My surname is Ning. What was my surname in the Qing Dynasty? I am Manchu.

Ningning and Ertong are descendants of Ji Cheng.

As people's surnames, Ning and Ning are always the same. Although some people strictly divide them into two surnames, most people confuse them. When writing, there is no distinction between ning and ning, even the greatest historical book, Historical Records, is no exception.

So in essence, are they two different surnames, or are they a completely different family? I'd rather read the surname four times than two times. To understand this problem, we must first be familiar with the passage recorded in the Book of Surnames: "After Wei Kangshu, he collected grain in Ning, took the city as his surname, and looked out of Qixian. It is also called Ningcheng with, Han and Historical Records. "

Judging from this passage, Ning and Ning are indeed born of the same father and mother, and they can definitely be confused. In other words, children in this family can write their surnames as "Ning", or more conveniently as "Ning".

This surname can be written in two ways, and it is clearly described in the Examination of Surnames, which came from the State of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period. In other words, they originated in Hebei and Henan two or three thousand years ago and are an ancient family with a long history. Their ancestor Kang Shu is Zhou Wuwang's half-brother. Among the many descendants of Zhou Wenwang who were made princes at that time, they were outstanding. After the Duke of Zhou destroyed the rebellious Wu Geng, he managed the Yin adherents happily. Later, he was promoted as a shepherd by his nephew Zhou Chengwang, and his talent was unusual.

However, there is another component between Ning surname and Ning surname, which is why some scholars advocate that the two surnames should be strictly distinguished and not confused. According to textual research, the second part of the Ning family is the famous Qin Shihuang family, that is, the descendants of the ancient Zhuan Xu Won surname. This point is recorded in "Compilation of Surnames and Collection of Nine Articles": "Ning's surname is the same as Qin's, and his great-grandson died in Ning Gong, and the people thought it was his home."

This statement makes sense. On the surface, it seems that Ning and Ning should be strictly divided. However, if we trace back further, Zhuan Xu, the ancestor of Won's surname, is Zhou Wenwang, the father of Wei Kangshu, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and also a descendant of Ji's surname of the Yellow Emperor. Since both the Ji surname and the Won surname come from the Yellow Emperor, it is obvious that the Ning family was born by the same father, although there are two sources of water. Therefore, it seems that Ning and Ning don't have to haggle over every ounce in words.

The Ning family, which was generally believed to have originated from defending the country and defending the country 3000 years ago, was outstanding in the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, two patriots, Yu Ning and Ning Qi, were respected great historical figures.

Yu Ning, a famous Wei Wuzi, was a doctor of Wei at that time. He is clever and diligent. There was nothing to see when Wei Wen shared the Tao. When Wei succeeds, he does not avoid difficulties and obstacles. He was praised by Confucius as "the country is wise if there is a way, and the country is stupid if there is no way."

Ning Qi was a patriot in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Xiu De is a businessman who lives outside the East Gate of Qi. One day, Qi Huangong, who took the lead in dominating the princes, went out at night and heard him singing with his horn buckled. Knowing his virtue from the lyrics, it was brilliant to ask Guan Zhong to visit him as an official of the State of Qi. Later, he further succeeded Guan Zhong as Qi Xiang, making his name immortal.

Another branch of the Ning family originated in Mongolia. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian generals and Timur brothers were busy recruiting for the Southern Expedition. Because my home is in Changde, Hunan, I have been an official for generations. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the Changde family moved to Ningxiang, Changsha and Xiaochang, Hubei.

[Edit this paragraph] III. place name

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

In the late Paleolithic period of primitive society, people lived and multiplied in Ningxia. Shuidonggou site in Lingwu County is a Paleolithic site in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was one of the settlements of Qiang, Rong and Xiongnu. In Qin Dynasty, Beidi County was set up here, and Qin Shihuang sent troops to open up wasteland, which created the history of irrigation from the Yellow River. During the Han Dynasty, the Qin system was attacked, and Ningxia still belonged to Beidi County, followed by the secretariat of Shuofang. 407-43 1, Xiongnu Helian Bobo established the Daxia regime with Ningxia as the center. The Tang Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Guan Neidao, and in Lingzhou (now Lingwu County), Dadufu and Shuofang were set up. After the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Suzong acceded to the throne in Lingzhou. 1036, Yuan Hao, the leader of the Tangut, established the Daxia Kingdom in Ningxia, which was called Xixia in history. Xixia took Xingqing House (now Yinchuan City) as its capital, which was later destroyed by Genghis Khan. The Yuan Dynasty set up Ningxia Road here, hence the name Ningxia. Ming changed Ningxia government, and later changed Ningxia Wei, which belongs to Shaanxi Bureau. In Qing dynasty, Ningxia government was re-established. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was changed to Shuofang Road. Ningxia Province was founded in 1928. 1September 3, 949 Ningxia was liberated. 1954 10, Ningxia province was revoked and merged into Gansu province. 1958101On October 25th, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established. Take the word "Ning" in the full name as the abbreviation.

Nanjing

Nanjing, Jiangsu Province is called Ning for short.