On the historical prose of emperor wudi of han dynasty.

As far as the greatest achievement of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the crusade against Xiongnu, Wu Si thought that judging from the effect of the war, the domestic people's livelihood was depressed and foreign invasion was not eradicated. Liang Wudi's iron and blood policy may not be the best solution. The same effect can be achieved in less expensive ways, such as building the Great Wall.

Regarding the "spiritual heritage" formed in the life of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wu Si thinks that the spiritual heritage depends on how to say it. Fighting can be regarded as a spiritual heritage; Building the Great Wall, isn't that also a spiritual heritage? Another example is the Qing dynasty, where good-neighborliness and friendship helped neighboring countries when they were in trouble. This is a mutually beneficial and win-win situation. Isn't that also a spiritual legacy? Which of the three spiritual heritages is better? Why do you have to fight? Is it better for our ancestors to beat the Huns to Europe and then the defeated ancestors to destroy Europe?

Without the hegemony of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, would our nation lose a strong feeling?

"Poor wuding river bone, still in a dream. How can ordinary people be proud of this emperor's hegemony? " Wu Si said, "I don't think any parents will think it's a good thing that someone spits on a child and gouges out his eyes when he goes upstairs. Everything about Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was' stupefied', excessive and hormonal. When a person's humanity is brought into full play, it must be when the boundaries of others are minimized. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did things, no one was happy except himself. It would be even worse if what he did led future generations to follow suit. Still think about Confucius' spiritual legacy: don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. "

Has the behavior of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed from personal behavior to national memory? Does his credit really need to be questioned so fiercely?

"We should fully respect the parties' evaluation of ourselves. In his later years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty committed crimes by himself. We should benefit from this spiritual heritage. " Wu Si laughingly said.

In a word, Wu Si thinks that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has a distinctive personality and is brilliant, but all these can't hide his shortcomings, and what he has done is greater than his merits.

Huang Pumin, director of the history department of Renmin University of China, believes that Liang Wudi has made great contributions and made many mistakes. Wendi Jingdi's predecessors planted trees, and later generations enjoyed the cool. Emperor Wu made a mess and let others clean it up.

However, unlike Wu Si, Huang Pumin believes that Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty chose a strategy with short-term advantages and disadvantages and long-term far-reaching influence among many internal and external strategies.

Heroes create situations, and situations also create heroes. On the one hand, in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty did have the economic strength to take the initiative to attack. When Emperor Gaozu was in power, the emperor's chariot could not gather four horses of the same color, so he had to go out to pull the ox cart. The Han Dynasty encountered Huns many times, but they could only choose to kiss. After "the rule of cultural scenes", the policies of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty have already met the conditions of multiple choices. On the other hand, the decisions made by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty have a strong personality. The same external conditions and different emperors may make completely different decisions from those made by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In addition to personality reasons, Gongyangxue also had a great influence on Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Gongyangxue is a school closely integrated with Legalists in Confucianism, emphasizing "great unity", "respect for kings" and "great hatred". The so-called "great revenge" is the humiliation of ancestors by future generations, and revenge must be achieved by various means.

Huang Pumin believes that the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was China's boyhood, and the prosperity of the Han Dynasty was not only manifested in material civilization, but also in mental state. Not to mention Zhang Qian, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing and other generals, even at the bottom of society, there are many "heroes" like Guo Jie, and even Sima Qian, a scholar born in the situation, is ambitious and aggressive. It was a time when the spirit of China people was sharp-edged, wild and fearless. Emperor Wu was not the only hero in the world-at that time, Emperor Wu was the most dazzling spray on the waves. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is a China native with world feelings, so he can establish that China people are China people from the cultural psychology and basic territory. Later, with the vicissitudes of history, there are fewer and fewer wild elements in our nation. Putting aside moral judgment, a nation needs a positive and enterprising spirit after all.

Ge Xiongjian, a history professor and doctoral supervisor at Fudan University, tends to describe the merits and demerits of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, agricultural areas were basically stereotyped on the map of China, and there is not much difference now. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty defeated the Huns and seized the Hexi Corridor suitable for farming. Without the Hexi Corridor, the territory of China will not develop into Central Asia. Lingnan, in fact, was difficult to control at the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and returned to the control of the central government in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. China has always pursued "great unification". If these places are not unified, it can not be regarded as "great unity" in the standard sense.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty laid a cultural and psychological foundation for China people. "Objectively speaking, Confucianism is suitable for China's agricultural society. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only completed the institutionalization of Confucianism as an authoritative ideology. If Confucianism is not suitable for China society, even if there are a few Han Wudi who "respect Confucianism", it is useless. " Ge Xiongjian said.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also had a far-reaching influence on the centralized government structure in the history of China. The systems of "inner dynasty" and "outer dynasty" in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were basically adopted by later generations, with little change, such as the three provinces and six ministries system and the cabinet system in the Tang Dynasty.

Ge believes that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did have a militaristic side. Fighting back against the Huns, but beating the army to today's Kazakhstan, can't be explained by pursuing peace in any case. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched a war to give Li Furen's younger brother Li Guangli a chance to be a marquis. This personal motive should not be concealed from him.

Salt-iron official camp, expanding authoritarian centralization to all social strata, killing the goose that lays the golden egg and accumulating wealth. Facts have proved that these policies have caused disastrous consequences, with refugees everywhere and the population halved.

In addition, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also dreamed of immortality, which led to a large influx of swindlers and disrupted state affairs. In his later years, he was headstrong and unpredictable, which killed his son and wife. Later, whoever was appointed as prime minister by him felt that disaster was imminent, and some people cried and refused to be prime minister.

In all respects, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is like Qin Shihuang. But the most difference between him and Qin Shihuang is his reflection in his later years: he issued letters to punish himself, rested his troops, and successfully handed over his shift. The implementation of these policies made up for the disaster caused by the early madness.

What do scholars want to see most?

Ge doesn't watch the TV series "Hanwu the Great" at all, because "I don't need to know Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty through TV". Wu Si, too, "I have no desire to see. The TV series is endless, the concentration is too low and the time is too long. If you have time to watch TV, you may wish to look at historical materials. "

"If you want to show the emperor and respect this period of history, you must show the complexity of the emperor. On the one hand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is the product of the historical era and the whole society. His life, whether personal fate or political career, often makes people think-history is so similar. In his early years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in high spirits and eager to work. In his later years, he would rather hand over the power to supervise the country to the minister than to his relatives. When his power reached its peak, he actually became a loner. By the time he regrets, it will be too late. This is a typical imperial tragedy. On the other hand, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was also a human being and had secular desires. In his later years, the minister's children will hold him and play with him, and he will be very happy. ......

"Sima Qian also has a less great side. He has rich feelings, which is an advantage for a writer but a disadvantage for a recorder of history. He often exaggerates his favorite people, but he is too brief about some important people. Although Li Ling was mainly responsible for his defeat and surrender in the Han Dynasty, his personality also had a weak side, which was unforgivable in terms of national justice. In short, no one is perfect. "

Ge Xiong Jian said that he had no desire to see the big scenes of the war. Seeing that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty crusaded against the Huns, he thought that not only from the perspective of the Han nationality, both the Han Dynasty and the Huns were victims of war, and the Huns were beaten to "throw me in Qilian Mountain, which made my six animals unhappy; Is the pain of history deeper than losing my support, making my woman colorless? We should look at the Sino-Hungarian struggle from the perspective of struggle for existence.

Wu Si is most interested in the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in three aspects, which have little to do with vision. The first is how Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty handled foreign relations, the second is how to handle relations with the industrial and commercial class, and the third is how to handle ideological disputes. These three aspects are integrated, but how to deal with the relationship with the industrial and commercial class has always been an eternal problem for the emperors of China, and it is also a historical issue that Wu Si is most interested in at this stage. In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, this issue reached a climax in the debate. The focus is on whether industry and commerce are managed by the government or by the people.

Wu Si said, "You can conquer the world at once, but you can't rule the world at once. This was already known in the Han Dynasty. " . Rule the world, with whom?

"When the war subsided and the dynasty was established, the middle class was often eliminated. At that time, farmers were the main population in the world. However, it is impossible to rule the world with small farmers. The emperor will control the peasants through the bureaucratic system and rule the world with the bureaucratic group. Next, the landlord class developed and quickly combined with bureaucrats. At this time, emperors and bureaucratic landlords ruled the world. Agriculture is a foregone conclusion, and then, industry and commerce have developed. The rulers began to consider whether to rule the world with the industrial and commercial class. The industrial and commercial class has always been weak in China, and it has never been able to bargain with the ruling class in history.

"The simplest and stupidest way for rulers to treat industry and commerce is to monopolize profitable industries. This was the case with the salt and iron industry in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The iron smelting industry in the early Han Dynasty should be private. Zhuo Wenjun's father, Zhuo Wangsun, was sent from Zhao to Sichuan during the Qin Dynasty. When I arrived in Sichuan, I started a smelting enterprise. At that time, wars were frequent and there was a strong demand for steel. Soon, Zhuo Wangsun will be rich in the world. Until the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhuo Wenjun and his elopement, Zhuo's family's life was not bad. Smelting iron can have such great benefits, and the butler will certainly not stand by and watch. When the government got the salt and iron, the enterprises immediately became inefficient and corrupt, and profits turned into losses. At this point, civil forces have an opportunity. They will try their best to buy off officials and get a slice of it. After the officials were bought, the essence of the whole society changed. "

Wu Si believes that the process of non-governmental forces infiltrating government-run industry and commerce will not be formal and open, but secret, and it is a "one-man revolution". But Wu Si doesn't think the official will represent the private industrial and commercial forces at this time: "If you don't kill the goose that lays the golden eggs, it means the chicken? Isn't this ridiculous? "

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty put salt and iron into the official camp, which later caused controversy. Legalists believe that salt and iron should be managed by the government. Confucianism, on the other hand, opposes "competing for profits with the people." Legalists have great truth, while Confucianism has sufficient evidence. For example, after the iron smelting official camp, the sickle can't cut the grass, but the price is very high, and no one buys it or shares it. In order to achieve the goal, enterprises make large films, and if they can't sell them, they will pile up rust.

As early as the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it has been proved that the industrial and commercial official camp is not feasible. However, this argument has been copied, but the words used in each argument are different, and everyone thinks that something new has happened. The lessons of history were thus ignored.