Requesting information about Chinese stone arch bridges

Information on "Chinese Stone Arch Bridges"

1. Overall understanding

The article grasps the main characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges, taking Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge as examples. It illustrates the unique creation and immortal artistic value of my country's stone arch bridges in design and construction, and praises the ingenuity of our country's working people.

The article first briefly introduces the characteristics of general stone arch bridges: the bridge opening is arc-shaped; it appeared relatively early in the history of world bridges; it is not only beautiful in form, but also solid in structure. Then Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge, two stone arch bridges of different forms, are taken as typical examples to illustrate the glorious achievements of China's stone arch bridges.

When introducing the Zhaozhou Bridge, let me first briefly explain the location, construction time and repairs made to it after liberation. Statements such as "It is the oldest stone bridge that has been in use until now" and "It has been more than 1,300 years ago and still maintains its original majesty" highlight the fact that Zhaozhou Bridge has a long history, is strong and beautiful.

The article then explains the length and width of the Zhaozhou Bridge with specific figures, quotes Zhang Jiazhen of the Tang Dynasty to praise the exquisite design and construction of the Zhaozhou Bridge, and then discusses the originality of the design and construction of the Zhaozhou Bridge in four points Sexuality and artistic value will be explained in detail. The first point is that the curvature of the large arch is small, making it easier for horses to get on and off. The second and third points are explained from the originality of the bridge arch design, that is, "there are two small arches on each shoulder of the big arch" and "the big arch is made up of 28 arch circles". Such a design Make the bridge strong and durable. The fourth point is that the bridge matches the surrounding scenery very harmoniously.

The article introduces the Marco Polo Bridge in basically the same order.

After introducing the characteristics of China’s stone arch bridges, the author explained the reasons why my country’s stone arch bridges have achieved such brilliant achievements in three points. The article is full of deep admiration for the diligence and wisdom of the ancient working people.

Expository language requires accuracy and thoroughness, which is reflected in this article. For example, when introducing the length, width, and arch length of Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge, the method of describing the numbers is: "Zhaozhou Bridge is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, and a slightly narrower middle. It is 9 meters wide. "(Marugou Bridge) is 265 meters long and consists of 11 semicircular stone arches. Each stone arch has a different length, ranging from 16 meters to 21.6 meters." These figures are all based on scientific research. The measurements were obtained and accurately illustrate the scale of the two bridges. At the same time, the article also uses some words that indicate incomplete certainty or restrictions, such as "The 'Traveler Bridge' mentioned in "Shui Jing Zhu" was built around 282 AD and may be the earliest recorded stone arch bridge. "About" and "possibly" are approximations, and "recorded" is limited, which reflects the author's rigorous academic spirit.

2. Problem Research

1. For the bridge, we should first pay attention to its actual function. In the text, it is said that the stone arch bridge is "not only beautiful in form, but also structurally solid." If we talk about the appearance first and then the function, is this a reversal of priorities? In addition, should "not only... but also..." be deleted?

In this regard, author Mao Yisheng’s explanation is: writing the form first is the intuitive impression and perceptual knowledge given by the bridge. The solid structure is a further understanding of the bridge, that is, rational understanding. Therefore, the relationship between them is progressive rather than parallel. Therefore, the two related words "not only" and "but also" cannot be omitted, but they must be used to determine their progressive relationship.

2． The first and third features of Zhaozhou Bridge introduced in the article are all about the big arch. The second feature is that there are two small arches on each shoulder of the big arch. Why doesn’t the author finish introducing the first feature of Zhaozhou Bridge? Finally, the third feature is introduced, that is, the large arch is made up of 28 arch circles, and an introduction to the small arch is inserted in the middle?

The author’s explanation for this is: There are two small arches on each shoulder of the large arch. This is the main feature of Zhaozhou Bridge’s first open-shoulder arch. The large arch is made up of 28 arch circles, and other arch bridges are also built side by side, so they are listed in order according to their characteristics and size.

Exercise instructions

1. Read the text and complete the following exercises.

1. What are the overall characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges? Take Zhaozhou Bridge as an example and use your own words to describe how it embodies the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges.

2． The author introduces Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge respectively. The order of explanation is basically the same. Please explain in detail.

3. Based on the text content and illustrations, draw a schematic diagram of Zhaozhou Bridge and label the corresponding data.

1. Chinese stone arch bridges have the characteristics of general stone arch bridges, that is, "not only beautiful in form, but also solid in structure." In addition, Chinese stone arch bridges have a long history, are widely distributed, have various forms, and have many amazing masterpieces. The Zhaozhou Bridge was built in 605 AD. It has a history of more than 1,300 years by the time the author writes this article, which shows that it has a long history. The large arch of the Zhaozhou Bridge is 37.4 meters long and has open shoulders. The form of the arch, the large arch is composed of 28 arch circles, and the harmony with the surrounding scenery, and the exquisite carvings on the bridge, strongly prove that the Zhaozhou Bridge is indeed an amazing masterpiece.

2． The text basically introduces the two bridges in the order of geographical location, construction time, and structural characteristics.

3. Schematic diagram omitted.

2. In order to explain things accurately, expository text is very particular about its use of words. Think about it, if you remove the dotted words in the following sentence, how will the meaning change?

1. Stone arch bridges appeared relatively early in the history of world bridges.

2． The "Traveller's Bridge" mentioned in "Shui Jing Zhu" was built around 282 AD and may be the earliest recorded stone arch bridge.

3. Stone arch bridges can be found almost everywhere in our country.

4. (Zhaozhou Bridge) The whole bridge has only one large arch and is 37.4 meters long. It was the longest stone bridge in the world at the time.

1. "Earlier" is a lighter expression, which is a safer expression.

2． "About" and "possibly" both indicate uncertainty and are just speculation. "Recorded" adds reliability to the basis of the statement.

3. "Almost" emphasizes that stone arch bridges are widely distributed, but it does not rule out the possibility that there are no stone arch bridges in some places.

4. "At that time" is limited by time, and "can be counted" is limited by degree. This is more in line with the actual situation.

Let’s talk about expository writing

Expository writing is a style of writing that objectively explains things. The purpose is to give people knowledge: to explain the state, nature, function of things, or to clarify things. "Chinese Stone Arch Bridge" belongs to the former. It uses Zhaozhou Bridge and Marco Polo Bridge as examples to illustrate the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges that are "not only beautiful in form, but also structurally solid." "The Language of Nature" belongs to the latter, and the article scientifically explains the knowledge of phenology. Explaining the characteristics of things and clarifying principles are two types of expository writing.

In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly or explain the principles clearly, there must be appropriate explanation methods. Common explanation methods include giving examples, classifying, listing data, making comparisons, drawing charts, defining, making explanations, making analogies, describing situations, etc. When writing an expository essay, you should choose the best method according to the object of explanation and the purpose of writing. The method of explanation adopted must, on the one hand, comply with the needs of the content, and on the other hand, the author has the freedom to choose. Whether to use a certain method of explanation or multiple methods of explanation, whether to use this method of explanation or that method of explanation, can be flexible and is not set in stone.

Explanations must be in order, which is a necessary condition for making the explanation content organized. Common explanation orders include: chronological order, spatial order, and logical order. The chronological order of exposition is similar to that of narrative. In terms of spatial order, special attention should be paid to clarifying the location of space, paying attention to the position and direction of things inside and outside, size, up and down, front and back, left and right, southeast, northwest, etc. Logical sequence is often expressed as a reasoning process. What order to adopt depends mainly on the characteristics of the object described by the author. Explain the development and changes of things, and the time sequence is easy to express clearly. When writing about the structure of a building, it is difficult for readers to understand it without the spatial order. The use of logical order to explain things is convenient for reflecting the internal relationships of things.

The accuracy of expository language is a prerequisite for expository language.

Expressing time, space, quantity, scope, degree, characteristics, nature, procedures, etc., all require accuracy. The explanation is very practical, and if there is a slight mistake, it will be missed by a thousand miles. For example, an explanatory article reads: "A dragonfly can eat 2,400 mosquitoes in a day and night." 2,400 mosquitoes gathered together are many times larger than the body of a dragonfly, which is obviously impossible. How did this error occur? It turns out that according to statistics, dragonflies can eat 50 to 100 mosquitoes in one hour. If you eat 100 chickens in an hour, 24 hours a day, of course you have to eat 2,400 chickens. The author's multiplication calculation is correct, but he ignores that dragonflies cannot eat mosquitoes all the time within 24 hours a day. This is a joke.

Under the premise of being accurate, some of the language used in explanations is plain, while others are known for being lively and lively. Due to the different objects of explanation and the author's language style, the language of explanation is also diverse: some are summarized, some are specific, some are concise, some are rich, some are concise, some are detailed, some are plain and simple, some are humorous, in short, they are eclectic. .

Reading expository texts and writing expository texts can be linked. The four points mentioned above should be grasped, and attention should be paid to reading explanatory texts and writing explanatory texts. However, the requirements must be consistent with the actual situation of students.