How to understand the title of the ancient poem "Stone City"? How to explain this poem?

As follows:

Stone city

(Liu Yuxi)

The mountains are still the same, surrounded by abandoned ancient capitals, and the tide is beating against the lonely empty city as in the past.

On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace.

Brief introduction of the author

Liu Yuxi (772-842), Han nationality. Liu Yuxi was born in Jiaxing (then Suzhou). Liu Yuxi's Biography of the Old Tang Dynasty was mistaken for Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Liu Yuxi basically never left Jiangnan before 19 years old. He was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Mountain Scenery in Hanzhong. He is a supervisor and member of Wang Reform School. What is the specific life experience, we have not yet verified. Famous poets, philosophers and writers in the middle and late Tang Dynasty were called "great poets". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities.

Later, Yongzhen failed to innovate and was demoted to Langzhou Sima. Instead of indulging in self-indulgence, he wrote with a positive and optimistic spirit, actively learned from folk songs, and created poems imitating folk songs such as Picking Ling Xing.

Liu Yuxi was once sent back to Beijing by imperial edict, and was demoted as a secretariat of Lianzhou because of a poem "Peach trees were all planted in Guanli, Du Xuan after Liu Lang went". Later, he was appointed as Jiangzhou Secretariat, where he wrote a lot of Zhi Zhu Ci. Many famous sentences are widely read. In the summer of 824, he wrote the famous "Missing in the Old Times" in Xipaotai Mountain: "Since Wang Jun brought his towering ship down from Yizhou, the ghost of the royal family has languished in Nanjing. The long Zhang Qian chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag was lowered on the stone wall. How many sad past in life, the mountains still remain cold. Today, every sea is home, and ancient fortresses are full of ruins and autumn reeds. " This poem was greatly appreciated by later literary critics and regarded as a masterpiece of Tang poetry with endless meanings.

Later, after several transfers, Liu Yuxi was sent to Suzhou as a secretariat. At that time, Suzhou was flooded and there was hunger everywhere. After he came to power, he opened a warehouse to relieve hunger, exempted taxes and reduced labor, and soon brought the people out of the disaster and lived a life of peace and contentment. Suzhou people loved him and thanked him, so they called Wei and Bai Juyi, who had been the secretariat in Suzhou, "three sages" and established the hall of three sages. Tang Wenzong also praised his achievements and gave him a Zijin fish bag.

Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang in his later years, making a guest appearance as a prince, adding school history, making friends and writing poems, and living a leisurely life. After his death, he was posthumously appointed Minister of the Interior.

There are more than 800 poems in existence. His poems study folk songs, reflect people's life and customs, have a wide range of themes, and draw lessons from the implicit, simple and beautiful characteristics of Bashu folk songs in style, which are fresh and natural, healthy and lively, and full of life interest. His satirical poems often use allegorical excuses to attack and suppress the innovative dignitaries in Yongzhen, which involves a wide range of social phenomena. In his later years, his style became more subtle, ironic and unobtrusive. There are more than 40 poems with the characteristics of folk songs. When Liu Yuxi was in Luoyang, he and Bai Juyi created the inscription "Recalling Jiangnan".

Liu Yuxi was buried in Xingyang, Henan (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou) after his death.

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The mountains around the old capital are still there.

The tide hit the empty city alone and turned back.

The month before the Qinhuai River,

Come to the short wall of this city at night.

[Notes]

1: selected from the whole Tang poetry, volume 365. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. This poem expresses the feeling of the decline of the national movement by describing the depression scene of the stone city. Stone Town, the name of the ancient city. Originally the ancient city of Jinling, Sun Quan was rebuilt in this name during the Three Kingdoms period. It was once the capital of Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, and then flew to the Tang Dynasty. Today is Nanjing.

2. Stone Town: In Xiliangqing, Nanjing today, the stone wall guarded by Sun Wu during the Three Kingdoms period was called the Stone Town. Later generations also called Stone Town Jianye.

3. Ancient country: ancient capital. Stone Town was always a national capital during the Six Dynasties.

4: Surround: Surround.

5. Huaishui refers to the Qinhuai River flowing through Shitou Town.

6. Old times: refers to the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.

7. Female wall: refers to the low city on Shicheng.

Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, was built here. These dynasties, the country is very short. There are profound historical lessons in the historical facts of their sadness and hatred, so Jinling's nostalgia for the past has almost become a special topic in the epic. On the occasion of the decline of the national fortune, it has become a common theme of poets who care about politics. If we say that the chapters written well in the early stage, we can't help but push Liu Yuxi's Five Questions of Jinling. Stone City is the first poem in this group.

At the beginning of the poem, the reader is placed in a desolate atmosphere. The mountains around the old capital still surround it. Here, it used to be Jinling City of Chu State during the Warring States Period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan changed his name to Stone Town and built a palace here. After six generations of luxury, it was abandoned in the early Tang Dynasty and has become an "empty city" for 200 years. The tide beat against the battlements, as if aware of its desolation, touching the cold stone walls, giving a chilling sigh and retreating silently. The mountain city is still there, and the past prosperity of the stone city is empty. Faced with this desolate scene, the poet can't help asking: Why didn't he leave a trace? No one answered his question, except the bright moon rising from the east of Qinhuai River, which is still rising from behind the battlements ("female wall") affectionately, so as to see this long-run old city. The moon symbol "old times", that is, "this month has shone on the ancients", is intriguing. Qinhuai River used to be a playground for princes and nobles in the Six Dynasties. It used to be a place where songs were played all night, with spring breeze blowing and joy everywhere. The "old moon" is its witness. However, the prosperity is fleeting, and now there is only desolation under this month. The word "return" in the last sentence means that although the moon is still there, many things are gone forever.

There is a sentence in Li Bai's Su Tai's Visit to the Ancient Times: "Only Xijiang Moon shines on the people in the Wu Palace." It is said that Tai Su has been abolished, and the prosperous times have ended, but Jiang Yue will not change. Its strength lies in the word "today only". Liu Yuxi also wrote Jiang Yue in this poem, but he did not emphasize the restrictive word "only today" and did not clearly point out the nostalgic content. Everything is contained in the implicit language of "Old Moon" and "Guo Huan" and cast in concrete images. The poetic realm is even more profound.

The poet wrote the stone city in the silent mountains, in the cool tide and in the dim moonlight, which can especially show the decline and desolation of the old country. Only write mountains and rivers and bright moons, and the six generations of wealth are all gone. Every sentence in the poem is a scene, but there is no scene without the deep sadness of the poet's hometown depression and bleak life.

Relying on the feeling that the poet had nowhere to look, the sound of the waves in Jiangcheng is still there, and the bustling world is gone. The poet is nostalgic and lyrical, hoping that the monarch can learn from the past.

Bai Juyi read the poem Shicheng and praised it: "I know that the poet has nothing to say." Later, some Jinling nostalgic poems were influenced by it and became famous works with their artistic conception words. For example, in the novel Niannujiao by Sadula in the Yuan Dynasty, "Six Dynasties-shaped resorts are pointed out, but the green hills are like walls" and "I am more sad than dying in my heart, and Qinhuai is the bright moon" are examples; Zhou Bangyan's Xihe Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty can make full use of the poems of Shicheng and Wuyi Lane.

[Edit this paragraph] Nanjing Stone City

Nanjing Stone Town is about 3000 meters long and was built in Chu Weiwang for seven years (the first 333 years). In the 16th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 1 1), Sun Quan of the State of Wu moved to Moling (now Nanjing) and built a city in the original site of Stone Mountain Jinling City. Defending the Yangtze River is a battleground for military strategists and is known as the Shicheng Tiger.

At the foot of Qingliang Mountain in Nanjing, you can see winding city walls and towering stone cliffs from the Shimen in the tiger's dragon pan to the Caomen. This is a stone city built on a hill. Tongzhi's Shangjiang County Records. "Mountain Examination" contains: "Since Jiangbei, there have been no stones in the mountains, so there are stones in the mountains, hence the name." "Jiankangzhi" also said: "There is a city on the mountain, also known as Shicheng Mountain." The "city" mentioned here is also the stone city. The origin of Stone Town can be traced back to the Warring States Period more than two thousand years ago. According to historical records, in the thirty-sixth year of Zhou Xian (333 BC), the State of Chu (Yingdu, now Jiangling, Hubei) destroyed the State of Yue (Wudu, now Suzhou), Chu Weiwang set up Jinling City, and built a city on Liang Qingshan. In the twenty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (223 BC), the State of Chu perished, and the Qin Dynasty changed Jinling to Moling County. Legend has it that during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang arrived on the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs to discuss with Sun Quan the plan to break Cao Zhi. According to legend, Zhuge Liang rode to Shitou Mountain to observe the mountains and rivers when passing through Moling County. He saw the mountains headed by Zhongshan winding in the southeast like a black dragon, while the western hills ending in rocky mountains stood on both sides of the river like tigers, so he praised "Zhongshan is long and flat, and the stone is beside the tiger, which is really the residence of the emperor" and suggested to Sun Quan to move the capital to Moling. After Sun Quan went to Battle of Red Cliffs, he moved to Moling (now Nanjing) and was renamed Moling Jianye. The following year, a famous stone town was built on the original foundation of Liang Qingshan. At that time, the Yangtze River flowed out of Liang Qing, so the military position of Stone Town was very prominent, and Sun Wu always regarded it as the most important naval base. In the following hundreds of years, it became the military center of war defense. In the civil war, the victory or defeat is often decided by taking the stone city. Stone Town is based on the cool natural cliffs on the western slope of Shanxi, surrounded by mountains, with a circumference of "seven miles and a hundred paces", which is equivalent to about six miles now. On the northern edge of the Great River, it reaches the mouth of Qinhuai River in the south, with two gates in Nankai and one gate in the east. To the west of the South Gate is the West Gate, which is surrounded by mountains and waters and separated by the Huaihe River. The danger is great now. There are stone warehouses and stone warehouses in the city to store military food and weapons. A warning beacon tower is built at the height of the city wall, which can send out signals at any time to predict enemy invasion. In the Southern Dynasties, the status of Stone Town as a military fortress to defend the capital remained unchanged. In ancient times, the Yangtze River flowed eastward around the foot of Liangshan Mountain. Huge waves beat the mountain wall from time to time and washed it into a cliff. After the Tang Dynasty, the river moved westward day by day. Since the eighth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (625), Stone Town began to be abandoned. Therefore, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Stone City": "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and is lonely. In the old moon east of Huaishui, I also came to the female wall at night. " The stone city described by the poet is already a deserted and lonely "empty city". Five Dynasties (924). The first temple, Xingjiao Temple, was built in Shitou Town, and later became a scenic spot where temples and academies were concentrated. Today, it is still famous at home and abroad for its majestic posture of "Stone City surrounded by tigers". Nowadays, when we walk under the stone city, we can not only see the foundation of the ochre pebble wall clearly, but also see the city bricks added to the stone wall in the past dynasties. According to geological research, the rock formation here is the Pukou Formation in the late Cretaceous about 654.38 billion to 70 million years ago. Under the wall between Qingliangmen and Caochangmen, there is a prominent oval stone wall, about 6 meters long and 3 meters wide. Because of years of weathering, the gravel is peeling off, pitted and mottled, with purple-black rocks and jagged rocks in the middle. There are many legends about grimace city in Nanjing. According to legend, this stone used to be as smooth as a knife. Now there is a clear pond in the west of grimace city, and the reflection of grimace city can be seen from one side of the water. Old Nanjing people are commonly known as "faces in the mirror". This magical legend has attracted countless Chinese and foreign tourists. Nowadays, the Stone Town Site has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province, and it has become a good place for people to explore the secluded spots and ponder over the ancient feelings.

Nanjing Shicheng gene is chiseled from natural rocks. In the middle section, there are several pieces of swaying red pebbles that are uneven because of the ancient Yangtze River water, like an animal face, so it is commonly known as the grimace city. The stone city is about 3000 meters in circumference, with two gates in the south and 1 gates in the east. Because the northwest is close to the Yangtze River, there is no gate. At that time, Stone Town was the base camp of Sun Wu's navy, and there were often thousands of ships in Jiangbo. There is a stone warehouse in the city to store food, weapons and other materials. Sun Wu's beacon tower was also built at the highest place in the west of the city. It is said that once the enemy is found, a bonfire will be lit at the beacon tower and spread all over the Yangtze River within half a day. Stone Town has a steep terrain and has been called "Stone Town is surrounded by tigers" since ancient times. Later, due to the gradual westward movement of the Yangtze River, the military value of Shitou Town weakened. After Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital in the Ming Dynasty, Hongwu built the city wall in the second year, and the stone town here became a part of the Nanjing city wall. Today, Stone Town is a famous historical site at home and abroad, and it is also one of the important tourist attractions in Nanjing.

The west of Stone Town in Nanjing has a quiet and beautiful scenery and is known as the "urban mountain forest". There are many places of interest in Liang Qing, including Mapo, Nantang Ancient Well, Liang Qing Temple, Chongzheng Academy and Sweeping Leaf House. Stone Town is located in Liangqingshan District, with a total length of about 3000 meters from north to south. Chengji site is red ochre, which contains a large number of river stones, generally 0.3-0.7 meters above the surface, with the highest point of 17 meters, carved from natural rocks. Bricks were added in Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405-4 18), and Stone Town was rebuilt as a part of Yingtianfu City (now Nanjing) in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (1369). Transportation: Take No.4, No.6, No.21,No.23, No.60, No.75, No.91and No.302..

[Edit this paragraph] Shicheng Park

1990, Nanjing built Stone Town Park on the former site of Stone Town. With the theme of "Nostalgia of Stone Town", the park organically combines the long history of Stone Town with the natural landscape, and integrates the ancient battlefield with modern national defense education. The total planned area is nearly 16.94 hectares, with the ancient city wall as the axis, reflecting the characteristics of the ancient capital of history and culture. It starts from Qingliangshan Sports School in the north, reaches Qingliangmen in the south, faces the ancient city wall in the west and reaches Huju Road in the east.

Stone Town, also known as "grimace town", was a military fortress built by Sun Quan in Battle of Red Cliffs during the Wu Dong period of the Three Kingdoms. It was moved from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) to Moling (now Nanjing) in AD 21kloc-0/year, using the natural stone wall of Liang Qingshan. It is the physical witness of historical changes. Standing here, you can best appreciate the artistic conception of Liu Yuxi's Old Times on the West Fort and Wang Anshi's Homecoming, which are poems of nostalgia in Jinling. "grimace in the mirror" is a famous scenic spot in history. Because there is an oval stone wall protruding from the wall in the middle of the city wall, it looks like a grimace from a distance, so it is called "grimace". Now the pool "mirror" under the "grimace" has an area of more than 1600 square meters. When the park was rebuilt, the famous Wang Yanhe landscape was also removed from historical reports and re-exposed, becoming a lush and clean stream on both sides. No matter from a distance or from a close distance, weeping willows and green trees on the wall are excellent scenery.

Shicheng Park is divided into national defense Xiao Chun, Shicheng Xue Ji and Shanju Qiuqing, with 2 1 scenic spot. Shicheng Snow Collection Area is located on the west side of the park, with Liang Qing in the north and Qingliangmen in the south. Strip distribution along the ancient city wall is the essence of Shicheng Park and one of the 48 scenic spots in Jinling. Qiuqing District, a mountain residence, is located in the forest zone on the east side of the park, with dense vegetation and full of vitality. In it, you will feel the artistic conception of the famous pastoral poem "Empty Mountain after Rain, Late Autumn Stand" by Wang Wei, a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time. Liang Qingshan and Stone Town are called "urban mountain forests". When you visit in the clear autumn after the rain, you will feel worthy of the name, and there will be no more sadness and sadness in Sadula's Climbing the Stone Town in the Yuan Dynasty.

Passing through Huju Road, Qingliangshan Park echoes it from a distance, magnificent, quiet and profound, and set each other off in interest.

Sadulla in Yuan Dynasty-Baizi Dengling Shicheng: On the Shicheng, overlooking the sky, there is nothing in your eyes. Pointing out the six dynasties-shaped resorts, only the green hills are like walls. Back in those days, wars were raging, smoke was everywhere, people's lives were at stake, and bones were like snow. How many heroes have been swept by the long river of time, only the vast Yangtze River is still rushing and rolling eastward. Lonely summer leaving the palace, Dongfeng Tun Road

Grass grows every year. Whenever the sun sets, the pine forest is cold and desolate, and there is no hidden fire. In front of the singing and dancing bottle, in the bustling mirror, the darkness turns green. Sad through the ages, Qin must have a bright moon.

In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Liu Yuxi was transferred from Kuizhou secretariat to Zhangzhou secretariat, and downstream, he wrote "Old thoughts of Xipao Taishan": "Wang Jun led a majestic boat to Yizhou, and the ghosts were haggard in Nanjing. The long Zhang Qian chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag was lowered on the stone wall. How many sad past in life, the mountains still remain cold. Now is the day when the China world is unified, and the ancient fortress is full of ruins and autumn reeds. Located on the Yangtze River east of daye city, Hubei Province, Cisai Mountain was a famous military fortress during the Six Dynasties. Liu Yuxi wrote "Five Topics of Jinling" that Bai Juyi appreciated very much (Part I: "Shicheng"-the old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace. Second: Wuyi Lane-there are many weeds and flowers beside Zhuque Bridge, and the sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane is oblique. Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people. ) Liu Yuxi also has a poem about the five laws of Jinling: the tide is full of smelting cities, and the sun is slanting to sign pavilions. Cai Zhou's new grass is green, and the shogunate is old and smoky. Prosperity and waste are caused by personnel, mountains and rivers and empty terrain. There is a song in the backyard, which is miserable.

[Edit this paragraph] Stone Town in Xinjiang

Stone Town in Xinjiang is the intersection of the middle road and the south road of the ancient Silk Road, where several passages leading from Kashgar, shache, Yengisar and Yecheng to the Pamirs meet. The castle is built on a high mountain, and the terrain is extremely steep. There are many broken or continuous walls outside the city, and the stone piers between the partition walls overlap, forming a unique stone city scenery.

During the Han Dynasty, it was the imperial city of Puli, one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions. After the Tang government unified the Western Regions, there was a Green Ridge Guard Caption here. In the early Yuan Dynasty, large-scale construction was carried out to expand the city wall; In the 28th year of Guangxu, the Qing government established a general auditorium here and a new town in the south of the castle, so this stone town was abandoned.

Stone Town in Xinjiang, located in the north of Gantashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, is a famous ancient city site on the ancient road in Xinjiang. The castle is built on a high mountain, and the terrain is extremely steep. There are many broken or continuous walls outside the city, and the stone piers between the partition walls overlap, forming a unique stone city scenery. In the Han Dynasty, this village was the imperial city of Puli, one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions. After the unification of the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty, there was a green ridge defense and capture center here. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the city wall was built and expanded on a large scale, and the old stone city took on a new look. In the 28th year of Guangxu, the Qing court established the Thin Plough Hall here, and maintained and supplemented the preservation of the old city. 1954 became the capital of tajik autonomous county.

Introduction to the scenery of Stone Town in Xinjiang;

Located in the north of Tashkurjik Autonomous County, it is the famous ancient city site of Gushi Road, with an altitude of 3,700 meters. It is located in Tianjin, with great momentum. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the garrison was continuously expanded, and the highest point of the city wall reached more than 20 meters. There are many broken or continuous walls outside the city, and the stone piers between the partition walls overlap, forming a unique stone city scenery. During the Han Dynasty, it was the imperial city of Puli, one of the 36 countries in the Western Regions. After the Tang government unified the western regions, there was the Qingling Health Center here. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the city wall was built and expanded on a large scale, and the old stone city took on a new look. In the 28th year of Guangxu, the Qing court established a general auditorium here to maintain the castle.

Transportation: The buses from Kashgar to Tashkurgan are all transit buses. They arrived in Tashkurgan that night, and will continue to the Pakistani Red Flag Lapp Port and Souster the next day.

Accommodation: Tajiks living here are very friendly. You can find someone to live in. They will treat the guests well, invite you to eat and drink, and just give some money when you leave. Generally speaking, 20 ~ 30 yuan money is more appropriate.

Tip: To go to Tashkurgan, you must go to Kashgar Public Security Bureau to apply for a border pass (closed on Saturday and Sunday). Before you go to Xinjiang, you must go to the company to open a letter of introduction. Without a letter of introduction, the Public Security Bureau will not handle it; But you can also ask the local travel agency for help. 50 yuan costs 40 ~ 1 hour.

[Edit this paragraph] Related information

Zimbabwe was called "southern rhodesia" in history, and this colonial name has been abolished. The young Republic of China is now renamed Zimbabwe, which means "Stone Town" in the local language and comes from great zimbabwe ruins, a famous historic site in southern Africa. Located in a valley near Fort Victoria, Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Stone Town Site is a large stone building complex, covering an area of 720 hectares. Because of its long history, this ancient city is only in ruins, but the style of the stone city was still faintly discernible. The urban layout is coordinated, with beautiful lakes and mountains. All the buildings are made of more than 900,000 rectangular granite. What is particularly amazing is that there is no adhesive such as cement between these stones, but the joints are tight. After seven or eight centuries of wind and rain erosion, they are still tall and firm. The architecture of Shicheng site can be divided into two parts: one part is an oval besieged city built on the open ground, also known as the "big paddock", which is the main body of the site; The other part is the Acropolis built on the small stone hill. The "big paddock" is surrounded by a granite wall with a top width of 2.5 meters, a length of about 240 meters and an area of 4,600 square meters. There is also an inner wall in the fence, which is semicircular and about 90 meters long. These oval buildings were the living rooms of the wives and attendants of tribal leaders at that time. In addition, there is a famous cone-shaped solid tower with a height of15m. This is a stone pagoda used by the royal family for sacrifice.

Weicheng is built on a small stone mountain with steep stone walls and dangerous terrain. A series of walls with different thicknesses wound down the cliff. There is only a narrow stone gate on the fence, which can allow one person to pass sideways. It is a trend of "and one person keeps it, but ten thousand people can't open it". From the Acropolis, you can overlook the big paddock. Judging from the overall layout of the site, the Acropolis is used for defense and is a barrier to protect the paddock. Judging from the large number of cultural relics unearthed from the site, it used to be a very prosperous city. Later, it may be abandoned due to production decline, disasters and other reasons. There are ancient terraces, canals and wells near the site, as well as large iron pits and ironmaking tools, as well as coins, clay sculptures, gold and silver jewelry and other cultural relics. In the ruins of a warehouse, China's Ming dynasty porcelain was also found. The most precious cultural relic in the site is "Zimbabwe Bird", carved with reddish soapstone, with exquisite craftsmanship and magnificent shape. Five of them are on display at the Salisbury Museum in the capital. Today, the image of this soapstone bird is painted on the national flag, which has become the pride of the Zimbabwean people and a symbol of the country. Some western archaeologists don't believe that the people they regard as the "dark continent" can create such a splendid ancient civilization, and try to explain it with the theory of overseas origin. However, after repeated investigations, it is confirmed that the "Stone City" is indeed a great creation of the ancient Zimbabwean people, and it shines with the wisdom of the African people, just like the ancient city of Luxor in Egypt.

Located at the foot of Liangshan Mountain in Nanjing, you can see winding city walls and towering stone cliffs from the Shimen in Longpanli, Hujuguan to Caochangmen. This is a stone city built on a hill. In Qing Dynasty, Langzi was named after the cool Dojo in the mountains during the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, formerly known as Shishan and Shicheng Mountain. Tongzhi's Shangjiang County Records. "Mountain Examination" contains: "Since Jiangbei, there have been no stones in the mountains, so there are stones in the mountains, hence the name." "Jiankangzhi" also said: "There is a city on the mountain, also known as Shicheng Mountain." The "city" mentioned here, that is, the origin of the stone city about the stone city, dates back to the Warring States period more than two thousand years ago. According to historical records, in the thirty-sixth year of Zhou Xian (333 BC), the State of Chu (Yingdu, now Jiangling, Hubei) destroyed the State of Yue (Wudu, now Suzhou), Chu Weiwang set up Jinling City, and built a city on Liang Qingshan. In the twenty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (223 BC), the State of Chu perished, and the Qin Dynasty changed Jinling to Moling County. Legend has it that during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang arrived on the eve of Battle of Red Cliffs to discuss with Sun Quan the plan to break Cao Zhi. According to legend, Zhuge Liang rode to Shitou Mountain to observe the mountains and rivers when passing through Moling County. He saw the mountains headed by Zhongshan winding in the southeast like a black dragon, while the western hills ending in rocky mountains stood on both sides of the river like tigers, so he praised "Zhongshan is long and flat, and the stone is beside the tiger, which is really the residence of the emperor" and suggested to Sun Quan to move the capital to Moling. After Sun Quan came to Battle of Red Cliffs, he moved his capital from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) to Moling (now Nanjing) in February1/kloc-0, and changed Moling to Jianye. The following year, a famous stone town was built on the original foundation of Liang Qingshan. At that time, the Yangtze River flowed out of Liang Qing, so the military position of Stone Town was very prominent, and Sun Wu always regarded it as the most important naval base. In the following hundreds of years, it became the military center of war defense. In the civil war, the victory or defeat is often decided by taking the stone city.

Stone Town is based on the cool natural cliffs on the western slope of Shanxi, surrounded by mountains, with a circumference of "seven miles and a hundred paces", which is equivalent to about six miles now. On the northern edge of the Great River, it reaches the mouth of Qinhuai River in the south, with two gates in Nankai and one gate in the east. To the west of the South Gate is the West Gate, which is surrounded by mountains and waters and separated by the Huaihe River. The danger is great now. There are stone warehouses and stone warehouses in the city to store military food and weapons. A warning beacon tower is built at the height of the city wall, which can send out signals at any time to predict enemy invasion. Although the Stone Town was named "Stone", the original wall was made of mud. According to "Danyang Ji", Shizhen was called a hut in the Wu Dynasty. It was not until the Yixi period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty that the original Wu Dong earth wall in Stone Town was bricked and turned into a brick wall, and an "Entering Han Building" was built in the south of the city, from which the Yangtze River could be overlooked and monitored, as an important stronghold for building a healthy capital. In the Southern Dynasties, the status of Stone Town as a military fortress to defend the capital remained unchanged. In 570 AD, Xuan Di specially sent people to build and strengthen the Stone Town, and stored rations in the city. In ancient times, the Yangtze River flowed eastward around the foot of Liangshan Mountain. Huge waves beat the mountain wall from time to time and washed it into a cliff. After the Tang Dynasty, the river moved westward day by day. Since the eighth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (625), Stone Town began to be abandoned. Therefore, Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Stone City": "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and is lonely. In the old moon east of Huaishui, I also came to the female wall at night. " The stone city described by the poet is already a deserted and lonely "empty city". In the Five Dynasties (924), the first temple, Xingjiao Temple, was built in Shitou Town, which later became a scenic spot where temples and academies were concentrated. Today, it is still famous at home and abroad for its majestic posture of "Stone City surrounded by tigers". Nowadays, when we walk under the stone city, we can not only see the foundation of the ochre pebble wall clearly, but also see the city bricks added to the stone wall in the past dynasties.

According to geological research, the rock formation here is the Late Cretaceous Pukou Formation about 654.38 billion to 70 million years ago, which is dominated by ochre conglomerate. Under the wall between Qingliangmen and Caochangmen, there is a prominent oval stone wall, about 6 meters long and 3 meters wide. Because of years of weathering, the gravel is peeling off, pitted and mottled, with purple-black rocks and jagged rocks in the middle. From a distance, you can vaguely see your eyes, ears, nose and mouth, which looks like a ferocious face. It is called "grimace city".

There are many legends about grimace city in Nanjing. According to legend, this stone used to be as smooth as a knife. Once, a mountain monster came out to hurt people in Liang Qing, and happened to be discovered by a fairy who exorcised demons for people. So I ran after him, and the mountain monster fled here, and there was nowhere to hide, and disappeared into the cliff. The fairy shone with a magic mirror and her face was exposed. In order to prevent the troll from escaping, the immortal put a mirror in front of the cliff, and later it became a pond, which people called the "mirror pool". Now there is a clear pond in the west of grimace city, and the reflection of grimace city can be seen from one side of the water. Old Nanjing people are commonly known as "faces in the mirror". This magical legend has attracted countless Chinese and foreign tourists.