Tell us, unmarried cohabitants, what methods do you use for contraception? Do you use condoms?

Landlord, the only difference between unmarried cohabiting couples and couples is that married couples (if they have children) can use sterilization (such as ligation). ) to achieve a once-and-for-all contraceptive effect, while unmarried couples who live together can't, because they have to have children.

References:

Common contraceptives and their knowledge of use

First, oral short-acting contraceptives

First, the type:

Oral contraceptives 1, also known as compound norethindrone tablets.

Oral contraceptive pill No.2, also known as compound progesterone tablet.

Oral contraceptive tablets 0.

Compound 18 short-acting tablets, also known as compound norethindrone.

Second, the method of administration:

The usage of these four short-acting oral contraceptives is the same. Take one tablet every night before going to bed from the fifth day of menstrual cramps for 22 days. If you take 1 month, you can use contraception for one month. If you miss taking it, you should take one tablet in the morning and one tablet in the evening.

Third, matters needing attention:

1, drugs should be properly stored in a dry place. Deterioration, mildew, fragmentation and caking, and inedible drugs.

2, surnamed Shen, liver and kidney dysfunction, breast cancer and other diseases; Deep vein thrombosis; Cerebrovascular accidents, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and heavy smokers over 35 years old and under 35 years old are prohibited.

3. Pregnant older women must stop taking drugs for half a year to get pregnant.

4, nausea, discomfort, dizziness, drowsiness and other early pregnancy melons, light people do not need treatment, as long as they persist in taking them for two or three months, the melons will naturally disappear. Those with heavy melons can take vitamin B6 orally.

5. A few people have irregular vaginal bleeding during taking medicine. If it happens in the first half of menstruation, they should take 1-3 tablets of cyclosestriol every night and stop taking the medicine for 22 days. If it happens in the second half of menstruation, take it at the same time as the original contraceptive and stop taking it on the 22nd day. When an individual has amenorrhea for two consecutive months, other contraceptive methods can be used.

B, quick-acting oral contraceptives

It is suitable for couples who live apart in two places to visit relatives for a short time, also known as "visiting relatives medicine". Free from the restriction of menstrual cycle and visiting relatives, take medicine at any time as needed.

I. Types and uses:

1, visiting relatives contraceptive tablets 1, also known as progesterone tablets.

Usage: Take 1 tablet 4-8 hours before sexual intercourse, take 1 tablet at night, and then take one tablet every night for 14 days. 14 days later, you should take short-acting contraceptives instead.

2, methyl cyclic fast-acting contraceptive tablets. Also known as18-a quick-acting contraceptive.

Usage: Take one tablet every night from the day before sexual intercourse, 15 days. If you visit relatives for more than 15 days, start taking short-acting contraceptives from the sixteenth day. Those who visit relatives for less than ten days should take enough medicine for ten days.

No.3 and No.53 are anti-pregnancy

Usage: The woman takes one tablet immediately after visiting relatives for the first time, one tablet the next morning, and one tablet after each sexual intercourse, with a total amount of not less than 12 tablets per month. If she eats 12 tablets after visiting relatives, she will continue to take one tablet every day and insist on taking one tablet every day. Visiting relatives is extended, and you still need to take one tablet after the next sexual intercourse.

Contraindications, side effects and other treatments of the four drugs used for visiting relatives are basically the same.

Second, contraindications

Acute and chronic liver and kidney diseases, hypertension, diabetes, tumors, patients with severe venous thromboembolism, lactating women, those less than half a year after abortion and abdominal surgery are prohibited.

Third, the side effects and treatment

When a few people may reproduce nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, drowsiness and other early pregnancy melons after taking the medicine, those who have light melons do not need treatment, and those who have irregular bleeding can be given ethinyl estradiol tablets 1-2 for 3-5 days. Patients with amenorrhea can take short-acting contraceptive No.2 by injection or orally, 2 tablets a day for 3 days.

Long acting oral contraceptives

Oral contraceptives or injectable contraceptives for one month are called long-acting contraceptives.

I. Types and uses:

1 and compound 18 A long-acting oral contraceptive tablets, also known as norgestrel ethinyl estradiol tablets.

Usage: Take one tablet for the first time, starting from the fifth and 25th day of menstrual cramps, and then take 1 tablet on the second day of taking medicine every month.

Precautions:

1) It is generally better to take medicine at noon, because the reaction occurs about ten hours after taking the medicine.

2) Take anti-side effect tablets, 1-2 times a day, 1 tablet, 1-3 days before taking the medicine.

3) The rest are the same as short-acting oral drugs.

2. Contraceptive needle 1, also known as compound hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection.

Usage: On the fifth day of the first menstrual cramp, intramuscular injection of 2 ml. You can also inject 1 ml on the fifth and fifteenth day of menstrual cramps. From the second month, from the tenth day to the twelfth day of menstrual cramps, 1 ml was injected every month.

Precautions:

1) To get an injection on time, you should take the liquid out of the bottle and give it a deep intramuscular injection.

2) In case of menstrual changes, it can be handled in the following ways in time:

Prolonged menstruation. Take the contraceptive pill 1 or 2, 1-2 tablets every day to stop bleeding for four consecutive days.

Menstrual buckle bleeding. Add 0.0 125-0.025 mg ethinylestradiol tablets every day until the next injection date. If the bleeding time is close to the date of the next injection, there is no need to deal with it, and it can usually be stopped after injection.

The menstrual cycle is shortened. Take oral contraceptives 1-2 tablets every day for 4-5 days before each menstrual cramp to prolong menstrual period.

If the bleeding lasts for a long time after injection, take the contraceptive pill 1 or 2, 1-2 tablets every day for four days. Inject pills once a week after bleeding. After injection, take 1 1 day plus 1 or 2 contraceptives, and take 1-2 tablets daily for 4 consecutive days to prevent bleeding.

After the contraceptive injection, it is usually injected again about fourteen days. If amenorrhea occurs for two consecutive months, the injection should be stopped. After menstruation, calculate the first cycle and start injection again.

Second, contraindications:

Contraindications of long-acting oral contraceptives are the same as those of short-acting oral contraceptives, and long-acting contraceptive needles are prohibited for patients with liver and renal insufficiency and breast masses. Patients with uterine fibroids, hypertension, diabetes and other organic diseases should use long-acting contraceptive needles with caution.

external contraceptives

Nonoxynol outer membrane

Usage:

1. Wash your hands and take pictures every time you share a room. Fold it in half twice to make it a quarter of the original size, or knead it into a soft ball, and send the medicine film to the deep part of the vagina and cervix, and then have sex after four or five minutes.

2. Precautions:

1) The membrane is water-soluble, so it must be prevented from hardening when it meets water, and it will harden when it meets low temperature. It should be attached to the skin to keep warm before use.

2) A few people occasionally have side effects of local tingling or itching, which can disappear by washing with water after stopping taking medicine.

3) The vagina and cervix are damaged and should not be used.

condom

1, usage:

Before use, choose the appropriate model (large 54 mm, medium 52 mm, small 50 mm), exhaust the air in the front pocket, then put it on the erect penis head, and then push the rolled-up part to the penis root. After ejaculation should hold the condom before the penis is soft and contractive, and pull out the penis and condom together to avoid semen overflow.

2. Precautions:

1) If the condom falls off, breaks or leaks during use, stop sexual intercourse immediately, or take No.53 anti-pregnancy pill for three days.

2) If you are allergic to rubber, do not use it.

3) You must use a new condom every time you have sex.

D, subcutaneous embedding agent

Usage: Select the inner side of female upper arm, make a small skin incision of 0.2 under local anesthesia, and put the embedding agent into the skin in a fan-shaped arrangement from this small incision.

The drug release was 50ug/g at first, and decreased to 30ug/g after 1 year, and the effect could be maintained for 5 years.

Contraindications: patients with acute and chronic liver disease, nephropathy and tumor, patients with hyperthyroidism, severe hypertension and vaginal bleeding due to unexplained thrombotic diseases, patients with epilepsy, suspicious pregnancy and irregular menstruation, patients with frequent amenorrhea, those whose menstruation has not returned to normal after delivery or abortion, and lactating women over 45 years old are prohibited.

Precautions:

1) The surgical site was kept dry for 3 days.

2) Follow-up regularly to observe the curative effect and adverse reactions.

Side reaction treatment:

1, menstrual disorder, oral ethinylestradiol tablets, 0.05-0. 1 mg each time, three times a day, or oral short-acting contraceptive tablets 1 or No.2, one tablet a day, for 22 days.

2, amenorrhea, if there are no other symptoms, you don't have to deal with it.

3. A few women may have headaches and gain weight. If the symptoms are not serious, no treatment is needed. If the symptoms are serious, we should treat them symptomatically.

E, other ways

First of all, the most unsafe method

1, Interrupting sexual intercourse: success rate

Can a man control the explosion and escape of sperm? Hardly. Semen usually flows out of the urethral orifice a little before ejaculation, and each drop contains about 50 thousand sperm. This is enough to fertilize a woman's eggs. In the most tense stage of sprint, because of the pleasure of male attachment, it may be too late to pull away, and you may not feel the injected semen.

2, safe period contraception: success rate

Many women seem to trust the safe period, a purely "natural" contraceptive method, but before that, you must first understand your ovaries, that is, fully understand your ovulation cycle, understand the calculation method of the safe period, and ensure that you have great patience and ensure that you have no sex outside the safe period, otherwise the "safe period" will be just empty talk to you. In addition, many factors will interfere with our bodies now, such as emotional tension, environmental changes, stress and so on.

The latest research in the west found that sperm can live in vagina for up to 8 days. However, due to individual differences, the survival time of eggs varies from 3 days to 10 days. In other words, in fact, it is possible to get pregnant from 8 days before ovulation to 10 days after ovulation, but the probability is low. Therefore, it is very unreliable to calculate the safe period of contraception.

The use of safe period contraception can not only refer to the day of the last menstrual cramp. I suggest you record your menstrual cycle in the second half of the year first, so as to know your menstrual regularity. I can't believe the vague concept of "one week before and after menstruation". You can't simply use the safe period calculation method for contraception in the short term after using emergency contraception. The calculation of safe period contraception does not apply to women whose menstrual cycle is less than 2 1 day, more than 35 days, postpartum or lactation.

Second, the most unhealthy way.

1, abstinence: success rate 100%

Although the success rate is high, losing all the fun is not necessarily good for health.

2, menstrual contraception: success rate

Maybe most people don't get pregnant during menstruation, but what if you are in the minority? Don't forget, sperm can live in the vagina for 8 days.

Another reason why experts disapprove of menstrual sexual life is that it will increase the incidence of endometriosis. In addition, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is also related to it. In addition, menstrual sexual life may also increase the amount of bleeding in women, thus increasing the possibility of anemia.

3, breastfeeding: success rate

After delivery, sucking the nipple can reflexively inhibit the mother's hypothalamus, thus inhibiting ovarian ovulation. However, this method is also unreliable, because if the baby sucks less nipples, the milk secretion is reduced, the milk concentration is reduced, or breastfeeding is stopped, or the maternal is affected by the environment, climate, emotional changes and sexual life, and the inhibitory effect of prolactin on gonadotropin is weakened, the ovary will recover from the static state during breastfeeding, and the mature eggs will be discharged, and the menstrual cycle will gradually recover. According to the survey, 5%- 10% pregnant women get pregnant inexplicably during lactation.

Third, the most fashionable way.

1, contraceptive patch: the contraceptive rate is 92%-99.7%.

This is a preparation that plays a contraceptive role through skin absorption and drug controlled release system. Its biggest advantage is that it is more convenient to use, and the drug concentration in the body is controlled at a relatively low and stable level, thus avoiding the side effects caused by high drug concentration that many women are worried about, such as obesity and gastrointestinal reaction, and achieving the purpose of long-term contraception.

2. Menstrual regulator and menstrual cycle: The contraceptive rate was 99.7%.

Menstrual regulators have broken the tradition that pregnancy is an absolute contraindication to contraceptives. When a woman's menstruation is overdue for a few days, taking this medicine can induce menstrual cramps, and even if she is pregnant, she can naturally abort an early embryo. The main components of menstruation are low-dose estrogen and progesterone. As long as you continue to take pink active pills for 84 days, you can continue to take placebos to meet your menstrual needs. In this way, besides contraception, women's menstruation can be changed to four times a year. This is undoubtedly good news for women who suffer from dysmenorrhea and anemia due to excessive menstrual blood.

1. Condoms are the best choice for male contraception.

The success rate is above 95%, which can avoid the spread of diseases and will not bring adverse effects on men's health. Quality problems and improper use methods may lead to failures.

2. IUD: The success rate is 94%-99%.

At present, 654.38+56 billion women in the world use IUD for contraception, and 70% of women of childbearing age in Shanghai use IUD. This is because the IUD is a long-term contraceptive method with simple operation. After wearing it, the contraceptive effect can reach about 5- 10 years, and no foreign body will be felt in the body. In addition, IUD will not interfere with and participate in the secretion of hormones.

However, in case of genital malformation or tumor, severe dysmenorrhea or menorrhagia, pelvic inflammatory disease, gonorrhea and severe anemia, heart disease, ectopic pregnancy history, etc., it is not appropriate to wear intrauterine devices. When the IUD is placed for the first time, there is also the possibility of pregnancy. Therefore, other contraceptive methods should be taken at the same time one to two months after the removal of the ring to ensure the safety of 100%.

V. The most unacceptable way

1, subcutaneous implantation: contraceptive success rate was 99.9%.

Cut a half centimeter incision under the skin of the upper arm and insert 2 or 6 small stick contraceptives in a fan shape. Once implanted, it can last for more than 5 years. But a considerable proportion of women will have irregular menstruation. If you plan to have children in a few years, you'd better not.

2. External spermicide: the success rate is 70%-80%

There are many spermicides: foam, emulsion, gel, solution and suspension. Before sex, rub the medicated membrane into a ball and put it into the vagina, and it will work after dissolution. Usually, it is used in combination with other contraceptive methods such as condoms or oral contraceptives.

Sixth, oral contraceptives are a good choice.

The advantages of female oral contraceptives are concentrated.

In addition to lactating women, healthy women can choose oral contraceptives for contraception.

Efficiency, reliability and safety are the biggest advantages of female oral contraceptives. If you can take it regularly, the contraceptive rate is above 99%.

Reversible, simple and easy-pregnancy can be resumed after drug withdrawal, which is more suitable for couples who still have birth plans. Generally, you should be pregnant after stopping taking drugs for half a year.

◆ Valuable therapeutic effect-If you have menstrual disorder, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and other discomforts, it is more appropriate to choose short-acting contraceptives 1 No.2, because it can reduce menstrual flow and relieve dysmenorrhea. In addition, oral contraceptives can effectively treat endometriosis pain and prevent ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer.

◆ When other contraceptive methods are ineffective, you can also take compound oral contraceptives for emergency contraception.

Know yourself and choose the contraceptive that suits you.

The main components of female oral contraceptives are progesterone and estrogen, which can achieve contraceptive effect by inhibiting ovulation or preventing fertilized eggs from implantation. According to the length of the drug effect and the different ways of taking it, it can be divided into three types: long-acting, short-acting and quick-acting.

◆ Short-acting oral contraceptives

There are three short-acting oral contraceptives: oral contraceptive 1 (norethindrone), oral contraceptive No.2 (compound progesterone tablets) and oral contraceptive No.0, and the first two are commonly used. The administration method of these three drugs is: from the fifth day of menstrual cycle (that is, the fifth day of menstrual cramps), take 1 tablet every night for 22 days, generally.

Note: If you still have menstruation 7 days after stopping taking the medicine, you should start taking the medicine for the next cycle from that day. If you stop taking medicine for more than 2 months, you should stop taking medicine and check the causes of menopause.

If you miss it, you must take 1 tablet the next morning to avoid contraceptive failure or breakthrough bleeding;

Drugs should be stored in a dry place to avoid deliquescence or falling off of the sugar coating of tablets, resulting in insufficient dosage and affecting contraceptive requirements.

◆ Long-acting oral contraceptives

Compound 18- norethindrone hydrochloride tablets, compound 16- methylene chloride progesterone tablets, long-acting contraceptives 1. Long-acting contraceptives generally take one tablet a month to be effective. The usage of compound 18 long-acting contraceptive is: take 1 tablet after lunch on the fifth day of menstrual cycle, and take 1 tablet every 28 days thereafter; Compound 16 A is taken 1 tablet after lunch on the fifth day of menstrual cycle, once every 20 days, and then every 30 days. Generally, menstruates from the 6th day to12nd day after taking medicine. Long-acting 1 take 1 tablet on the fifth day of menstrual cycle, take 1 tablet after 20 days, and take 1 tablet every 30 days thereafter.

◆ Quick-acting oral contraceptives

Quick-acting oral contraceptives are mainly suitable for couples living apart in two places to visit relatives temporarily for a short time, so they are also called family visiting contraceptives, including norethindrone tablets, norethindrone tablets, family visiting contraceptives 1 No.53, methadone tablets and chloroether tablets. The taking time of visiting relatives contraceptive is not limited by menstrual period, but the way of taking each medicine is different: No.65438, take one pill at noon or at night on the day of visiting relatives and living together, and then take one pill every night until the end of visiting relatives, and then take another pill the next morning. Take it continuously for no more than one month, and use it twice a year at most;

No.53, take 1 tablet after each sexual intercourse and 1 tablet in the morning after the first sexual intercourse; Take norethindrone tablets for visiting relatives, and take 1 tablet every day after visiting relatives for at least 10 days. Those who have not finished visiting relatives after taking 14 days can continue to take short-acting contraceptives 1 or 2.

Expert advice:

◆ Some women have some side effects after taking oral contraceptives: similar to early pregnancy reaction, bleeding, amenorrhea or decreased menstrual flow, increased leucorrhea, stomachache, headache, rash and so on. Some symptoms will disappear naturally after taking oral contraceptives for 2-3 months, or recover spontaneously after stopping taking them. If you feel unwell, you'd better go to the hospital, listen to the doctor's advice and treat the symptoms.

◆ Failure to take medicine strictly as required, missing medicine or taking medicine at incorrect time will lead to contraceptive failure.

If you take other drugs at the same time, it will also lead to contraceptive failure: antispasmodics, such as hypnotics; Anti-tuberculosis drugs, such as rifampicin; Antibiotics, etc. So you should explain the situation to the doctor and take the medicine under the guidance of the doctor.

◆ Oral contraceptives are prohibited for patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, nephritis, malignant tumor, breast lump and diabetes.

◆ Patients with hematological diseases and hypertension do not need or use oral contraceptives with caution.

◆ People with oligomenorrhea or a history of thromboembolism should use oral contraceptives with caution.

◆ Not suitable for lactating women. After abortion, it is best to take birth control pills after menstrual cramps.

◆ Women with smoking hobbies should use contraceptives with caution or adopt other contraceptive methods.

Four indicators for measuring normal menstruation

After puberty, girls begin to "visit" regularly like old friends, but many girls may not know whether menstruation is normal. Might as well use the following four indicators to measure:

Cycle Every woman's menstrual cycle is different, ranging from 2 1 to 35 days, and some people menstruate once every 40 days. But as long as it is regular, it is normal. When girls have menarche, because the ovarian function is not perfect, the menstrual cycle will be disordered and irregular at first, which is not a pathological phenomenon.

The menstrual period of menstruating women is about 3~7 days, and the maximum amount of bleeding is concentrated in the first 3 days, and then gradually decreases until the menstrual blood is clean. It is normal for some people to come back a day or two after their menstrual blood is clean, commonly known as "menstrual blood return" But some people have menstrual period 10~20 days, and their menstruation is endless; Some menstrual periods are extremely short and just "flash by". Neither of these phenomena is normal.

Women's menstrual flow varies from person to person, generally 20~85 ml is normal. If there is too much menstrual blood, it will get wet soon after changing sanitary napkins, and even menstrual blood will drip down your legs, which is not normal. Excessive menstrual blood for a long time can cause anemia, so find out the reason and seek medical advice in time.

Menstrual blood with normal color is dark red, sticky and without blood clots. If menstrual blood is as thin as water, pink, black or purple, or completely blood clots, it is not normal. You should see a doctor as soon as possible.