Hero Captain He Zhong Ping is dead. How much effort does it take to train a captain?

"Sichuan 8633, please answer when you hear it" is a very touching sentence in the film.

Captain's National Day movie broke through 65.438+0.5 billion box office in six days. It became the 70th movie in China's film history, with a box office of 654.38+0 billion. Netizens laughed and said that it was just a gift for the 70th anniversary.

Everyone learned from the movie what happened to the aviation accident of Sichuan Airlines 3U8633, and let more people realize how great the taciturn captain is.

The captain has the highest legal status and supreme power in flight, and bears the most direct and ultimate responsibility for the safety of aircraft and passengers in aviation activities.

There are many captains in China. How is a qualified captain tempered? How ordinary daily work breeds heroes?

He Chao, the captain of China Eastern Airlines who successfully avoided the collision of two planes at Hongqiao Airport three years ago, revealed the secret to us.

He Chao successfully handled the "10 1 1" dangerous approach incident, ensuring the life safety of 443 passengers and crew of two planes and becoming a "hero captain" in everyone's mouth.

He Chao went out to work as usual In the community, he took a picture of the sky and made a circle of friends. "It's a nice day today, and it's blue."

After arriving at the company, he prepared for the flight according to the process, and everything was as usual. He Chao had no premonition of what would happen next.

1 1: 54, He Chao received instructions from the tower to fly A320.

12: 03, the crew entered the 36L runway after performing the pre-departure checklist.

12: 04, tower command runway 36L can take off. Captain He Chao took off after confirming that the runway was clear, but when the taxiing speed of the plane reached 200 kilometers per hour, He Chao found an A330 on his right side preparing to cross the runway of 36L- 18RP.

Subsequently, the crew immediately asked about the tower. He Chao observed and confirmed that A330 was crossing the runway, and the speed had reached 240 kilometers per hour.

At this point, He Chao has two choices: stop loss or pull up.

In just two seconds, with solid flying skills and years of experience, he judged that the latter was a safer way. "I pulled the throttle and pulled the plane up."

The A320 plane flew over the A330, and 443 passengers and crew on both planes escaped.

Afterwards, He Chao also analyzed whether his decision at that time was sound and repeatedly thought about the experience and lessons. He Chao believes that the ability to deal with emergencies this time comes from daily training, not epiphany.

He Chao recalled his first flight as a co-pilot when interviewed by A Traveler. "I was so excited that I could finally come in handy."

But in the first month, He Chao could only learn from his class and understand the problems in the flight of the plane, and then he began to actually control the plane.

After all, it's a real guy, and you'll still be nervous when you first get started. Simulator usually trains some abnormal subjects, and has particularly complicated fault handling. The flight rhythm is very fast, but the real flight is very smooth.

But this contrast makes He Chao more nervous. Different from the simulator, mistakes or improper operation in training are reprimanded by teachers at most, which increases the training volume, but airlines mainly transport passengers, which is related to the safety of real life. This invisible pressure is what the pilot must bear at the moment of boarding.

He Chao has flown 14000 hours, and the cumulative distance can circle the earth 270 times. 15 years of driving experience, he is a tight string, whether he is performing a flight mission by himself or serving as a simulated flight instructor.

2950 hours before becoming a captain is a long process. 250 hours of flight academy training and 2700 hours of co-pilot training are prerequisites.

He Chao, the captain of A320 who flew around the earth 270 times and accumulated safe flight hours 14000 hours, didn't want to be a pilot at first, but wanted to be a teacher.

A320

In the third year of college, an airline came to the school to recruit pilots. He Chao originally just wanted to give it a try, but he was unexpectedly selected and realized the "driving revolution" (recruiting college students to fly to technical majors in ordinary universities).

He Chao is an example. Pilots usually take the college entrance examination and choose a flight major. At that time, only the Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China in Guanghan, Sichuan Province opened a flight major. At present, several universities have opened flight majors, including civil aviation university of china and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

China Civil Aviation Flight Academy.

The study of pilots is basically a four-year system. In the first two years, I studied theory, and in the last two years, I actually flew. After finishing their studies, they can work in airlines.

According to He Chao, the requirement of the Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics at that time was to graduate after flying for 250 hours within two years, but in fact, these trainings only learned some basic flight methods, and more importantly, they had a sense of experience with airplanes. The aviation school alumni joked that "the aviation school flies for 250 hours, and it will still be 250 hours after the flight."

These 250 hours in the flight academy also determine whether the students choose to embark on the road of pilots.

Students finish their studies in the flight academy and enter the airlines before they begin to get in touch with real commercial aircraft.

The training of airlines is very different from that of aviation schools. He Chao believes that what he considers in aviation school is how to learn flying skills, while what he considers here is how to avoid some risks and how to fly is the safest.

The first step to enter an airline is to train flight concepts, such as Airbus's golden rule, Boeing's golden rule and so on. To convey the overall concept of flying to pilots and establish the professional consciousness of flying.

The usual training of pilots is mostly simulator training, and occasionally they will go to small airports such as Nantong or Yangzhou for an hour or two to feel the real ups and downs.

Boeing 737 cockpit simulated by Microsoft flight simulator

In the airline, He Chao gradually found that learning operation technology is not the most difficult part, and they can achieve proficiency through step-by-step practice.

Understanding the concept of security is the key.

Looking back at the history of civil aviation, we will find that many accidents are caused by violations. For example, typhoon weather, meteorological conditions do not meet the flight standards, but some people think that technology is enough to carry out the mission. In this case, it is easy to have safety problems such as rushing out of the runway.

Although the simulator used for training can present many problems encountered in real flight, even many subjects that are difficult to encounter in flight, these can only be used to train pilots' proficiency.

In an emergency, operations that are usually seldom used may be forgotten. After all, the weather at the flight destination is changeable. Your performance may be 90 or 95 points during training, but in some real situations, it may only reach 80 or 70 points.

Now the standard to measure a good pilot is safe flight, not good technology.

At the same time, the relevant regulations on flight are becoming more and more strict. In the past, China Eastern Airlines stipulated that the captain could not drink alcohol eight hours before departure, but now it is changed to 12 hours before departure, and some airlines are more strict, reaching 24 hours.

In addition, the regulations on smoking in the cockpit have also changed. The Civil Aviation Law stipulates that the captain is not allowed to smoke in the cabin.

Once these red lines of civil aviation are broken, they will face the fate of having their flight licenses revoked.

After receiving the overall training of airlines, students will have to undergo nearly two months of aircraft modification training, that is, learn to fly a certain type of aircraft. After passing the pilot test, you can get a flight license issued by the Civil Aviation Administration.

But getting a flight license doesn't mean becoming a captain. Getting a license is only the beginning of actual combat-to become a co-pilot, you have to complete 2700 hours of experience (flying in the driver's seat) before you can apply for a captain.

This process usually takes at least five or six years to realize. Some people may not be able to complete the leap from co-pilot to captain for a lifetime because of technical or conceptual problems.

Becoming a captain is not something once and for all. They have to receive retraining twice a year, fly the simulator three times each time, take the simulator for four hours, and take an exam after each retraining. Those who fail the exam will be banned from flying and will receive extended training until they pass the exam.

"Giving you a lecture is on behalf of my family." "Today, I scold you not on behalf of me, but on behalf of my family, because they are likely to take your plane in the future. I don't want to worry because that pilot is you." This is a classic line in Captain, and He Chao feels the same way.

Today, He Chao is not only the captain, but also the invigilator of the co-pilot exam. "Some people don't fly well, and the inspection standards are too strict."

After He Chao finished talking about technical problems, some people felt that they didn't quite understand why the standards were so strict, so he would explain from the perspective of his family, "My family may take your plane one day, and from a personal point of view, I should be strict with you." At present, some young people do not have a deep understanding of security issues, and such an explanation can touch their security nerves.

It is best to fly smoothly all your life. In the years from the co-pilot to the captain, this incident was the most critical moment he encountered.

Although there are few big problems, small problems occur from time to time in daily flight. For example, during take-off, bird strikes, thunderstorms and bumps around flies. Now the whole civil aviation transportation industry is very safe, and the safety factor of China's civil aviation is also in the leading position in the world. He Chaoxiao said that a big event like 10 1 1 can be called "winning the prize".

But this doesn't mean that you can have any slack and solid daily preparations, so that you can really have answers when you encounter problems.

During the year when He Chaogang was the captain, he often thought about and prepared some methods to deal with abnormal situations, so sometimes he had nightmares at night and all kinds of thrilling pictures appeared in his mind. After a while, his mind gradually stabilized. Now he often tells young pilots to prepare more and study more. "It's too late to turn over the manual when you really encounter problems", most of the time is in peacetime.

Accidents encountered in the aviation industry are often used for analysis and research, looking for some experience from other people's experience and constantly improving their own capabilities. The risk of aviation is a curse that constantly reminds pilots.

Flying is a repetitive job, taking off and landing every day. But in He Chao's eyes, it can also find fun and fly happily.

Sometimes they have to fly three or four missions in a row, go to different airports and fly different routes. The weather, seasons and other factors make people feel fresh.

In addition, during the intense flight, if you really understand the control and management methods of this aircraft, it will bring special satisfaction and make people full of confidence. Seeing the great rivers and mountains of the motherland in the air also makes He Chao feel happy. He feels that flying is not a high-risk occupation.

He Chao said frankly, "Now my level needs to continue to improve, and my heart will be more practical." Pilots need to constantly learn new technologies and processes in the industry and have corresponding exams every year. Only when the plane reaches the altitude of normal flight can it be safe when it is actually in danger.