On apple bud carving

1. Bud time: According to the growth law of apple trees, it is about two time periods. One is to make long strips. When you make a long tip, you should make it a quarter earlier. Try to carve long strips around the vernal equinox (mid-March), which can increase the number of branches, increase the number of branches and expand the crown. There is also a time period before and after Qingming. However, the specific time of budding should be flexibly adjusted according to different phenological periods in different places.

Note: According to different phenological periods, it is better to bud in time according to local conditions.

2. The function of bud carving: transverse interception, gathering nutrition, promoting the rapid development of new shoots of buds, and achieving the management index of high quality and high yield.

Note: Bud carving can promote or inhibit bud germination.

3. Operation method: according to the orientation of the buds on the branches, cut the cortex horizontally (or vertically) with a small hacksaw before or after the buds. The middle trunk and newly planted seedlings should be carved early and re-carved early, and cut through the cortex and reach the xylem directly before germination, which will intercept nutrients and promote long hair. Late carving (before and after Qingming Festival), before the bud, it cuts through the cortex and reaches the xylem, intercepting nutrition, promoting short branches and easily forming flower buds. In order to inhibit its growth, the back bud cuts through the cortex and reaches the xylem after the bud to inhibit its growth.

Note: It is advisable to cut phloem to the depth of xylem.

4. Bud carving skill center is involved in newly planted young trees: early carving and re-carving. According to the density of buds, dense places should be properly spaced, and bud carving is not allowed. The distance between distant places should be small, and the branches should be extended to expand the crown (the first to fourth buds grow vigorously under the extension head of the central trunk, and the second, third and fourth buds are easy to form competitive branches, so it is necessary to carve flowers after the buds to weaken their growth).

Central trunk line: every two quarters

Central trunk: the second, third and fourth buds below the top of the central trunk, carved after the buds.

Annual branches: base 10 cm, tip 15 cm, all the buds in the middle and both sides of anticline are carved forward, and the buds on the back are carved backward, which is beneficial to scattered and relaxed growth, promotes short branches, and is easy to form flower buds in combination with ring cutting.

Annual branches: base 10 cm without carving.

Annual branch: branch top 15 cm.

Annual branches: carved in the middle and both sides of anticline.

For temporary auxiliary branches: on the basis of slow release, more buds are carved, accounting for 80% of the total, more short branches are promoted, and the combination of ring cutting, branch pulling and vigorous control is easy to flower, and the dense parts will be drained in time after fruiting.

Temporary auxiliary branches (within 60 cm from the ground): carve more buds, and then sparse after fruiting.

For trunk branches: carve buds at intervals of more than three minutes, accounting for 50% of the total buds, so as to promote the sprouting of branches, control the thickening and form long-term fruit-bearing branches.

Backbone branch: the amount of buds carved every three minutes accounts for 50% of the total buds.

Perennial bald part: in order to ensure that the branches can be drawn, you can brush the "substitute bud carving" first, and then re-carve the buds before the buds, so that you can draw the branches to make up for the vacancy.

Perennial baldness: Bud carving needs to be re-carved.

5. Precautions: ① Only by mastering the time, technology and quantity of bud grafting, paying attention to the combination of bud grafting, branch pulling and ring cutting, and water-soluble fertilizer with medium nitrogen and high phosphorus can we achieve the goal of rapid molding, early fruiting, high yield and high efficiency.

② You can also use "substitute bud carving" 1:5 times, add silica gel synergist for directional spot coating, and apply temporary auxiliary branches to combine directional clockwork.

(3) Branches with short branches and many flowers should be cut and controlled in time when they sprout about 5 cm. The branch group should be cut 2-3 times, and the fine branch should be cut 1-2 times, usually in the middle and late May. Combined with branch pulling, it can effectively promote flower bud formation, early fruiting, high yield and high efficiency.

Choose a serrated big bud saw.

(4) The carving knife or saw blade should be dedicated and disinfected frequently to avoid infection during carving. When choosing, you should choose a bud carving saw with large sawtooth, and the sawtooth of a small hacksaw is too small, which is easy to affect the operation.

⑤ If the workload is heavy, you can use "substitute bud carving" 1:50 times to spray, which saves labor, time and efficiency.