What were the heating measures in ancient times?

When we enjoy the warmth of heating in winter, we can't help wondering how the ancients kept warm. In fact, there were many ways of heating in ancient times to help them through the cold winter. In ancient times, due to the destruction of the environment, the temperature did not rise much. In the past winter, it was much colder than now, so under such harsh conditions, the ancients tried their best to keep warm and invented many heating tools. In ancient times, people generally used clothes, buildings, fire pits, fire pits, ground kang, fireplaces, fire walls and braziers for heating, among which braziers were the longest and most commonly used.

Braziers are still in use, especially in rural areas. A charcoal fire made of wood is burned in a basin, and the heat released by charcoal combustion is used for heating. In ancient times, wealthy families or nobles even carefully made charcoal pots and used copper stoves to set charcoal for heating, which was a common means of heating in ancient times.

In fact, clothing heating is to use the warmth of clothing to keep warm. For example, these clothes are very warm, but only nobles can enjoy them. Ordinary people can only keep warm by wearing messy and shabby clothes. Building heating is more common in the north, and there are many wind-proof buildings, such as firewalls, which generally face south, which is conducive to relying on sunlight for heating. Moreover, both the main room and the wing room have thick walls and roofs, which can effectively prevent the wind from blowing in and help keep warm.

For a kang, the bed is made of materials with strong thermal conductivity, then a hole is dug below, charcoal is burned in the passage to introduce hot air, and finally the bed is heated. This kind of heatable kang has low manufacturing cost and strong warmth retention, which is not only used for heating in ancient times, but also used for heating in parts of northern China. Fire pit is one of the oldest heating methods. In the original house, the stove pit was located near the door. It is a combination of cooking and heating. It absorbs oxygen from the outside to help it burn, and it can also block the cold wind from the door in winter. Underground kang, also known as earthworm, hollows out part of the underground and burns charcoal to keep warm. The whole house is still warm in winter. There is also a fireplace, and charcoal is lit on the wall to keep warm, which is also a common way for Wang Sungui to keep warm.

To sum up, this is the ancient heating measures and means.