High score! Talk about your understanding of the artistic conception of "being on the water side" ..

The Book of Songs, National Style and Qin Feng

The white dew is frost. The riverside reeds are blue and green, and the dew condenses into frost in late autumn.

the so-called Iraqis are on the water side. The person I miss day and night is on the other side of the river.

if you follow it, the road will be blocked and long; Looking upstream, the road is dangerous and long.

swim upstream from it and swim in the middle of the water. Looking for it downstream, it seems to be in the middle of the water.

it's sad, but the white dew is still wet. The reeds along the river are lush, and the dew has not dried in the morning.

the so-called Iraqis are in the water. My haunted man is on the other side of the river.

if you follow it, the road will be blocked and broken; Looking upstream, the road is bumpy and difficult to climb.

swim from it, and swim in the water. Looking for it downstream, it seems to be in the middle of the sandbar.

after the harvest, the white dew has not disappeared, the reeds along the river are more lush, and the white dew still stays in the morning.

the so-called Iraqis are in the water. My bitter pursuer is on the other side of the river.

if you follow it, the road is blocked and right; Looking upstream, the road is dangerous and circuitous.

swim upstream from it and swim in the water. Looking for it downstream, it seems to be a sandbar in the water.

A brief comment

"Acacia was written in ancient times, but there was no Jia Jian."

the so-called lovesickness, look at it but not, see it but not ask for it; Although you work hard and ask for it, you will never get it. So faint feelings, overflow between words. I smell string songs, and the strings stop and the echoes are in my ears; Today, after reading "Jia Jian", the article stops and the rest of the feelings do not leave.

a reed, a reed, floats with the wind, but stops at its roots. If it floats, if it stops, if it has something, if it doesn't. My thoughts are infinite, wandering in a trance, and I am worried about my roots. Root, love also. Acacia is nothing more than love. Exposed as a thing, it disappears in an instant. Buddha says: Everything has its way, like a dream bubble. If dew is also like electricity, it should be viewed this way; Love is a thing, illusory and shapeless. Zhuangzi said, "Happiness comes out of emptiness, and steam it into bacteria.". It makes sense. Frost is condensed by dew. Soil, gas and body fluid are born from the ground, and when it is thin and cold, it becomes frost. You can't get a beautiful woman, so acacia is very beneficial and its feelings are strong. Therefore, it is called "not yet" and "not yet". Although you can't get it, you will suffer. Don't ask for pain, love don't leave it! The most bitter of this lovesickness is also!

the so-called Iraqi people are tied by affection. However, on the water side, I don't know where it is. Jia Changjiang has a poem: "but toward which corner of the mountain, how can I tell, through all these clouds?." If a husband is happy, he must ask for it, so although he doesn't know where he is, he wades through it. It is called "back to the back", and it is called "back to the back", and it is also up and down. Moreover, the road is tortuous and difficult to find, which is really a "above, he searched the Green Void, below, the Yellow Spring". But finally "but he failed, in either place, to find the one he looked for", the pursuers, but the phantom clouds, hidden mirror flowers, will not be available.

Acacia is beneficial, like a shadow in front, reaching out and touching it, but out of reach. The phrase "Wan is in the middle of the water" is as long as the sound of a broken string. Idiot? Dreams? Every time I read this, I can't help but rejoice, sigh, complain and cry!

writing background

Jia Jian is selected from The Book of Songs? National wind? Qin Feng, a folk song, was born in Qin about 255 years ago.

There have always been different opinions about the content of this poem. To sum up, there are three main arguments: First, the theory of "stabbing Xiang Gong". "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "Jia Jian, stab Xiang Gong also. If you can't use Zhou Li, you will not be able to consolidate your country. " Su Dongtian, a modern man, explained the meaning in the Book of Songs: "The so-called Yiren (the sage) on the water side is a metaphor for the ritual system of the Zhou Dynasty. If you run the country against the rites of rites, it will be' obstruction and long',' umbilical' and' right', which means that there is no way to go and there is no cure. If you obey the rites of rites, you will be in the middle of the water and low in the water. "Give way in the water" means that there is hope for governing the country. "The second is" recruiting talents ". Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs and Fang Yurun's Primitive Book of Songs all say that it is a poem to attract sages, and "Yiren" means "sage": "sage lives in seclusion on the waterfront, but people want to see it." Or: "Seek escape and seclusion not by its way, and the hermit avoids it." The third is the "love" theory. Today, Lan Juyou, Yang Renzhi, Fan Shuyun, Gao Ting and Lu Huiwen all hold the theory of "love songs". For example, Lu Huiwen said: "This is a love song, and the poet is in trouble because the lover he pursues is beyond his reach. It is an implicit metaphor to say that the river is blocked. "

Because the skill of this poem cannot be verified, and the reference of "Iraqi people" in the poem is also difficult to be trusted, it is difficult to make a final conclusion on the above three theories. Here, let's just interpret it as a love poem.

Jia Jian belongs to Qin Feng. In Zhou Xiaowang, Fei Zi, the ancestor of Qin, was sealed in Qin Valley (now Tianshui, Gansu). When Ping Wang moved to the east, Qin Xianggong got a large fief to the west of Qishan for sending troops to escort him. Later, Qin gradually moved eastward, all in Yong (now Xingping, Shaanxi). Qin area includes the area from Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province to southeastern Gansu Province. Qin Feng * * * ten articles, mostly folk songs in this area in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Hierarchical structure

This poem has three overlapping chapters, and each chapter can be divided into four levels:

The first two sentences start with a picture of autumn colors on the river: late autumn morning, autumn waters are dense, reeds are green, dew is bright, and crystal is like frost. This realm is slightly sad and sad in the emptiness and loneliness, so it plays a good role in rendering the atmosphere and setting off the mood for the persistent pursuit and elusive love expressed in the poem.

The third and fourth sentences show the central image of the poem: the lyric hero strolls by the river, gazing at the "Yiren" on the other side of the river. This "Iraqi" is the one he misses day and night. "On the water side" is isolated, which means that the pursuit is difficult, resulting in an unattainable realm. Although the lyrical hero looks forward to the autumn water and pursues it persistently, the "Iraqi people" are separated from each other. It is hard to see, so there are helpless feelings and empty and melancholy feelings in the poem.

The following four sentences are two levels in parallel, which are descriptions of two different scenarios on the water side. "Follow the hole and follow it, and the road is long." This is the dilemma when describing the pursuit against the current: the difficulties and obstacles are endless, the journey is endless, and the sign can't be reached. "Follow it and swim in the middle of the water" is the illusion of tracing downstream: the journey is smooth everywhere, and Iraqis are always there, but they can't get close at last. Both upstream and downstream, pursuing in every way, the meaning of persistence can be seen; Either the dilemma is difficult to reach or the illusion is difficult to approach. After all, it is impossible, and the deeper the feelings of fear. At this point, the situation that Iraqis can't dream of has been shown concretely and fully.

There are three chapters in the whole poem, and only a few words are changed in each chapter, which not only plays the artistic effect of repeating chapters and sentences, chanting repeatedly and singing three sighs, but also plays a role in continuously promoting poetry. From "white dew is frost" to "white dew is limonene" and then to "white dew is not over", this is the passage of time, symbolizing the long time for the lyric hero to stare and pursue; From "on the water side" to "in tears", to "in the water", from "in the middle of the water", to "in the water" and then to "in the water", this is a change of location, which symbolizes the elusive Iraqi people; From "road resistance and long" to "road resistance and economic" and then to "value resistance and right", it is to repeatedly render the difficulty of the pursuit process to highlight the indomitable spirit of the lyric hero. It is a common expression of folk songs in the Book of Songs to repeat chapters and sentences and promote them layer by layer.

content review

if the "Iraqi people" in the poem are identified as lovers, then this poem shows the lyrical hero's persistent pursuit of beautiful love and his melancholy mood. Spirit is precious, feelings are sincere, but the result is slim and the situation is sad.

however, the most valuable and fascinating thing in this poem is not the pursuit and loss of the lyric hero, but his creation of "being on the water side", which is the artistic conception with universal significance. Good poetry can create artistic conception. Artistic conception is a pattern and a structure, which has the performance of containing all heterogeneous things with similar patterns and similar structures. The structure of "on the water side" is: pursuers-rivers-Iraqis. Because the "Iraqi" in the poem has no specific reference, and the meaning of the river lies in the barrier, all the pursuits that are difficult to achieve because of being blocked in the world can be isomorphic and sympathetic here.

from this point of view, we might as well understand the poetry of Jia Jian as a symbol, and regard "on the water side" as an artistic paradigm to express all the difficult situations in social life. The "Iraqis" here can be talents, friends, lovers, achievements, ideals, prospects, and even blessed land, sacred land, and fairyland; The "river" here can be high mountains and deep ravines, patriarchal clan system and ethical code, or any other obstacles that may be encountered in real life. As long as there is pursuit, obstruction and loss, it is the world of its reappearance and expression. In this way, the ancients interpreted Jia Jian as persuading people to follow the rites of rites, recruit talents and cherish people. Today, people regard it as a love poem, and even some people regard it as an ancestor worship ceremony of ancient people. I am afraid there is some truth. It seems that it is not appropriate to stick to one and reject the others, because they are all contained in the symbolic meaning of "being on the water side".

naturally, when we are in a situation similar to "on the other side of the water", we should appreciate its keen pursuit, not its pessimism and disappointment.

This poem creates a hazy, fresh and mysterious artistic conception with images of water, reeds, frost and dew. The morning mist covers everything, and the crystal dew has condensed into frost. A shy girl walked slowly. The image of water in the poem represents women and embodies the beauty of women, and the thin fog is like a veil covered by a girl. She appeared at the water's edge, and then at the water's continent. I can't find it, and my anxious and helpless mood itches like an ant crawling, and it hurts like a knife. As we often say, "distance produces beauty", this beauty becomes hazy, fuzzy and unclear because of distance. The identities, faces and spatial positions of the protagonist and the Iraqi people are vague, giving people a vague, looming and hazy feeling. Jianjia, Bailu, Yiren and Qiushui are more and more elusive, forming a hazy and elegant watercolor painting. At the beginning of each chapter of the poem, the brushwork of seeing interest in fu is adopted. Through the description and admiration of the real scene in front of me, I painted an ethereal artistic conception, which enveloped the whole article. The poet grasps the unique characteristics of autumn colors, and does not hesitate to paint and render the empty and sad atmosphere in late autumn repeatedly, so as to express the poet's feeling of being disappointed but ardently longing for his friends. The first two sentences of each chapter of the poem are all inspired by autumn scenery, which leads to the text. It not only points out the season and time, but also renders the desolate atmosphere, which sets off the melancholy mood of the characters and achieves the artistic situation of combining feelings with scenes. The images of "Jia Jian", "Shui" and "Yi Ren" complement each other and are integrated, and the things that are used for fun and the objects to be described form a complete artistic world. At the beginning, I wrote the scene of reeds growing on the water's edge in autumn, which is exactly "expressing the image to show the meaning" and has the function of "arousing feelings". Because of the reeds, and under the reflection of the sky and water, it is bound to present a state of confusion, which shows the realm of "hazy love" in the hero's heart from one side. Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "Those who care about the situation are self-interested, and they are self-interested. Although the scene is divided into mind and matter. Scenery gives birth to emotion, emotion gives birth to scenery, touches sorrow and joy, welcomes glory and strain, and hides each other's houses. "The poem" Jia Jin "is to combine the unique scenery in late autumn with the euphemistic and melancholy lovesickness feelings of the characters, thus rendering the atmosphere of the whole poem and creating an artistic conception of catching up with fans and blending scenes. It is precisely" all scenery and words are sentimental " In a word, the rich aesthetic feeling of the poem "Jia Jian" deserves our attention and serious discussion, whether from the perspective of appreciation or creation.

artistic features

Jia Jian is one of the best chapters in the Book of Songs. Its main characteristics are embodied in three closely related aspects: the fact is blurred, the image is ethereal and the whole symbol.

First, the blurring of facts

Generally speaking, the creation of lyric poetry is based on the feelings of specific things, so there are always some real personnel scenes in its artistic conception. However, the author seems to deliberately blur all the main events in it. Who is the seeker? What did he pursue? We don't know; What is the identity of the pursued "Iraqi"? Why is he so hard to get? We do not know; Even if they are male or female, it is impossible to confirm. In particular, "Iraqi" has no voice, appearance or physical appearance. For a while, he is in the upper reaches of the river, the lower reaches of the river, the middle of the water, and the grass by the water. He is erratic and elusive, which makes people doubt whether he really exists. Undoubtedly, because the pursuer, especially the pursued one, is vague, the whole pursuit of characters, events and contents becomes illusory. However, it is precisely because of this fact that the artistic conception of poetry is so ethereal and symbolic.

second, the ethereal image

in fact, the scene described in the poem is not the real person, but a kind of mind. This kind of mental image is not a memory of a real thing that I have experienced, but a typical psychological situation that is synthesized, condensed and blurred by many similar events and feelings. The biggest feature of this psychological situation is that it is not sticky, ethereal and rich. "On the water side" is the artistic manifestation of this ethereal psychological situation. Here, due to the blurring of the pursuer and the pursued, the rivers and roads that seem to be real scenery, as well as the upstream and downstream pursuit routes, and the "water center" where Yiren is located, have also become virtual symbolic images. We can't delve into them when and where, what rivers and mountains are, otherwise, the Iraqis are contradictory both in the upper and lower reaches of the river, and it becomes a problem why even two people don't cross the river. The success of "Jia Jian" lies in the poet's accurate grasp of people's mental image, creating a psychological situation that looks like a flower but not a flower, which makes the artistic conception of the poem present as a holistic symbol.

Third, the overall symbol of artistic conception

The symbol of poetry is not the use of symbolic figures of speech or techniques in a certain word or sentence, but the overall symbol of artistic conception. "Being on the water side" is a common situation in life, so is the dilemma of "going back and forth from it, but the road is blocked and long" and the illusion of "going back and forth from it and being in the middle of the water". People may often be excited by the pursuit. The baptism of a complete emotional flow, from blocked troubles to lost melancholy, is more likely to be often affected by the emotional impact of how painful it is to fight against the current or how happy it is to go downstream; Readers can think of the situation of love and the experience of arousing love from here, and also think of the situation of ideals, careers and future and arouse many life experiences from here. The overall symbol of artistic conception makes it really have an inexhaustible philosophical meaning of life. Wang Guowei once compared this poem with Yan Shu's "recent love", "Last night, the west wind turned blue.