Experiences in reading Chinese classics

I took out the book of Chinese Studies from my schoolbag and opened it quietly. Looking at the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancients, a trace of pride surged into my heart. I couldn’t help but pick up the book of Chinese Studies, shaking my head and talking loudly. I started studying traditional Chinese studies. The following are related articles that I compiled and shared about my experience in reading Chinese classics. Welcome to read!!! After I came here, influenced by the environment, I read some books related to Chinese studies. Based on my own understanding and life experience, as well as some observations and feelings, I would like to communicate and report with you. Please correct me if I am inappropriate.

In our general sense, Chinese studies actually refer to the doctrines or thoughts of the three schools of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. Of these three schools, Confucianism has the most profound influence and the highest status, with the influence of "one numbering a hundred". Therefore, sometimes when we talk about Chinese studies, we also refer specifically to Confucianism. Today, I would like to briefly report to you my personal understanding of the three ideological doctrines of "Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism".

Let’s talk about Buddhism first. Buddhism originally had many classics, and the number was very large. The Diamond Sutra is the most famous, and it best embodies the core values ????of Buddhism. Later, Buddhism developed into Zen Buddhism, which emphasized "mind-to-mind understanding, heart-to-heart communication, and no writing." There were gradually fewer writings. Buddhism advocated "all dharmas are empty," which is what the monks in the TV series often talk about, "the four major elements are empty." Here is a story: When Hongren, the fifth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, was selecting his successor, he required each student to write a gatha, and then selected the best (similar to today's written examination). Among his many disciples, the most famous one is Shenxiu. How high is it? Because of his existence, other disciples voluntarily withdrew from the competition and abstained. Because we had known each other for a long time, everyone admired him very much. They felt that they were too far behind him in terms of cultivation and realm, so they didn’t write anything. In fact, Shenxiu was under a lot of pressure. He was given high hopes by everyone. What if he "failed" the exam? So he adopted an implicit approach. He did not directly write the gatha on paper and submit it to the teacher. , but wrote a poem on the wall of the temple at night, which is well-known to everyone: "The body is a bodhi tree, and the heart is like a mirror stand. I always brush it diligently to avoid causing dust." There is no signature after writing, but everyone knows it well. It was obviously written by him. The original intention of Shenxiu is good. He compares the body to the Bodhi tree, a sacred object in Buddhism, which is also a symbol of wisdom, because the Buddha Sakyamuni meditated and enlightened under the Bodhi tree and achieved the supreme enlightenment. The heart is like a mirror, you should always reflect on yourself and don't let selfish thoughts contaminate them. As a result, Master Hongren was not satisfied with what he saw. At that time, there was a monk in the temple who had just come from Guangdong. He had not yet been "officially hired" because he had not been officially ordained and was temporarily assigned to work in the kitchen. After reading it, he shook his head repeatedly and said, "Why do you think this poem is full of mistakes?" Buddhist scriptures say that you must "not be attached to things" (this "zhu" means "persistence"), and in this poem The tree, the platform, and the dust are all objects, so he asked someone to write for him (I couldn’t write, so I could only ask someone to write for him), and he also wrote a poem on the wall, which is the famous one: "Bodhi Edition" There is no tree, the mirror is not a stand, there is nothing in the first place, how can it cause dust?" This poem embodies the Buddhist scriptures that "no self, no one, no sentient beings, no lifespan", not only all External objects are empty, even your own body and mind are empty. There is nothing, so how can you get involved in dust? In the end, Master Hongren passed the mantle to this newcomer who had not yet become a full-time official and was doing odd jobs. Moreover, he was a monk who could not write. He was Huineng, who was called the "Sixth Patriarch of Zen" by later generations. Hongren regarded him as a "bodhisattva in the physical body" because the Diamond Sutra said: "If you see all forms that are not in form, you will see them." Tathagata", Huineng reached this state. It can be seen that Buddhism attaches great importance to the word "empty".

When I was a graduate student in Changsha, I once visited a famous local temple, Kaifu Temple. The temple was built in the Sui Dynasty and has a history of more than a thousand years. Changsha's " "Kaifu District" is named after this temple. There are still more than a hundred monks (all female nuns) in the temple, who practice strictly according to the traditional way.

At that time, I found a couplet on a pair of pillars in the corridor, which I found very interesting. The first couplet is: "The fish knocks down the moon on the blue lake, and it feels like it feels like it. It feels like it first and then it feels like it." The second couplet says: "The Dharma Bell breaks through the clouds at Lufeng. It is empty, empty, empty, empty and empty. It is always empty." I saw this couplet at that time because it had no punctuation and it was difficult to break up the sentences. I stood there thinking about it for a long time, and then slowly began to appreciate it again. Let’s get some taste: Zhaiyu and Dharma bell are both common magical instruments. According to current parlance, they should be called “percussion instruments.” Zhaiyu is relatively small and can be struck in the hand. The sound is light and floaty, and the sound is “juejuejuejue”. The pun is not only an onomatopoeia, but also reminds the monks not to memorize the scriptures by rote, but to understand the truth; when the Dharma bell is struck, the sound is powerful, and "empty, empty, empty, empty" is also an onomatopoeia, and it also reminds them to abandon distracting thoughts, and the four elements are empty. There is also another meaning. Zhaiyu is knocked at night when chanting sutras, and the sound is low to avoid disturbing the people. The moon has just "knocked down over the blue lake" here, that is, after reading the sutra all night, the morning bell rings again over there, marking the beginning of a new day. It started, reflecting the hard work of practice. To sum up, Buddhism is "doing nothing and doing something", which is the true transcendence and the real "inaction".

As for Taoism, the founder of Taoism is Laozi, and the classic left behind is the Tao Te Ching ", and another representative figure is Zhuangzi. He and Laozi are called "Laozi and Zhuangzi". There are several texts in our junior high school Chinese textbooks selected from the book "Zhuangzi". Compared with Buddhism, Taoism also advocates "inaction", such as "quiet inaction", "governing by inaction", etc. However, Taoism's inaction is false inaction, which is a means to "do something". In fact, it is "doing nothing". "Everything is done", in other words, it is called "doing nothing, doing something". A more famous phrase is called "advancing is like retreating". For example, when hitting someone, you must first withdraw your arm, so that the blow can be powerful. Historical allusions include the story of Zhang Liang in the Han Dynasty.

After Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, conquered the world, he was very happy. He rewarded meritorious officials, such as Han Xin, Xiao He, Peng Yue, etc., and they were all granted the title of marquis and prime minister, with a large fiefdom. When it was Zhang Liang's turn, Liu Bang was afraid that he would suffer a loss and reminded him to choose Qi State and feed 30,000 households. Zhang Liang firmly refused and chose to "stay" in this place, which is now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province. It should be said that Zhang Liang put a lot of effort into choosing this place as his fiefdom. First, this place was called "Peijun" in the Qin Dynasty. It was Liu Bang's hometown and the place where Liu Bang made his fortune. Everyone knows that Liu Bang once Known as "Pei Gong", he has great affection for this place; secondly, this place is also the place where Liu Bang first met Zhang Liang. The two met here and established a deep "revolutionary friendship". From then on, Zhang Liang He followed Liu Bang in his southern and northern wars and embarked on the "revolutionary road". Therefore, Zhang Liang's move showed that he did not forget Liu Bang's kindness and was loyal; the third point is very important. Peixian County is not rich in products. The area is very small and incomparable to Qi State. It is equivalent to what is now called an "old revolutionary area". It shows that it is law-abiding and allows Liu Bang to let down his guard. The subsequent results are all clear to everyone. The founding heroes mentioned just now, such as Han Xin, Xiao He, Peng Yue, Fan Li, Wen Zhong, etc., either died or escaped, and the ending was miserable. However, Zhang Liang was the only one to escape unscathed. Later, people It is said that Zhang Liang has become an immortal (I think he has become a spirit), which is also due to his wisdom of using advance before retreating.

Finally, let’s talk about our sage Confucius. Confucius is known as the "Dacheng Sage" by later generations. He is recognized as the founder of Confucianism. He was busy and hardworking all his life. He traveled around the country, wrote books, and took care of more than 3,000 students, including 72 "doctoral students" alone, which was very hard. There was a time in the past when people had some misunderstandings about Confucius. They thought that he traveled around the country and attacked in all directions, just to run for office and be obsessed with official career. In fact, it is not the case. After reading "The Analects", I have this feeling. Confucius's heart is full of benevolence and he cares about all the people in the world. He will do whatever is beneficial to the world and the people. He is an official. He just wants to have a greater future. Energy and space only "serve the people". Is there any basis for my view? Does Confucius want to be an official? Is there any relevant record in the Analects? The answer is yes.

In "The Analects of Confucius? Zihan", there is a dialogue between Zigong and Confucius:

Zigong said: "There are beautiful jade here, and you hide them in coffins? Do you ask for good people and sell them?" Zigong is indeed a businessman, and when he asks questions, he uses the metaphor of business. He asked his teacher Confucius, "There is a piece of beautiful jade here. Should I keep it in a cabinet? Or should I find a merchant who knows the goods and sell it?" In an implicit way, he raised the question of whether a talented person should enter politics. Who is Confucius? He understands it as soon as he hears it. How did he answer? Confucius said: "It's OK to sell it, it's OK to buy it. I treat Jia Zhizhi the same way." Confucius said: "Sell it, sell it, I This is just waiting to be sold by a discerning businessman. "

It can be seen that Confucius wanted to be an official. So, was he an "official fan"? Of course not. Because Confucius had a principle, or bottom line, for being an official. If he could not meet this condition, he would not become an official. This principle is "the state has its way", which means that the country's politics are clear and clear. "The Analects of Confucius? Xianwen" said: Confucius said: "If a country has the way, it has grain; if a country has no way, it has grain, which is shame." The "grain" here refers to the salary received from being an official, and it refers to being an official, that is, It is said that if the country's political environment is good, it is shameful to become an official. If the country's political environment is dark, it is shameful to become an official. "The Analects of Confucius? Tai Bo" said: "If the world has the Way, it will be seen; if there is no Way, it will be hidden. If the country has the Way, it will be shameful to be poor and humble; if the country has no way, it will be shameful to be rich and noble." This is also very true. It is clear that if the world is peaceful, you can become an official. If the world is not peaceful, you can become a hermit. If the country is well governed, but a talented person lives in poverty, it means that he has not played his due role, which is also shameful. In fact, Confucius also has another principle for being an official, which is "righteousness". Confucius said: "Being rich and noble without righteousness is like floating clouds to me. ("The Analects of Confucius")", that is to say, wealth without morality, Confucius It's dismissive.

Therefore, Confucius has a positive attitude towards world affairs and current situation. It can also be summarized as "taking action and doing something". Compared with "The Analects of Confucius" and "Tao Te Ching", both It is a subtle statement, rich in wisdom and philosophy, but I personally feel that the Analects of Confucius talks about "yang conspiracy", while the "Tao Te Ching" belongs to "conspiracy". Of course, the "yin" and "yang" I am talking about here refer to things. The nature of it is in no way meant to praise or criticize. Teacher Kong Fanyong also said at the book report meeting that the Analects of Confucius is like the Qian hexagram in the Book of Changes, which belongs to Yang; and the Tao Te Ching is like the Kun hexagram, which belongs to Yin. I think this is the meaning.

Our country is an ancient civilization with a history of five thousand years. The classics of Chinese studies are extensive and profound. Due to limited time, limited exposure, and more importantly, limited personal qualifications, we can only capture some small ones. Small snippets to share with you.

Finally, I would like to encourage everyone with a couplet written by Yao Wentian, the number one scholar in the Jiaqing year of the Qing Dynasty. The first couplet is "A family with hundreds of years in the world is nothing but accumulation of virtue", and the second couplet is "The first thing in the world." The best thing is to study", thank you all! Part 2 of the experience of reading Chinese classics

Confucius said: "Reviewing the past and learning the new can make you a teacher. When I was young, I always felt that Chinese studies were useless. What the ancients wrote, We still need to memorize. Every time the teacher teaches us, I always let my mind wander for a while. Now, as I grow up, I now realize that the unique beauty of Chinese studies is like tea. As long as If you taste it carefully, you will taste its wonder. And this kind of wonder is something that others don’t have.

Chinese traditional culture is a testimony to the profoundness and profoundness of our ancient people. The ancients used books to pass down all their wisdom. When you come to China, you have to see the Great Wall and appreciate its majesty. I think you also have to read Chinese studies. Guoxue is an academic inherent in our country. It contains traditional Chinese culture and academics with Confucianism as the main body. Isn't this just like the Great Wall? It is a unique testimony of China.

Of course, the articles on Chinese studies are sometimes a few sentences, and sometimes they are a whole article. I remember reading the article "The Peacock Flies Southeast" taught by the extracurricular teacher. The article is not too long. We studied it for a week, but it didn't make any difference at all. Feeling tired. During this week, we were deeply attracted by the content of the story. The writing style of the ancients was so smooth and beautiful, the wording was so incisive, and the poignant and beautiful plot moved us.

The principles of Chinese studies are clear, thorough, and full of philosophy, which is really admirable. Of course, the principles of Chinese studies are not only applicable to ancient times, but also to modern times. I believe that the principles of Chinese studies will always be practical. of.

Chinese studies have a wide range of applications. For example, when writing a composition, writing a few lines of Chinese studies at the end will instantly make the article full of poetry and make the whole article full of life. You can also say a few lines of Chinese studies when speaking. A Chinese sentence can not only express the meaning clearly, but also reflect a person's cultivation.

It was another sunny day. I took out the book "Chinese Studies" from my school bag and opened it quietly. Looking at the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancients, a trace of pride surged into my heart. I couldn't help but pick up the book "Chinese Studies". The book, while shaking his head and shaking his head, read Chinese traditional culture in a lively manner. A feeling of relaxation fills the whole body, and the mind becomes more and more full? Experience of reading Chinese classics Chapter 3

This book is divided into three units: frugality, self-confidence, and wisdom. Each unit It consists of four parts: classic essence, stories, life, practice and classic recitation. It not only contains famous quotes, but also includes people and events close to daily life, as well as selected readings from some popular works. Among them, such as "Who knew that every grain of food on the plate is hard work?", everyone has long been familiar with it. There are also others such as: "Every porridge and a meal should be remembered as hard-earned; half a thread, half a thread, constantly remembering the hardships of material resources" are also widely circulated among the people. . This book brings the essence of Chinese studies closer to people's daily lives, making it easier for primary and secondary school students to understand and remember, and to apply the teachings of sages in practical applications.

Reading this book not only made me understand some principles of life and norms of behavior, but also made me understand how to apply these principles in life. For example, "It is easy to go from frugality to luxury, but it is difficult to go from luxury to frugality", which is a warning to us to be diligent and frugal in our daily lives and not to be extravagant and wasteful. Another example is "It is better to rely on others than to rely on ourselves", which means that we should study hard from an early age, continuously increase our knowledge and talents, and enhance our independence; on the long road of life, we cannot always rely on our parents and others, but should Be self-reliant and self-reliant.

While the book "Classics of Chinese Studies" expands our reading, it also subtly shapes our thoughts and behaviors. , let the excellent classics of Chinese studies always accompany us to grow healthily, and let us inherit the profound and profound traditional Chinese culture with our own practical actions and carry it forward!