends who have entered Shu. At the end of the couplet, a title suddenly turned over: "ups and downs should be decided, don't ask Junping." Li Bai knew that his friend went to Shu for the purpose of pursuing fame and fortune, so he gave a farewell speech. He warned meaningfully: A person's official position, advance and retreat, has long been a foregone conclusion, so why ask Jun Ping, who is good at divination! Yan Zun in the Western Han Dynasty, the word Junping, lived in seclusion and was not an official. He once sold hexagrams in Chengdu for a living. Li Bai used Junping's allusions to gently encourage his friends not to indulge in fame and fortune. It can be said that he is eager to seduce, which reflects his deep friendship and his understanding of his life. Couplets are written implicitly, with short words and long feelings. This poem, fresh and elegant in style, was once praised by predecessors as "authentic five laws" (Poetry of Tang and Song Dynasties, Volume I).

The antithesis of the two couplets in the middle of the poem is very precise and neat. Moreover, the meaning of couplets is extremely dangerous, and it is extremely difficult to talk about Shu Dao. The necklace suddenly describes the beautiful scenery and scenery, and the brushwork is changeable. Finally, with the discussion as the conclusion, the theme is realized and the charm is more abundant. Zhao Yi, a A Qing, once pointed out the five laws written by Li Bai, "Be brilliant and heroic, be lucky, disdain to be bound by the duality of rhythm, and compete with carvers." However, there is duality, or self-employed; And there is a kind of heroism in the works, which is beyond words "("Ou Bei Shi Hua "Volume I). This comment is very accurate, which just shows the artistic characteristics of these five laws in duality.