Cao Cao's poet Friends Circle during Jian 'an Period?

Introduction: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of writers, such as Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, Cai Wenji, Han Danchun, etc. With their frankness, they expressed their ambition to make contributions and set off the first literary creation climax in the history of China's poetry. Because it was the Jian 'an era of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, it was later called Jian 'an literature.

Jian 'an is the title of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Jian 'an literature, which is usually referred to in the history of literature, refers to the literature from the years before Jian 'an to the last year of Wei Mingdi (239). In fact, it is the literature under the rule of Cao Shi forces, and its creation is mainly in the Jian 'an period. Representative writers mainly include Cao Zhi's father and son (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi), seven sons of Jian 'an (Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy, Serina Liu) and Cai Yan.

Cao Cao's poet in Jian 'an period? Friends circle? one

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty as his capital in the first year of Jian 'an. Since then? Holding the emperor as a minister? In the name of Prime Minister Han, he ordered the world to pacify the vassals. At the same time, focusing on martial arts and literature, he developed the famous Jian 'an literature in history. Almost all the famous literati at that time were in his? Friends circle? Medium.

First of all, he took the lead in writing poems and expressed his feelings with Yuefu ancient poems. He left more than twenty poems, including four-character poems, five-character poems and miscellaneous poems. The most classic, of course, is the "short song" sung by the poem of Hengling in the Southern Expedition:

Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang. Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano. As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about the banquet and miss the old grace. There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south and circle the tree three times. What branches can you rely on? The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.

Of course, he also cultivated his two sons, Cao, into first-rate poets.

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Cao Pi is the second son of Cao Cao. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, he served as commander and deputy prime minister of the five senses. In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, he succeeded Wang Wei as prime minister. This winter, he proclaimed himself emperor, and he reigned in Wei Wendi for seven years, in posthumous title. Cao Pi lived the life of a noble son, a prince and an emperor in a stable environment, but he lived in harmony with the following people and loved literature equally, leaving 40 poems. What he is best at is describing the poems that couples yearn for, and he is good at romantic and delicate descriptions. The most famous song is Xing:

The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the vegetation shakes and exposes frost. The group of Yan resigned to solitary south lane, thinking about gentlemen and guests. Xi is homesick, so you gave it to the other person to stay for a long time. I am alone in my room, afraid of forgetting my worries, and I don't feel tears on my clothes. Short songs cannot be long. The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Cowherd and Weaver Girl look at each other from afar, and you are alone in the river beam.

Unexpectedly, Cao Pi, who forced Cao Zhi to write a seven-step poem, was also a good poet and a master of romantic poetry.

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Of course, the best poet at that time was Cao Zijian, who was politically unsuccessful but very talented. Cao Zhi left more than 80 poems and wrote more than 40 poems and essays. My favorites are Mingdu and White Horse. It shows the heroic atmosphere and spirit of that era and deserves to be the representative of Jian' an figures.

Beautiful names are full of beauty, and young people in Luoyang are more elegant. My treasure knife is worth thousands of dollars, and the clothes inside are luxurious and vivid. Cockfighting on the road in the eastern suburbs and horse racing in a long string of catalpa trees. When I was on my way there, a pair of rabbits jumped in front. Take the gong gong cymbals and drive the Nanshan Mountain. I drew a bow with my left hand and fired an arrow with my right hand, and only one arrow hit two rabbits. Other techniques are useless, and people who fly kites in the air meet in a narrow way. The pedestrians watching H unt cheered in unison, and the archers nearby were impressed by me. Back to Pingle Ancient Temple, the wine is worth 10,000 yuan. Chop carp and cook shrimp soup, then fry turtle pancakes. Calling friends and friends came to his desk, and the long banquet was filled in an instant. Cuju and Jirang are busy, agile and renovated. The sun will always gallop to the southwest, and the passage will not be surpassed. After the feast, we rush out like a cloud and come back tomorrow morning to enjoy ourselves!

White horse decorated with gold, flying northwest. Excuse me, who is the family? You are a ranger. Young people go to villages and towns, raising their voices and hanging in the desert. I used to have a good bow, but my arrows were uneven. If the string is controlled to break the left, the right hair will destroy the moon branch. Raise your hand to catch flies and bend down to lay horseshoes. Smarter than monkeys and apes, as brave as leopards. There are many policemen in the border town, and the number of soldiers and riders is also moving. Feathers come from the north, and horses climb the embankment. The dragon drove to the Huns, and the left looked around and led Xianbei. Give up your life on the blade, and your life will be safe? Parents don't care, how can we talk about children and wives! A famous person is a strong person, and he can't be selfish. Give your life to the national disaster and feel like you're dying!

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Cai Wenji, the only great poet in Jian 'an period, still spent a lot of money to redeem him from the Hu people, and let him marry and settle down, encouraging her to organize her father Cai Yong's manuscripts and engage in literary creation. Her masterpiece should be a poem of sadness and anger;

The Han Dynasty lost power and influence, and Dong Zhuo was in chaos. If you want to usurp the throne, you must first harm the virtuous. Forced to move to the old state to help the Lord strengthen himself. Xingyi division wants to * * for bad luck at home. Excellent people come from the east and shine in the sun. The local people are very fragile, and all the soldiers are Hu Qiangren. Hunting wild cities and besieging cities, I know what I want to break. There is nothing left, and the remains support each other. A horse hangs a man's head, and a horse carries a woman behind it. Driving west to enter the customs, the road is dangerous and blocked. I still care. My liver and spleen are rotten. There are several tens of thousands, and gathering is not allowed. Still flesh and blood, afraid to speak. When you are depressed for a few minutes, you need to talk about your shortcomings. If you want to be a pavilion blade, I can't live with you. How dare you spare your life? You can't stand being scolded. Or add pestle, poison and pain are combined into one. The study is sad and the night is sad. You can't have it if you want to die, and you can't have it if you want to live. It is a misfortune for people with pale faces. Bianhuang is different from China, who is vulgar and unreasonable. There is a lot of frost and snow in the place, and Hu Feng starts in spring and summer. Blow my clothes gently and let them sink into my ears. I miss my parents when I feel it, and lament the infinite. It's always nice to hear that there are guests from outside. Welcome to ask about him. You need to reply to the village. I hope that when I meet you, my flesh and blood will meet me. If you have to forgive yourself, you should abandon your son. Heaven binds people's hearts, and it is too late to say goodbye. Life and death are always good, and we can't bear to say goodbye to them. Hold my neck in front of my son and ask my mother what she wants. When people say that their mother should go, there is no time to return. My mother has always been kind, so today is even more unkind. I am not an adult, so I don't care. Seeing this collapse in five days, I was in a trance and crazy. Crying and touching, when you reply to doubts. At the same time, they bid farewell to each other. I long for my return, and sad tears have destroyed the cracks. A horse hesitated, but a car refused to turn. The audience was booed and sobbed as they walked. To break the relationship and sign for the future. This is 3,000 miles long. When shall we meet again? Read me out of my stomach and my heart will destroy me. Not only for the family, but also for China and foreign countries. The city wall is a mountain forest, and the yard is full of Ai Jing. If you don't know whose bone it is, don't cover it vertically and horizontally. When no one goes out, the jackal barks. Embrace the lonely scene, and you will lose your liver and lungs. Looking at the distance, the soul suddenly flew. After the election, others will be lenient. In order to recover, there is no need to say it. Entrust your life to a new person and try your best to encourage yourself. Being stingy, I am often afraid of donating again. The geometry of life, you worry all the year round.

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Cao Cao also collected vagrants at that time, and even wrote the famous essay "Chen" against Cao Cao? Leniency? , entrusts with an important task. These literati are called by later generations? Jian' an seven sons? . Of course, only the disobedient Kong Rong was killed.

The earliest mention of the seven sons of Jian 'an is Cao Pi's Dian Lun Paper.

He mentioned that scholars often despise each other. There are only seven literati today, including Kong Wenju, Guangling Chen Wangwei, Beihai Xu Weichang, Liu Chen Ruan Yu Ruan Wenyu, Runan Ying Yingde Company and Dongping Serina Liu Liu Gonggan. This? Seven sons? There is nothing lacking in learning, and there is no borrowing from others in writing. In the literary world, they all seem to gallop thousands of miles, neck and neck, and it is really difficult for them to admire each other. ?

He further commented on the advantages and disadvantages of all people: I look at myself to measure others, so I can write this paper without the drag of scholars' belittling each other. RoyceWong is good at ci-fu, and Xu Gan's articles have the soothing habits of Qi people from time to time, but they are also comparable to RoyceWong. For example, RoyceWong's Fu on Initial Expropriation, Fu on Climbing the Building, Fu on Feeling and Fu on Thinking, and Xu Gan's Fu on Xuanyuan, Fu on Missing Flowers, Fu on Fan, and Fu on Orange are all beyond Zhang Heng and Cai Yong's reach. However, other articles can't compare with this. The chapters, tables, books and notes of Chen Lin and Ruan Yu are outstanding today. Angelababy's article is peaceful but not magnificent, while Serina Liu's article is magnificent but not detailed enough. Kong Rong's charm is elegant and extraordinary, but he is not good at making arguments, and his words are better than reasoning, even mixed with jokes and teasing words. As for what he is good at, it is Yang Xiong and Ban Gu's first-class ci. Most people value the ancients, despise the present, advocate fame, ignore reality, fail to see their own shortcomings, and always think they are virtuous. ?

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Kong Rong was a famous Confucian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Cai Yong, he is a master of writing and good at poetry. Kong Rong is a native of Lu, the 20th grandson of Confucius. Kong Rong advocates Confucianism and pays attention to loyalty and filial piety, but he was born in an era of usurping chaos and blaspheming Confucianism, and his heart was quite disappointed. So? When you make a speech, you will be very obedient. ? He is Jiuqing, but? Disrespectful courtiers, bald chicken feathers, abrupt palace que. ? He once wrote "On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Sages", saying that a sage is nothing but an expert among people. He wrote the book Cao Gongnan's List of Banned Books, which was well-founded and vigorous. Has wine been a virtue for a long time? Yao is not a thousand minutes, and there is no way to establish peace; Confucius is unworthy of being a saint. Fan Kuai's solution to Hong Men is not to pat him on the shoulder and not to excite him. Gaozu is not drunk to cut the white snake, and there is no way to let it go. Jingdi is not drunk, but fortunately Tang Ji, ZTE has no way to open. Yuan Ang can't escape his life without the power of alcohol. I can't decide if I don't drink much. ? In truth, why should wine be lost to the ruler? ? Cao Cao broke Yuan Shao, and Xelloss secretly married Zhen Shi, Yuan's wife. Kong Rong wrote to Cao Cao and said? King Wu cut Zhou and gave it to Duke Zhou with da ji. ? Cao Cao thinks that Kong Rong is knowledgeable, which is recorded in Biography. Later, when I met Kong Rong, I asked him what the classics were, and I replied:? Take it for granted ?

Although Cao Cao is tolerant on the surface, he is very uncomfortable inside. Lu Chi, an ancient counselor, understood Cao Cao's meaning and found a reason to dismiss him. After more than a year, he became a Chinese doctor. During the period, although the family lost power, every day the guests were crowded, took care of the talents, drank too much, and often sighed. The guests are always full, and the wine in the bottle is not empty, so I have no trouble. ? Many of Kong Rong's arguments are pedantic and unrealistic. Ye Fan said of him in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty:? Negative for his high spirits, his ambition is to overcome difficulties, but his talent is vast, so far he has not succeeded. ? Kong Rong was finally killed by Cao Cao for committing a cult.

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RoyceWong's great-grandfather and grandfather held high positions in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Xian moved westward, while Wang Can moved to Chang 'an. Cai Yong, the left corps commander, was surprised to see him. At that time, Cai Yong was a scholar, ranking above. At home, he often rides a bike, which fills the driveway and the guests are full. I heard that when RoyceWong arrived at his door, he didn't care that his shoes were on backwards, so he went to the door to meet him. When RoyceWong came in, everyone was surprised to find that RoyceWong was young and short. Cai Yong said? This is the grandson of the maharaja, who has a special talent. I am not as good as you. I will give him all the books and articles in our family. ? Later, RoyceWong attached himself to Liu Biao in Jingzhou, and was not taken seriously. After Liu Biao's death, RoyceWong advised Liu Cong to join Cao Cao. Cao Cao was appointed Prime Minister and awarded the title of Prince Guan Neihou. After the establishment of Wei State, he worshipped as a servant and did a lot of restoration work when the national laws and regulations system was abandoned. When he was young, RoyceWong walked with others and read the inscriptions on the roadside. People ask:? Can you recite it? RoyceWong answered yes, and recited it on the spot. This is a good word. Watching people walk, the chess game was chaotic, and RoyceWong made a comeback. If the chess player doesn't believe it, he will cover the game with something and let him repeat it on the next chessboard without missing anything. He remembered all this. He is also good at arithmetic, and his research is very clear. Of course, he is also good at writing poems, writing and never changing. He wrote more than 60 poems, essays and discussions in his life. 2 1 year, Jian' an led the army to conquer Wu, and died on the road at the age of 4 1 year. RoyceWong's most famous works are Ode to the Building and Seven Wounded Poems, which express his depressed mood of being born in troubled times and having no talent. Described the sufferings of the people in the turmoil. Among them, in "Seven Wounded Poems"? I didn't see anything when I went out, Bones Plain? In a word, it has become an eternal swan song to describe this war. Its "Denglou Fu" wrote:

? Denz building looked around, chatting and eliminating worries. Look at the place where Yusi is. It's really open and bitter. With the help of Zhang Qing, you can go through Puxi and rely on Changzhou. You are bent. The back grave is a vast land, near the high tide. Peach trees in the north and Zhao Qiu in the west. Petrochemical recovery, millet full territory. Although I believe in beauty rather than my soil, how can I stay less! I have been moved by the turbid world, and I have been out of discipline so far. Who will worry about falling in love as soon as possible and returning to Xi? With the porch sill, I can overlook and open my mind to the north wind. The plain is far and wide, covering Jingshan Gao Cen. The road twists and turns, and the Sichuan is both diffuse and deep. Sad for the homeland, tears are forbidden. In the past, when my father was in Chen, he had a sigh of return. Quiet, Chu is playing, while Zhuang Gan is singing more and more. Human feelings and cherishing soil are the same, how can you be poor and disloyal! It's just that the sun and the moon are one step more, and a clear river is not extremely clear. A king in Hebei is peaceful, pretending to be high above and powerful. Those who are afraid of melons are holding on, and those who are afraid of wells can't eat. If you leave late, you will lean on it, but when you are in the daytime, you will disappear. The wind is bleak and prosperous, and the sky is miserable and colorless. The wild animals are crazy about the crowd, the birds are singing and raising their wings, and vilen has no one to care about, but he has not stopped collecting husbands. I feel very sad, feel very sad, very sad. Step by step, you will fall and your chest will jump with anger. Night miscellaneous sleepless, melancholy wandering in the opposite. ?

RoyceWong's Ode to a Building combines scenery with lyricism, expressing his feelings of homesickness in the countryside without being reused. He made a big speech, hoping to end the war and make some contributions to the great cause of reunification, but he didn't know when the country would be stable. Among the seven sons of Jian 'an, RoyceWong has the greatest creative achievement. Liu Xie made a comprehensive evaluation of him in Wen Xin Diao Long Cai lue. Zhong Xuanyi is brilliant, smart and dense, with many words of good quality and few defects and tiredness. If he picks up his poem, he will be the champion of seven sons! ?

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Chen Lin started as the main book of the general blades of the Han Dynasty. Blades wanted to kill eunuchs, but He Taihou didn't agree. Blade then summoned fierce generals to guard the four sides and led troops to Beijing, trying to intimidate the Queen Mother. Chen linjin remonstrated:? When soldiers get together, the strong is the male, and what they do is the opposite, giving people a handle; Work will not succeed, just for disorder. ? He Jin didn't listen to his advice and was finally killed, which also caused chaos in the late Han Dynasty. Chen Lin took refuge in Jizhou, and Yuan Shao became the canon, and wrote the famous campaign against Cao Cao. Yuan's downfall brought Chen Lin back to Cao Cao's camp. Cao Cao asked him: You started writing about Yuan Benchu's campaign. You should only write about my crimes. The disease stops at itself. Why did you go to see my grandfather? Chen Lin apologized to his face, but Cao Cao didn't chase him. Chen Lin's poem "A Journey to the Great Wall by Drinking Horses" reveals the sufferings of ordinary people who were forced to join the corvee to build the Great Wall in the form of a dialogue between husband and wife. The language is lively, with the color of Yuefu poetry: the Great Wall caves drink horses, and Shui Han hurts horses' bones. When you call yourself a Great Wall official, don't miss the Taiyuan pawn! Officials have their own journey, and build a harmonious voice! People would rather fight to death than build the Great Wall. The Great Wall stretches for three thousand miles. There are fewer border towns and fewer inner houses. If you write a book and give up your house, you get married and stay. Be kind to my new aunt and always remember my old master! The newspaper is at the edge. Do you want to say a word today? What does he miss his family when he is in trouble? Use it carefully when giving birth to a man, and give birth to a woman with milk. I can't see the Great Wall alone, and the bones of the deceased are interdependent. Do what you want and be considerate. Knowing that the border is bitter, how can I be self-sufficient for a long time

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Ruan Yu was educated in Cai Yong since childhood. Cao Cao also took Chen Lin and Ruan Yu as the air force to offer wine, and managed various documents and military and political proclamations, mostly written by Chen Lin and Ruan Yu. Ruan Yu's "Out of the North Gate" describes the stepmother's abuse of orphans, which is sad and touching.

Angelababy and Liu Zhen were both hired as prime ministers by Cao Cao. Most of Angelababy's poems describe the feeling of wandering. His poem "The Poem of the Commander of the Five Senses" is tactfully vivid and touching. The geese are singing in the clouds, and the sound is sad. When asked where to go, his wings fell. I will live in Hengyang if the door is blocked. Go to the north in spring and travel to the south Huai this winter. Traveling with frost and snow, feathers are destroyed every day. I am often afraid of hurting my muscles and bones. How can a simple bead fall into the sand? Because sex wants to meet, you have to climb a ladder. Good luck is not worth it, and there is no way to stretch your eyebrows. Childe loves guests and drinks. Harmony is both smooth and subtle. It is inappropriate for a boy to comfort a poem. I'm happy, and I'm not drunk. Everyone is in a worship position, with hunger and thirst. ?

Serina Liu's poetic style is vigorous and powerful, and his poems for his younger brother are famous: pine on the pavilion hill and pen in the valley. When the wind is strong, pine branches are strong. First frost is miserable and always right at the end of the year. Don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress have sex. ?

Xu Gan, as commander of the company's air force, is a literary expert with good facial features. There is a book called "Sages". Dry and clear the mysterious body, prepare in six lines, be smart and knowledgeable, be honest and upright, despise officials and wealth, and not worry about the glory of the world. ? Xu Gan is good at love poems. His Random Thoughts on the Room is very famous. Miss you like running water, how can you be poor and have time? Sad and lingering, infatuated with love: the sad season is over, and the orchid leaves wither again. A heavy sigh, you will comfort me. I can't sleep, the night is endless. I crept out of the house and looked up at Samsung. I hate myself. I cried like a spring. ? Who is worried when you are gloomy? I miss you differently, each in the same place. The meeting was not long, and the center was destroyed and injured. If you don't worry about food, you will always be hungry. It seems an honor to sit still and wait for death. ? I'm at the top of the mountain, and I'm on Wan Li Road. Your death is far away, and stagnation makes people old. In my life, I suddenly feel like spring grass. When you can't get it again, what is self-worry? Every time I talk about my past, I can't protect my body. ? He Yang Yang, a floating cloud, is willing to resign because of me. You can't send it. You'll miss it. Everyone will recover after they leave, and you will never come back. Since the monarch came out, the mirror was dark and hopeless. Thinking of a gentleman is like running water, why bother to be poor all the time? ?

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Cao Pi and Wu's Quality Book also summarized the seven sons of Jian 'an. Throughout ancient and modern literati, they don't care about their own details, and they rarely stand on their own honor. Wei Chang (Xu Gan), on the other hand, is a gentleman, who takes it lightly and has the ambition to accumulate good deeds. More than 20 articles in the book have become family precepts, and the words are elegant enough to be handed down from generation to generation. This son is immortal. Delian (Angelababy) often has the meaning of narration. She is talented enough to write a book, but her ambition is not satisfactory. What a pity! The interviewer read the philosopher's prose and wiped his tears; It hurts people, but also consciously. Kong Zhang (Chen Lin) is extremely healthy and slightly rich. Business trip (Liu Zhen) has a sense of escape, but he has not lost his ears; His five-character poems are well written and unique. Yuan Yu (Ruan Yu) has a charming secretary, which makes him very happy. Zhong Xuan (RoyceWong) is good at ci-fu, but he is weak in writing. As for goodness, the ancients didn't go far. ?

Impact: 1. The pioneer of the new situation of Jian 'an literature is Cao Cao, an outstanding politician, strategist and poet. His representative works of poetry creation include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, and A Journey to the Bitter Han, which describe the war and people's sufferings at the end of the Han Dynasty. ? Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles? This is a famous saying of Hao. In "Short Songs", which one shows the ambition to unify the whole country and is full of positive and enterprising spirit? The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart? Shows his broad mind; From Looking at the Sea? On the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is unexpected, if it is unexpected, if it is unexpected? Described the magnificent atmosphere of the sea. From "Short Song"? Green pride, leisurely in my heart? It shows the author's yearning for talents. What's in "Although Defending"? An old horse crouches tiger, aiming at a thousand miles, and a martyr always does something? , showing Cao Cao's enterprising spirit.

2. Cao Cao is a pioneer in creating a new situation in literature. He pioneered the use of Yuefu old poems to write current affairs. Besides his five-character poems, there are many excellent four-character poems. He studied Han Yuefu, but he has his own style.

3. The earliest extant complete seven-character poem of literati is Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi; His canon? Thesis is the earliest extant literary monograph. He advocated literature and promoted the prosperity of Jian 'an literature.

4. Cao Zhi's life and creation can be divided into two periods, which are bounded by Cao Pi's proclaimed emperor in 220 AD.

5. The representative works of Cao Zhi's poetry creation include "White Horse", which describes the superb martial arts and patriotic spirit of ranger teenagers. Celebrities are strong, so they can't be selfish? It embodies the patriotic spirit of teenagers; "Give Xu Gan" to encourage friends to make contributions; "Seven Sorrow" pinned its depression and pain on the thinking women; Noda's trip to an oriole tells the story of a teenager who broke the net and saved an oriole. Yin on Mount Tai describes the poor life of the seaside people. "Beauty" and so on, pin their feelings of lack of talent on the distress of unmarried beauty in their prime. Zhong Rong called his poems? Character is extremely high, the word Hua Mao? .

6. What are the important writers in Jian 'an period? Sancao? Seven sons? And the poetess Chae Yeon. ? Sancao? Refers to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi; ? Seven sons? Known as the classic of Cao Pi? The thesis covers Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Serina Liu, with RoyceWong as the highest achievement.

7、? Seven sons? RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems is one of his representative poems reflecting social unrest and people's sufferings, among which? Go out and see nothing, bones cover the plain? It shows the suffering brought by the war to the people. Chen Lin's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Ruan Yu's Driving Out of the North Gate, etc. Liu Zhen's three masterpieces expressing his personal ambitions and experiences are To My Brother.

8. The extant Cai Yan includes Five-character Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, etc. The most credible is Cai Yan's grief and indignation poem.