The first visit to the dust in Gulong

Visiting Gulongzhong for the first time

Zhou sandstorm

Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, southwest 13 km, was called Longzhong of Deng County in ancient times. It has been admired by people from generation to generation mainly because Zhuge Liang lived here.

On the Double Ninth Festival, the golden wind was cool and the dew was cool. I went to Gulong Middle School for the first time and paid my respects to Zhuge Liang's former residence. It's about 30 minutes' drive from downtown to Longzhong Pass. There are three stone workshops in the mountain pass, with three characters of "Gulongzhong" engraved in the middle and the words "Three generations below" engraved at the back. The meaning is obvious. Zhuge Liang, whose name hangs above the universe, is the only outstanding figure in the past thousand years after Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. On both sides of the stone square, Du Fu's poem "Always look at the world and offer sincerity to two generations" is engraved; It is also engraved with the eight characters of "indifferent to Zhi Ming, quiet and far-reaching" in Zhuge Liang's article "The Ring". This kind of praise for Du Fu's poems and Zhuge Liang's posthumous works generally explains Zhuge Liang's truth in being a man. This reminds me of two poems by Su Shi: "Who said that Xiangyang was wild and gave birth to this Wancheng teacher?" He felt that if he didn't reach Gulong, it would be difficult to understand it.

Zhuge Liang settled in a village in Longzhong at the age of 17, and lived an idyllic life while plowing and studying. This is what Hu Ceng recited in the poem Nanyang: "After many wars, all the heroes in the world are willing to plow and hoe." Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Nanyang, which was different from some hermits who escaped from reality in ancient times. In the past ten years, he studied hard, made friends with scholars, carefully studied the political, economic, cultural and military historical facts of various historical periods, paid close attention to the world situation, compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, and took social stability and turmoil as his own responsibility. Therefore, some people refer to him and Pang Tong as "Wolong" and "Feng Chu".

Zhuge Liang is 27 years old. Liu Bei came to Longzhong three times and humbly asked him about the plan to unify the whole country. Zhuge Liang carefully analyzed the situation at that time to Liu Bei, who visited the thatched cottage, and made a strategic decision. This is the famous Caotang Couple. Although there are only more than 300 words, there are estimates of the strength of Wei, Shu and Wu, as well as policies and measures to unify the whole country. Finally, he also affirmed that as long as we follow the proposed decision, "we can achieve hegemony and the Han Dynasty can flourish". Liu Bei appreciates his idea very much. Under the invitation of Liu Bei's humble words and generous gifts, Zhuge Liang felt that Liu Bei was "loyal to the emperor's office, loyal to the four seas, looking at heroes and thirsty for loyalty and virtue" and followed him out of the mountain. From then on, they "understood the distinction between monarch and minister and inspired the relationship between fish and water." Zhuge Liang never forgot his responsibility for a moment. In order to realize Longzhong's decision, "do your best and die!" Therefore, the world unanimously praised him as "a pillar of the Han Dynasty" and "a good talent for managing the world".

After the stone archway and the ploughing field, you arrive at Xiaohongqiao. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Gan wrote a small bridge in "Ten Poems in Longzhong", saying: "Some people think of things and have been on the small Hongqiao." This small bridge has an interesting history. It is said that when Liu Bei visited this villa, he met Zhuge Liang's father-in-law Huang on the bridge. He saw that the old man was dressed in fox fur and fur, and he talked very well. He mistakenly thought it was Zhuge Liang, which led to misunderstanding. Since then, Xiaohongqiao has become as famous as Longzhong.

This bridge is a stone arch bridge made of bluestone slabs. The water under the bridge is clear and gurgling. When you walk on the bridge and wander alone, you can't help but think of Liu Bei's spirit of "thirst for talent";

Zhuge Wuhou Temple is the main building in Longzhong, located on the ridge of Longzhong Middle East. Seeing things and thinking about feelings, Zhao Mengruo's sentence in the poem Biography of Zhuge Wuhou, the Prime Minister of the Later Han Dynasty, "A fish keeps flowing, and the hero does not change" just shows the good relationship between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang left Longzhong in 207 A.D., and in one fell swoop promoted the alliance of Sun (power) and Liu (equipment) the following year. He talked and laughed in the "feather fan black silk scarf", which made Cao Cao's powerful water army "disappear". Thus winning the famous Battle of Red Cliffs.

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei in obtaining four counties in Jingzhou, rectifying taxes and enriching armaments. In AD 2 1 1 year, Liu Wanxue from Yizhou (Sichuan) was welcoming Liu Bei to Shu, and * * * was at war ... Zhuge Liang led Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun from Jingzhou and joined forces with Liu Bei in Chengdu. Since then, Liu Bei has been in charge of Yizhou pastoral, and Zhuge Liang has been appointed as the general strategist, in charge of military and political affairs.

Liu Bei initially realized Longzhong's strategic deployment of decision-making. "Wu has the danger of the Yangtze River, and Shu has the resistance of worshipping mountains", which laid a solid foundation. In this short period of seven years, Zhuge Liang planned and made Liu Bei, who had no place on the cone, have a big base.

Later, Jingzhou fell, and Liu Bei led the troops out of the Three Gorges, entered Yiling (now Yichang East, Hubei Province), and landed by boat. "Tree Gate Company Battalion 700 Li", with scattered troops, was hit hard by Wu, and Liu Bei was defeated. When I retreated to Baidicheng (now Fengjie, Sichuan), I was already dying. Before he died, he said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. If the heir can help, if he is incompetent, you can take it yourself. " Although what Liu Bei said is true, Zhuge Liang's original intention of "being diligent, keeping his word will help the Han family, and being generous and willing to drive" remains unchanged.

In 223 AD, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang took the prime minister as assistant minister, sealed the marquis of Wuxiang, and began to manage affairs and take charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. Whether politics is big or small is up to him. He was "when he was defeated, he was ordered to put autumn in danger." He tried his best to help Liu Chan until he stopped breathing, which showed the integrity of a great politician.

In 227 AD, with Hanzhong as the base camp, Zhuge Liang led 65,438+10,000 troops to the northern expedition of Cao Wei, seeking the reunification of Shu and Han. Before he left, he wrote "Model", which has been passed down through the ages. I hope that Liu Chan's struggle for strength will still make people cry.

By the time of the Northern Expedition to Cao Wei, he was already the commander in chief. In case of improper use of personnel and delaying military aircraft, he bowed; Blame yourself and thank the people. After tears beheaded "exaggerated" and boastful Ma Su, he was seriously negligent and took full responsibility, saying that "he could not learn rules and regulations and was afraid of emergencies"; It was "poor appointment" that led to "too much sympathy", and he was demoted to the third grade as a punishment. He also issued "Persuade soldiers to attack their own religion", asking his subordinates to be diligent in criticism and point out his shortcomings and mistakes at any time. In August 234, Zhuge Liang died of overwork in Wuzhangyuan, Shaanxi (southwest of Qishan County), at the age of 54, and was buried in Dingjun Mountain. "But he died before he could conquer." Shu Han's army had to withdraw to Hanzhong. After inspecting Zhuge Liang's position, the arrogant Sima Yi had to admire him as "a genius in the world!"

Politically, Zhuge Liang put the country first and had no selfishness. Liu Chan was only 17 years old when Liu Bei entrusted orphans. He helped Liu Chan carefully, and often advised him not to "stop the road of loyal admonition". If "you refuse to remonstrate, loyal ministers dare not enter their plans, while evil ministers specialize in their own affairs and harm the country." He hoped that Liu Chan would pay attention to the "policy of accepting words". As the saying goes, "the way to govern the country is to know." Only in this way can we realize that "everything is its purpose, and many voices live in its ears." Otherwise, the whole country will "only compete for one person", and the consequences will be unimaginable. However, he himself "has a heavy responsibility but a light talent, so there are many omissions", so he needs to open his mind and encourage people to raise more different opinions. He doesn't allow his relatives to interfere in politics. Therefore, he "does the monarch's business without doubting the people", "acts strictly with the people's trust, and uses the people to do their best without complaining".

Zhuge Liang is also frugal in life. After my death, I really didn't let myself "have money inside and win money outside." When he was in Liu Chan, he once said: "There are 800 mulberries in Chengdu, with 15 hectares of barren land, and children have their own food and clothing." Zhuge Liang made many promises, which are very rare in the history of China. Zhuge Liang, a wizard of the ages, was respected by people for a long time because of his lofty morality, both politically and in running the army. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Li Kas, the general of Zhennan, arrived in Longzhong. "Look at the old house and set up a monument to show its shame." Before the Song Dynasty, there was a ancestral temple in Longzhong for people to sacrifice. In the Ming Dynasty, Xiangyang was fenced, but Shu was not seen. I took a fancy to Wolong and Fufeng in Longzhong, and took them as my own, destroying all the buildings in Zhuge Liang's former residence. The present Wuhou Temple was rebuilt during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, with brick and wood structure, overlapping eaves and tiles, and a courtyard in the middle. The main hall of 1958 has been repaired and has been well protected so far. The rubbings of "Hou Xiang of Hanwu" hanging in the center of the hall are sculptures in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. The statue of Zhuge Liang is enshrined in the back hall, which is really a "relic in the mountain, the posture of a dragon."

There is a quadrangle on the right side of Wuhou Temple, which was built in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty and named "Sangutang" to commemorate Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched cottage and Zhuge Liang's decision in Longzhong. There are statues of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Sangutang. The three Cooper trees in front of the door are said to belong to Liu, Guan and Zhang. There is no doubt that the raw materials are dead, and the existing ones have been planted by later generations.

Feng Zhiyun in the Tang Dynasty wrote in a poem: "The Wolong people are far away, and this place is still famous. The body should be the stars, and the heart period is long. The veteran remains the same, and Han Yan has lost its light. Fortunately, the adherents are here and advise you to plow. " When he wrote his poem, the thatched cottage was still intact, but now there is no trace for no reason, leaving only a bulging huge mountain bag. The hexagonal pavilion in front of the mountain bag was built by later generations and covered with red and green glazed tiles in Huang San, which somewhat compensated the interest of the thatched cottage.

On the left side of Cao Lu Pavilion, there is a well named Hexagonal Well, which is surrounded by stone railings. Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics said: "There was an ancient well in Zhuge's former residence in Longzhong, which has dried up now." This is the well. Wang Yueyong's poem "The Hexagonal Well" said: "One pulse of deep affection starts from Wolong, but pity fails to save time and effort. How many heroic tears in ancient and modern times are in this well. " Write your admiration and regret for Zhuge Liang! I hope that "the water is still as clear as a mirror" and I can always "see the loyalty of Wuhou".

198 1 year 1 year1October 20th, Beijing.