About Zhuge Liang’s deeds

Zhuge Liang (181-234), courtesy name Kongming and nickname Wolong, was a native of Langxieyangdu (now Yinannan, Shandong). He is a descendant of Zhuge Feng, the captain of Sili School in the Han Dynasty.

Zhuge Liang was born in an official's family in Langxieyangdu in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (181). The Zhuge family is a prominent family in Langxie, and their ancestor Zhuge Feng once served as Sili Xiaowei (chief of the garrison of the capital) during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, whose courtesy name was Jungong, served as the magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang lost his father in his early years. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the prefect of Yuzhang by Yuan Shu, to Yuzhang. The Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, so Zhuge Xuan went to join his old friend Liu Biao, the pastor of Jingzhou.

In the second year of Jian'an (197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his siblings lost their livelihood, so they moved to Longzhong (20 miles west of today's Xiangyang County, some say the place of seclusion is Nanyang?) and lived in seclusion in the countryside to farm and make ends meet. In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), 19-year-old Zhuge Liang and his friends Xu Shu and others studied under Mr. Shuijing Sima Hui.

Zhuge Liang's reading was different from that of most people at that time. He did not stick to one chapter or one sentence, but looked at its general outline. He also liked to recite the ancient ballad "Liang Fu Yin". Through intensive study, he was not only familiar with astronomy and geography, but also proficient in tactics and military tactics. He has great ambitions and takes the world as his own responsibility. , Zhuge Liang also paid great attention to observing and analyzing the society at that time, and accumulated rich knowledge on governing the country and using troops.

In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei "visited the thatched cottage three times", met with Zhuge Liang, and asked about the plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation at the time incisively and proposed to first capture Jing, Yi served as a base, reformed politics internally, united with Sun Quan externally, pacified the Yiyue in the south, and reconciled with the Rong in the west. Waiting for the opportunity, they sent troops from both directions to the north to unify the country's strategic thinking. This conversation is the famous "Longzhong Dui" . [Gulong Zhongshan, which is now thirteen kilometers west of Xiangyang, Hubei Province, was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County at that time]

After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts suddenly became enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talent was rare, so he sincerely asked Zhuge Liang to come out and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang then came out to assist Liu Bei, forming a tripartite force among the Three Kingdoms. ?

Zhuge Liang stepped in to assist Liu Bei in times of crisis and joined forces with Sun Yat-sen to fight against Cao Cao. Defeated Cao's army at Chibi and captured Jingzhou. In the 16th year of Jian'an, Yizhou was captured. Then he defeated Cao Jun and captured Hanzhong. In the twenty-sixth year, Liu Bei established the Shu Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister to preside over the government. In the third year of Jianwu (223 years), Liu Bei was critically ill and asked him to take care of his future affairs.

Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was named Marquis of Wuxiang and led Yizhou as pastoralist. Be diligent and prudent, handle all political affairs personally, strictly enforce rewards and punishments, alliance with Soochow, improve relations with all ethnic groups in the southwest, implement farming, and strengthen war preparations. In the fifth year of Jianxing (227 years), Shangshu (i.e., "Chu Shi Biao") was appointed by Liu Chan, and he led his army to station in Hanzhong. He made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains, mostly using food but without success. Twelve years later, he finally became ill due to overwork and died in the Wuzhangyuan Army. He left his funeral affairs to Jiang Wei.

Zhuge Liang was an outstanding statesman, thinker, and military strategist in Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang has become the embodiment of wisdom, and his legendary stories have been recited by the world. Zhuge Liang's writings are included in the "Zhuge Family Collection Catalog" in the original biography of "Three Kingdoms", consisting of twenty-four chapters and one hundred and forty-four thousand one hundred and twelve words. Compiled by later generations, the "Collected Works of Marquis Zhuge Zhongwu" compiled by Zhang Shu of the Qing Dynasty is relatively complete. Zhuge Liang's main works in his life include: "The Master Before", "The Master After", "Longzhong Dui" (accounted by Chen Shou, one said it was Xiangyang Longzhong, others said it was Nanyang, it is difficult to say? Han Xue), etc. Due to the needs of combat, he studied deeply in astronomy, talismans, and Qimen Dunjia, and he talked a lot about it in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Zhuge Liang was skilled in strategy, resourceful and decisive, and was good at ingenuity. He once innovated the "continuous crossbow", which could fire 10 arrows at the same time; he also made "wooden ox" and "flowing horse" to facilitate military transportation in the mountains; he also practiced the art of war and made the "eight formations". picture".

There are many memorial monuments to Zhuge Liang, dozens of them across the country. There is an endless stream of tourists.

The earliest Wuhou Temple in the country is in Mian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wuhou Temple in Mian County is the No. 1 Wuhou Temple in the world.

Wuhou Temple in Mian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jingyao (AD 263). In August 234 AD, Zhuge Liang became ill due to overwork and died at Wuzhangyuan on the front line of the Northern Expedition. He was fifty-four years old. Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty. He was named "Wuxianghou" during his lifetime (Wuxiang is in Wuxiang Town, Hanzhong City today). After his death, he was posthumously named "Zhongwuhou" by Liu Chan. Therefore, historically, his ancestral temple was honored as "Wuxianghou". Hou Temple". Now the Wuhou Temple in Mian County is majestic and grand in scale. It has seven courtyards and more than 60 temples. It is not only a place to pay homage to the sages, but also a place to visit cultural relics. What is even more significant is that the Wuhou Temple in Mian County is the former site of the "Xingyuan Prime Minister's Mansion" where Zhuge Liang went to Hanzhong to station troops for the Northern Expedition.

At present, in addition to Wuhou Temple in Chengdu and Wuhou Temple in Mian County, there are also Wuhou Temple in Nanyang, Wuhou Temple in Baidi City, Wuhou Temple in Baoshan, Yunnan, and Wuhou Temple in Qishan. In addition, there are the Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, the Wuhou Palace (Puqi, Hubei) built in the Ming Dynasty, the Huangling Temple (Yichang, Hubei) built during the Jian'an period, etc. Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang is named after the descendants of Zhuge Liang who have lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Ancestral Hall was first built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, more than 370 years ago. The Prime Minister's Ancestral Hall has fifty-two rooms of ancient buildings, including Zhuge Liang's tomb. In recent years, the Lanxi Prime Minister's Ancestral Hall has become increasingly famous and influential. It is a major historical site and scenic spot in Lanxi.

Chronology of Zhuge Liang

Era, Age, Life and Deeds

In the 4th year of Guanghe, 181, 1 year old, Zhuge Liang was born in Langye Yangdu (now Yinan County, Shandong Province) ).

Zhongping 6 years 189 9 years old Zhuge Liang's biological mother Zhang passed away.

In the 3rd year of Chuping, 192, at the age of 12, Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Si passed away.

In the first year of Xingping, 194, at the age of 14, Zhuge Liang, his younger brother Zhuge Jun and his younger sister were adopted by their uncle Zhuge Liangxuan. His older brother Zhuge Jin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

In the 2nd year of Chuping, 195, at the age of 15, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the governor of Yuzhang. He and his younger siblings went to Yuzhang (now Nanzhang) with his uncle.

In the second year of Jian'an, 197, at the age of 17, Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his siblings moved to Longzhong.

Jian'an 4th year 199 19 years old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu and others studied under Mr. Shui Jing Sima Hui.

Jian'an 12th year 207 27 years old Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times. Zhuge Liang told Liu Bei a plan to divide the world into three parts, which is the famous "thatched cottage pair". He immediately came out to assist Liu Bei. [One says it’s Xiangyang Longzhong, another says it’s Nanyang. It’s hard to make a conclusion? ]

Jian'an 13th year 208 28 years old Zhuge Liang persuaded Sun Quan to form an alliance with Liu Bei and participated in the Battle of Chibi and won.

In the 14th year of Jian'an, 209, at the age of 29, Zhuge Liang was appointed as the military advisor Zhonglang General.

Jian'an 16 years 211 31 years old Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun guarded Jingzhou.

Jian'an 19th year 214 34 years old Zhuge Liang left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou, and led troops with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to join forces with Liu Bei. Liu Bei entered Chengdu and took charge of Bashu. Zhuge Liang was appointed as the general of the Shu army's military division, the general of the left, and also the chief minister of the government.

20th year of Jian'an 215 35 years old Zhuge Liang rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

23rd year of Jian'an 218 38 years old Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu to raise military rations to supply Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In the first year of Shu Zhangwu, 221, at the age of 41, Liu Bei ascended the throne and established the Kingdom of Shu. Zhuge Liang was appointed prime minister.

In 223, the first year of Shu Jianxing, at the age of 43, Liu Bei entrusted Zhuge Liang to Baidi City.

Liu Chan made Zhuge Liang the Marquis of Wuxiang and led Yizhou as a pastoralist.

2 years after the establishment of Shu 224 44 years old Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu and stabilized the people who were in chaos due to Liu Bei's defeat.

3rd year of Shu Jianxing 225 45 years old Zhuge Liang led his army to the south and stabilized the four southern counties.

4 years after the founding of Shu, 226 46 years old, Zhuge Liang prepared to attack Wei.

In the 5th year of the founding of Shu, 227, 47 years old, Zhuge Liang submitted the "List of Departures" to his former lord Liu Chan for the Northern Expedition.

In the 6th year of the founding of Shu, 228, 48 years old, Jieting was lost during the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears in his eyes, demoted himself to the right general, and acted as prime minister.

In the 7th year of the founding of Shu, 229, at the age of 49, Zhuge Liang once again launched the northern expedition to capture Wudu and Yinping, and restored his position as prime minister.

In the 8th year of the founding of Shu, 230 50 years old, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition.

In the 9th year of the founding of Shu, 231, 51 years old, Zhuge Liang made a northern expedition to Qishan, defeated Sima Zhongda, and defeated Wei general Zhang He.

In the 11th year of the founding of Shu, 233 53 years old, Zhuge Liang built a pavilion in Xiegu to gather grain.

In the 12th year of the founding of Shu, 234, 54 years old, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan during the second Northern Expedition.

Some of Zhuge Liang's political achievements

First, Dujiangyan,

"Shui Jing Zhu·Jiang Shui" records: "Zhuge Liang used the weir as his agricultural base during his northern expedition. The capital of the country is to be protected by 1,000 and 200 people." --- Zhuge Liang pioneered the practice of weir officials. The following are the original words of the mass-produced Mr. Xianren:

I have been to Dujiangyan and witnessed with my own eyes the rubbings of the decree signed by Zhuge Liang to protect Dujiangyan. I can only describe it as shocked. From then on, I became an admirer of Wuhou and firmly believed in the ancient times and the present. There is no wiser minister than Marquis Wu (it is not denied that there are those of comparable caliber).

The details of this decree are breathtaking, including the date of the annual dredging work, the depth of excavation, the stone ruler Zhuge Liang used for dredging maintenance, and the stainless steel ruler that was not copied until the 1980s. Ruler replacement. The maintenance regulations established by Wuhou are still implemented as they are today, because their effectiveness has been proven countless times.

The decree has been strictly implemented for nearly 2,000 years. Can the whole world find a second example?

Second, the Wa people resisted the British;

As far back as 225 AD, the Kanamanjuan tribe of the Wa people living in the Hulu Kingdom signed an alliance with Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, and swore to submit to the Shu Han court. Guard the border and never rebel; for 1700 years, the Wa people have always followed this covenant. In 1934, when the British army attacked the Banhong and Banlao areas, the Wa people kept this covenant in mind. King Banlao rose up to resist and organized the Wa armed forces. Niu Meng swore allegiance to their most respected "grandfather" - Zhuge Liang. This is the famous "Banhong Incident";

3. The "Tea Ancestor" worshiped by six ethnic minorities.

"Pu'er Prefecture·Historical Sites" records: It is said that Marquis Wu traveled through the six mountains, leaving copper gongs in Youle, placing copper trowels in the wild branches, burying iron bricks in the wild bricks, and leaving wooden bangs in Yi. In the country, the horses and pedals were buried in Gedeng, and the sacks were placed in Mancai, which is why the mountain is named after it. "One of the six major tea mountains is called Kongming Mountain. The local people also call the tea tree "Kongming Tree" and respect Zhuge Liang as the "Ancestor of Tea." To this day, the Jinuo, Blang, Wa, Dai, Hani, Zhuge Liang's villages hold a gathering every year on Zhuge Liang's birthday, called the "Tea Ancestor Meeting", where they sing and dance to admire the moon, set off Kongming lanterns, and worship Zhuge Liang.

Reference: /view/2347.htm.