What does Shi Yukun do?

Shi Yukun, the owner of the ship. Wenzhu, a novelist in Qing Dynasty, is good at storytelling. People call him "Mr. Shi" or "Mr. Shi" Born in the late Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, he died in Tongzhi for about ten years.

He is good at telling Bao Gong 'an (also known as Long Tu Gong 'an) and then rearranging it, and finalizing it as Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses (also known as The Legend of the Brave and the Chivalrous) 120 times.

Chinese name: Shi Yukun.

Alias: Ask Zhu Zhu, Mr. Shi and Master Shi.

Nationality: Qing Dynasty

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Date of birth: Born in the last years of Qianlong.

Date of death: after Tongzhi 10 year.

Occupation: novelist, critic

Main achievements: Creation of "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" and "Book of Stone Cards".

Representative works: Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses

The life of the character

Shi Yukun, whose life story is unknown, asked the bamboo owner. Born in the last years of Qianlong, some researchers concluded that "the stone age should be before fifty-two years of Qianlong (1787) at the latest". He mainly lived in Jiaqing and Daoguang years, when some people called him Mr. Shi or Mr. Shi. Judging from the available information, most of the records about Shi Yukun are concentrated after he became famous. Fu Chaguiqing, who lived from Qianlong to Daoguang-year, once had a poem for Shi Yukun. The preface says: "Shi was born in Kun, and has been known as Liu Jingting by his stage name for nearly 20 years." According to Wu and Wu, who disclosed this poem, "judging from the arrangement order of this poem in the Collection of Poetry, it is considered that it was 17 years before Daoguang". According to this inference, we can see that Shi Yukun became famous at least in the early years of Daoguang. In fact, Shi Yukun may have become famous earlier. In the repertoire of Qing Shengping class in the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), there are many important items, such as Qiong Lin Yan, San Xia Wu Yi, Accidental Encounter, Hua, Wu Notes, Chen and so on. Liu Shide and Deng wrote nine stories, but because some stories have been circulated in previous operas, they may not directly come from the three chivalrous men and five righteous men, but the three chivalrous men and five righteous men and China are all derived from them, which is no problem. "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" was first written by Shi Yukun, and there is no doubt that there are different opinions in academic circles. Since then, the national dramas are all based on materials, which must have been widely circulated after the Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses. According to the general law of rap industry in Qing dynasty, he had to go through a period of apprenticeship to become famous. In this way, even if Shi Yukun is gifted and famous early, he must be at least twenty or thirty years old. As one researcher said, "This achievement is by no means a novice who has been on the stage for three or two years. To take a step back, even if he became famous at the age of 20, his birth year should be around the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800). " The author thinks this inference is credible. Therefore, even if there are some conservative estimates, Shi Yukun was born in the last years of Qianlong. Some researchers infer that "the stone age should be before 52 years (1787) at the latest", which is generally in line with the reality.

achievements of art

Create the classic "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses"

Shi Yukun's "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" is known as the originator of China's martial arts novels, which has a great influence in the history of China literature. "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" was originally named "The Legend of the Brave and the Chivalrous Man", with chapter 120. It was first published in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879) and narrated by Shi Yukun. There are two sequences in the preface: Master Wen Zhu (Shi Yukun), Master De-thinking and Ecstasy Taoist.

abstract

The novel "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" tells the story of Bao Zheng in Song Dynasty who tried strange cases and solved unjust imprisonment with the help of chivalrous men and righteous men, while chivalrous men and righteous men helped the government to eliminate violence and uphold justice. The book portrays an image of an impartial and honest official who is not afraid of power, and reflects the wishes of the people in a tortuous way. Among them, such plots as fair and unfair imprisonment, "Pang Yu" and "clearing the captaincy" exposed the darkness of feudal rule to some extent and showed the fighting spirit of the people. The book is interspersed with a lot of chivalrous activities, which not only shows the just behavior of helping each other when the road is rough, but also shows the essence of their loyal service to the ruling class. Its appearance shows the complete confluence of modern traditional case-solving novels and chivalrous novels. The content of the novel is roughly divided into two parts. The first 23 chapters tell the story of Bao Gong's birth and judgment, and the last 97 chapters tell the story of Bai Yutang, Zhan Zhao, Zhang Han, Ou Yangchun and others who helped Bao Gong in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Yu Yue, a modern scholar, read "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" in Suzhou, and praised it greatly: "It is another kind of pen and ink between heaven and earth!" Personally revised, he thought that the book "Civet cats for princes" was "extremely irrelevant" for the first time, so he rewrote it for the first time with the help of historical biography. In addition, Zhan Zhao Zhan Xiongfei, Beard Yangchun of Peking University, and Shuang Zhao Landing, the Southern Xia Royal Cat, became one. In fact, it is the Four Chivalrous Men, plus Ai Hu, Black Fox, Zhihua and Zhuge Shen Zhongyuan, it is the Seven Chivalrous Men. The original five rats, namely Fang Lu, Zhang Han, mountain rat Qing Xu, Pingjiang and Bai Yutang, are still five just people. Later, it was renamed Elvis Presley and published in the fifteenth year of Guangxu. However, this change has been questioned by many people in the literary world. Both Lu Xun and Hu Shi think that the revised version of Yu Yue is not as good as the original. For example, 1923, 19 On February 28th, Lu Xun wrote to Hu Shiyi: "I thought there were several books that could be reprinted. First, "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses" must be written in the original and attached to the first edition revised by Yu Quyuan. " 1925, Yadong Library chose the original text when reprinting the Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses. Hu Shi clearly pointed out in the preface: "The three chivalrous men and five righteous men were better than Mr. Qu Yuan's revision. Even Mr. Qu Yuan's most dissatisfied first time is far better than changing books. In recent years, Shanghai Theatre has compiled a new play "Civet Cat for Prince", which is the first time to make the first book into a hardcopy with "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness". This shows that the actors in Beijing class can't forget the influence of "three chivalrous men and five righteous men", and it can also be seen that the colorful descriptions were deleted for the first time, which has no literary interest and is not suitable for the performance of the play. This time, Yadong Library asked Mr. Yu Pingbo to punctuate this book, and all of them used "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses" as the back copy. This book can be reused in junior high school in the future, so that many readers can know what the novel was like. So today there are two names, Three Heroes and Five Righteousness and Elvis Presley, which are spread all over the world.

In A Brief History of Chinese Novels, Lu Xun gave a positive evaluation of Shi Yukun's novels "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" and "Writing for the Common People" and pointed out their historical limitations. He emphasized the "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" and its sequel, which is very vernacular. This is the essence of chivalrous novels, which comes down in one continuous line with the stories of Song people and is also the revival of civilian literature after more than 700 years.

A Brief History of Chinese Novels evaluates the sound and object painting method in Three Heroes and Five Righteousness, which retains the vivid and colloquial speech art characteristics since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, portrays characters and describes the environment, and can be closely combined with the plot development. In particular, the descriptions of chivalrous men and women have their own characteristics, many personalities and strong secular life. Lu Xun said that this book "writes heroes in the wild, is full of vitality, occasionally sets off the world, and is mixed with humor, which makes fools shine every time."

Cultural influence

As China's first martial arts work in the true sense, Three Heroes and Five Righteousness has had a far-reaching impact on modern storytelling, martial arts novels and even literature and art in China, and it can be called the originator of martial arts novels, thus setting off the climax of various martial arts literature works. Description of Wushu skills (such as acupuncture, hidden weapons, swordsmanship, knife-cutting, lightness skill, straightness, etc.). ), Jianghu activities (such as stuffy incense, treasure bags, thousands of miles of fire, night clothes, human skin masks, etc. ) and the organ ambush in Three Heroes and Five Righteousness (such as Bagua Chain Castle) have a decisive influence on the content and material of martial arts novels in the future. Since then, martial arts case-solving and storytelling have flourished, such as Five Women and Seven Chivalrous Men, Yongqing Shengping, Three Chivalrous Men of the Republic of China, and Yongzheng Chivalrous Man Map. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, a large number of intellectuals devoted themselves to the creation of martial arts novels and wrote many well-known masterpieces, such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon by Wang Dulu and Shu, the landlord.

The stories of many chivalrous case-solving novels, such as "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", have also become the source of themes for various operas. For example, the Beijing Opera "Driving", "Welcome the Queen", "Destroying the Overlord in the Northern Summer", "Playing the Dragon Robe" and "Five Rats Making Trouble in Tokyo" are all stories of "three chivalrous men and five righteous men". The plot of Three Heroes and Five Righteousness is complex and clear, and the language is popular. It retains the vivid and straightforward features of storytelling since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and has a wide influence on later case-solving novels. Later, sequels such as Chivalrous Biography, Elvis Presley, Xiaowuyi, Xiaowuyi, Xiaowuyi and Xiaowuyi emerged one after another, all of which were directly influenced by it.

In addition to the original engraving, Three Heroes and Five Righteousness was printed in print after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Elvis Presley print edition 1980 Beijing Baowentang.

The founder of Shipai Book is known as "the father of the immortal".

Shi Yukun's plays are Zidishu and Danxian, and some people call it "the ancestor of Danxian". According to the fact that most artists in Zidishu were from rich families, some researchers think that "there is no doubt that stone is a Manchu child", which is reasonable, but more documents are needed to prove it. In addition, Shi Yukun also created a new school of art-Shi Paishu, also known as Shi Yunshu. According to Mr Zhao, there are some paizi songs called Shi Yukun. It can be seen that its performance was still very popular at that time, so that some bookshops took advantage of it to make a profit, "copy and sell in sections, publish another catalogue, and write if necessary." Even the storytellers at that time were full of praise for Yu Kun: "Take Mr. Yu Kunshi for example. Why can't you beat him? " He won't come out now. He went to that library and said it only three times a day, stringing dozens of dollars. Now he is famous in nine cities. Who doesn't know Master Shi? "It is said that Shi Yukun once offered sacrifices to Li. However, this record seems to have some contradictions with the preface of Fu Chagui's poem "Knowing Zhai Yi Shi Chao", which says that "the princes can't recruit them because of their retreat". Judging from Fu Cha Guiqing's poems, Shi Yukun is indeed a folk artist with great personality. According to legend, Shi Yukun's singing skills are famous for his smart accent. At present, Shi Yunshu in Danxian Qupai is Shi Yukun's singing method of praise, which has a great influence on various forms of Quyi.

Textual research on the life works of Shi Yukun, a folk artist in Qing Dynasty

Shi Yukun and Liu Jingting, two famous folk rappers, are outstanding in the history of rap in Qing Dynasty. Their first book, Three Heroes and Five Righteousness, has a high artistic achievement and has a very important significance and influence in the history of the development of martial arts novels. Predecessors such as Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Sun, Zhao, etc. all made special research on Shi Yukun's birthplace, birth and death year, life story and writings, and solved some difficult problems. However, due to the lack of literature, there are still many gaps and misinformation. Since then, researchers have continued to study, but due to the lack of information and different understanding of existing historical materials, each has its own views and opinions. In recent years, with the discovery of new materials and the deepening of research, it is necessary to re-explore this issue and draw some conclusions that are in line with the historical truth and provide reference for related research. According to non-factory notes, Shi Yukun was born in Tianjin. Because of singing in Beijing for a long time, some people mistakenly think that they are from Beijing. When Xianfeng and Tongzhi were in power, they made a sensation by singing "The Immortal Immortal". At that time, some people called him Mr. Shi or Mr. Shi Judging from the available information, most of the records about Shi Yukun are concentrated after he became famous. Fu Chaguiqing, who lived from Qianlong to Daoguang-year, once had a poem for Shi Yukun. The preface says: "Shi was born in Kun, and has been known as Liu Jingting by his stage name for nearly 20 years." According to Wu and Wu, who disclosed this poem, "judging from the arrangement order of this poem in the Collection of Poetry, it is considered that it was 17 years before Daoguang". According to this inference, we can see that Shi Yukun became famous at least in the early years of Daoguang. In fact, Shi Yukun may have become famous earlier. In the repertoire of Qing Shengping class in the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), there are many important items, such as Qiong Lin Yan, San Xia Wu Yi, Accidental Encounter, Hua, Wu Notes, Chen and so on. Liu Shide and Deng wrote nine stories, but because some stories have been circulated in previous operas, they may not directly come from the three chivalrous men and five righteous men, but the three chivalrous men and five righteous men and China are all derived from them, which is no problem. "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness" was first written by Shi Yukun, and there is no doubt that there are different opinions in academic circles. Since then, the national dramas are all based on materials, which must have been widely circulated after the Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses. According to the general law of rap industry in Qing dynasty, he had to go through a period of apprenticeship to become famous. In this way, even if Shi Yukun is gifted and famous early, he must be at least twenty or thirty years old. As one researcher said, "This achievement is by no means a novice who has been on the stage for three or two years. To take a step back, even if he became famous at the age of 20, his birth year should be around the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800). " The author thinks this inference is credible. Therefore, even with some conservative estimates, Shi Yukun was born at least five years earlier than Jiaqing (1800). Some researchers infer that "the stone age should be before 52 years (1787) at the latest", which is generally in line with the reality. As for the statement (1) adopted by some dictionaries that Shi Yukun was born in the 15th year of Jiaqing (1800), it is obviously a little late. It is hard to imagine that a teenager achieved such high artistic attainments and gained such a great reputation in the early years of Daoguang.

Although it is recorded that Shi Yukun was a native of Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu, it was mainly during the Daoguang period that Shi Yukun reached the artistic peak and enjoyed a high reputation. This can also be confirmed from the records of other documents. For example, from the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843) to the 25th year of Daoguang (1845), Jin Tiyun's manuscript "The Book of Di Zi" has the title of Shi Yukun, describing Shi Yukun's storytelling. As Mr. Inging said, this "can prove at least two things. First, Yu Kun should be called a storyteller when he is in the light. " The other is that Yu Kun is really an orator. "Neighbor Bai Yi said that" Shi Yukun is the most famous in Daoguang "and" Shi Yukun is propagated by Daoguang "(P9. 19). As for the year of Shi Yukun's death, it is still uncertain. When talking about "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses" published by Juzhentang in Guangxu period, Chongyi particularly emphasized that "the story was passed down by Shi Yukun in this Daoguang period", and his words revealed a sense of the past and the present. Supposedly, if Shi Yukun was still alive during the Guangxu period, he would not have emphasized "Daoguang" so deliberately this time. According to the publication date of the first edition of Three Heroes and Five Righteousness, some researchers speculated that Shi Yukun "should have died in Tongzhi for ten years (187 1)". There are two reasons for Shi Yukun's "death in the last years of Tongzhi": first, "a book under his name was published in the early years of Guangxu"; second, "Guo Hou died in Shi Yukun and died in the early years of Guangxu". Although Li Jiarui has no conclusive evidence, this guess is quite credible. According to a survey conducted by Li Zongdong during the Republic of China, "Shi Yukun was old when he was in Xianfeng, and he was still a punctual person". However, Shi Yukun's death may be earlier. Cai Wei did not publish the Record of Beijing Artists as follows: "(Shi Yukun) died and praised Kun's disciple's book, which was famous for a while. Zankun is a book written by his disciples, also called Tan Kun, Tan Shi Yu Kun, Comment on Kun Lun or Shi Yu Kun. If this statement is true, Shi Yukun died before the 23rd year (1843) to the 25th year (1845) of Daoguang. Based on the above materials and various statements, it should be no problem to say that Shi Yukun died in Tongzhi years or before.

In the records of Shi Yukun, there are two points that are deliberately emphasized. The first is his superb singing skills. The disciple's book Shi Yukun has a vivid description of this. He praised Shi Yukun for "raising his voice, offering a good price, overwhelming the unemployed people in the rivers and lakes, alarming the officials and spreading them in the market." Some records are based on this disciple's book. For example, Xiao Zhi, a Beijing artist, said, "(Shi Yukun) is knowledgeable and versatile, and western learning is transcendent. He speaks elegantly, and his singing skills come from books such as Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses. The price of sound was high, and there was a purpose of receiving god at that time. After the remnant, there was a disciple's book of Zankun, which was famous for a while. When the book is short, some people perform one or two short paragraphs. At this moment, there are many people, so it is called plantain seed, which is beneficial to Xiaoshui. " Zhang Cixi's book Tianqiao in the People's Capital is similar to this.

Shi Yukun's plays are Zidishu and Danxian, and some people call it "the ancestor of Danxian". According to the fact that most artists in Zidishu were from rich families, some researchers think that "there is no doubt that stone is a Manchu child", which is reasonable, but more documents are needed to prove it. In addition, Shi Yukun also created a new school of art-Shi Paishu, also known as Shi Yunshu. According to Mr Zhao, there are some paizi songs called Shi Yukun. It can be seen that its performance was still very popular at that time, so that some bookshops took advantage of it to make a profit, "copy and sell in sections, publish another catalogue, and write if necessary." Even the storytellers at that time were full of praise for Yu Kun: "Take Mr. Yu Kunshi for example. Why can't you beat him? " He won't come out now. He went to that library and said it only three times a day, stringing dozens of dollars. Now he is famous in nine cities. Who doesn't know Master Shi? "It is said that Shi Yukun once offered sacrifices to Li. However, this record seems to have some contradictions with the preface of Fu Chagui's poem "Knowing Zhai Yi Shi Chao", which says that "the princes can't recruit them because of their retreat". Judging from Fu Cha Guiqing's poems, Shi Yukun is indeed a folk artist with great personality.

Secondly, in addition to the superb singing skills mentioned above, the most commendable thing is Shi Yukun's innovation in performance content, especially his originality, which combined Bao Gong's trial with Jianghu chivalrous themes and created a new theme type, which had a great influence on popular literature including rap, novels and operas in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. Obviously, Shi Yukun is not the kind of person who follows suit and sticks to the rules. He is very innovative. With superb performance skills and innovative content, he has enjoyed a high reputation for decades and has become a folk artist with the same reputation as Liu Jingting. He is not only welcomed by ordinary people, but also accepted by literati. As disciple Shi Yukun said, "Bao Gongan was compiled in Song Dynasty, which made Shi Yukun successful at that time." It seems that Shi Yukun is still very fond of this book initiated by him. According to the storyteller at that time, "Yu Kun talked about the case all his life" and "he followed Wen all his life".

Shi Yukun wrote three chivalrous men and five righteous men, and Hu Shi summed it up as: "Part of it is tradition and part is creation. Probably most of the parts about Bao Gong are like this, and almost all the parts about you knights are fabricated. " Due to the popularity of the Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses, other folk artists have followed suit. Before Shi Yukun died, some people told him about the Three Heroes and Five Righteousness, such as Wang Ruihe. There is even a legend that the Three Heroes and Five Righteousness were taught by a southern scholar in a hotel in Wang Ruihe. But this is just a legend, and its credibility is not high.

It is no problem to say that Shi Yukun is the founder of the Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses, and there is no dispute in academic circles. However, in view of the complexity of the process of writing three chivalrous men and five righteous men, this statement is rather general and vague. It is better to decompose this issue into combing and analyzing the relationship between Shi Yukun and rap books "Dragon Map Police", "Dragon Map Second Road", "The Legend of Loyal Chivalrous Man" and even Xiao Wuyi and Xu Xiaoyu, because there are many misunderstandings and sidetracks around this issue, which need to be seriously discussed and clarified.

Shi Yukun's performance should be talking and singing. There are many kinds of rap books, such as An and Gong An, which are collected in Beijing Capital Library, Taiwan Province Academia Sinica and Tokyo University. Generally speaking, these rap books can be divided into two types: stone tablets and rap drums. Shipai books are naturally spread by Shi Yukun, which is the closest to their performance content, but they don't necessarily come directly from listening to Shi Yukun's rap, at least we don't have direct evidence yet. Other rap drum words also evolved from this, which was greatly influenced by Shi Yukun, but they were all changed to varying degrees according to the needs of performance, which was far from Shi Yukun.

Part of the content of "Longtu Road 2" also comes from listening to notes and telling stories. According to Sun Jiedi, at the end of the twelfth cycle of his Tibetan manuscript, a scribe wrote a line: This book ends here. I'm sorry I couldn't listen later. Based on this, he pointed out that the "Two Laws of Dragon Map" is the basis of listening to the public security of Dragon Map. Listen and record it, so the Japanese "Dragon Map II Record". The popular reading "The Legend of the Loyal Chivalrous Man" was published at that time. This view can also be proved from the record of Chongyi: "This book (referring to" Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses "-the author's note) has no bottom. In those days, several old friends (including Xiang Laoting and Ye Wen 'an) listened to storytelling every day and remembered each other when they came back, which formed this book. However, there is a question here, that is, whether "Long Tu Er Lu" comes from Shi Yukun's performance. Sun Jiedi thinks it's Shi Yukun on the grounds that "the title of the story of the chivalrous hero is Shi Yukun, but what is recorded in this book is what Shi Yukun said." In addition, he also pointed out that "Yu Kun rapped" Dragon Map Case ",and there are still many lyrics today. This "Ear Record" book is all written in white. Without lyrics, the record will be omitted when it is covered. "However, the records of worshipping Yi are different. After introducing that the "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses" originated from listening to stories, he went on to say: "The characters in it have their own praises (which are not available today), and they are humorous and elegant. This light was also sent by Shi Yukun. The phrase "Shi Yukun's story spread by this light" widened the time distance and ruled out the possibility of listening to Shi Yukun's story. Moreover, this kind of storytelling is different from Shi Yukun's Shi Pai Shu, because it has no lyrics, only "the characters have their own praises". Later, the organizers only deleted praises, not lyrics. Judging from the tone of Chongyi's "old friend", he is quite familiar with the situation, so his words are more credible. What Sun Jiedi said is only speculation, and there is no conclusive evidence.

At the same time, it should be noted that the book "Two Records of Dragon Map" is not all about listening to stories, because the frontispiece of the book clearly states: "The book" Dragon Map Case-solving "was originally written, and it is said that it was performed in the Ministry for more than 30 times, and more than 60 books were read in unofficial history; Although the legend is different, it is inevitable that ghosts will do evil. Today, this book will not only delete heresy, but also have some wisdom and save earth-shattering articles. " From this passage, we can see that Two Records of Dragon Map is based on the original manuscript, including more than 30 chapters of unofficial history and more than 60 books. "Can't Say" obviously refers to the novel related to the content of "Longtu Public Security", and the specific situation is difficult to know now. "unofficial history" refers to the recorded rap "Dragon Map Police", because this kind of rap is mostly based on books. The organizer kneaded them together and did some finishing work of "turning over the old and pushing the new". It is difficult to know this organizer now, and it is estimated that it may be Xiangle Pavilion and Yewen Temple mentioned by Chongyi.

Wu Xiaoling has a book called "The Legend of the Loyal and Righteous Chivalrous Man", which was purchased in the 1930s and later included in the collection of ancient novels for copying and publishing. In this manuscript, the words at the beginning of "Two Records of Dragon Map" became the preface, and the inscription was "Shi Yukun in the 28th year of Daoguang". Some researchers believe that this preface was written by Shi Yukun. In fact, this view is wrong because it doesn't know enough about the content and nature of this manuscript. One hundred and twenty manuscripts were written by two people, one for preface and table of contents, and the other for text. The original album number is unknown. Half a week is fine, ranging from 22 to 26 words. Comparing this transcript with the relevant versions of Two Records of Dragon Map that the author saw, we can know that this book is Two Records of Dragon Map, not The Legend of the Brave and the Chivalrous. After being revised by scholars, the Records of Loyalty and Righteousness is obviously different from the Records of Longtu No.2 in terms of characters, rules and characters. Double-line scripts were also deleted, and some of them were mixed in the text because of endless deletion. This manuscript has all the characteristics of Two Records of Dragon Map, which is close to Xie Lanzhai's manuscript and Beijing Normal University's manuscript, but far from the chivalrous biography of the brave. Because the judgment is very easy and clear at a glance, I won't demonstrate it here.

The preface of the book was obviously forged by booksellers for profit, not by Shi Yukun himself, but copied from the preface of the movable-type book "The Legend of the Brave and the Chivalrous Man" in Juzhentang, Beijing in Guangxu seven years. The reasons are as follows: First, judging from the content of the preface, it is obviously not Shi Yukun's tone, the preface is repeated with the text, and the signing time conflicts with the actual creation and circulation. 2. The preface, table of contents and text are not copied by one person, and the table of contents is inconsistent with the text. The catalogue is copied from The Legend of the Chivalrous Man, and the text is the catalogue of Two Records of the Dragon Map. It can basically be concluded that the preface is deliberately forged. The purpose of forging the preface of Shi Yukun is to show that it is the original work of Shi Yukun. Although Mr. Hu Shiying didn't make a visual inspection of the book, he inferred from other circumstances that the manuscript was "even written in advance", and the assertion that "Fang Jia is suspected of making a fake for profit" is completely correct now.

Later, The Legend of the Brave and the Chivalrous (also known as "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness") was processed and polished on the basis of "Two Records of the Dragon Map". It was first published by Beijing Juzhentang Bookstore, and then reprinted by various bookstores, which was widely circulated. Its processing and finishing people are asking bamboo owners, fascinated by Taoist people. Because Shi Yukun is the initiator, the title of "Shi Yukun Book" is not an impostor. In this way, after several revisions, the content of total injury has been far from the actual performance of Shi Yukun in his early years.

As for the sequel books "Little Wuyi" and "Little Wuyi Continuation" of "Three Heroes and Five Righteousness", Shi Duo, the owner of Wenguang Building, vowed that "I interviewed the manuscript of" Longtuge Case-solving "for several years, but I didn't get it". Later, "I have friends who have been in contact with Shi Yukun's disciples and occasionally chat in the shop. When I talk about this book, let him search it. Finally, "my friend will bring teacher Shi's manuscript in a few days." However, judging from various indications, Shi Duo, the owner of Wenguang Building, is only an advertising means to promote sales, and the income is not Shi Yukun's manuscript, as Hu Shi said: "This is probably not credible." He revealed its unreliability from six aspects: the contents of the three chivalrous men and five righteous men are not related and contradictory, and the article was not written by one person. Shi Yukun may have died at this time. It should be said that this inference is very convincing. In fact, the boss of Wenguanglou is also aware of this problem. He argues: "The last set of" The Legend of the Chivalrous Man "is different from the rest of Shi Yukun's original manuscript, and the name is slightly different, which is not the credit of one person. Shi Xiang collected Fu Zhongxiong, and then continued to write Xiao Wuyi, which was published one after another. The following procedures break through the copper network array, which is bound to be sudden. All kinds of talents who broke the copper net array also suddenly came. This set of books is not only self-contradictory, but also makes the next set of teeth wrong, with no clues in the text, no ambush in the pen, and inconsistent from top to bottom. It is necessary to understand gossip analysis as a series, as the basis for everyone to publish it, and explain it clearly, so as to clarify the source, but it will not be separated and broken. "This excuse shows the guilty conscience of publishers. If it is really Shi Yukun's manuscript, there is no need to defend it. At the same time, this excuse is also powerless, because Juzhentang's "The Legend of the Brave and the Chivalrous", signed by Shi Yukun, has long been known to everyone. Feng Daoren said that what he received was Shi Yukun's manuscript, which was "not done by one person" with "The Legend of the Chivalrous Man". Did he really recognize it?

As for the folk artist who said "Little Wuyi" in February of Guangxu 4th year (1878), some people think it was Shi Yukun himself: "Since Shi Yukun wrote the manuscript of" Little Wuyi "and had the experience of storytelling in Wang Fu, he was undoubtedly a storyteller who said" Little Wuyi "in Wang Fu". Since the premise of Shi Yukun's creation of Xiao Wuyi cannot be established, this conclusion is questionable. In fact, this folk artist can't be Shi Yukun at all, or even his apprentice. It is doubtful whether Shi Yukun was alive during the Guangxu period, not to mention that there is such a passage in the forty-eighth chapter of Little Wuyi: "As mentioned above, this book is different from their Biography of Loyal Chivalrous Man. They say Beixia and Shen Zhongyuan are disciples. It seems that Beixia is such a hero, so she doesn't want to be a teacher younger brother among thieves. This is a ... Second, Shen Zhongyuan advised in Bawangzhuang, taught Deng Che to discredit his face, pretended to be Beixia, and shot at Ma Qiang's house. If you are a disciple, how can you say that? This is the original work of Mr. Shi, and I dare not gild the lily. " Obviously, Shi Yukun couldn't have said such a thing, and judging from his tone, Shi Yukun should be dead by now. This folk artist is much later than Shi Yukun. Even if he is Shi Yukun's apprentice, he will not call Shi Yukun in this tone, let alone criticize The Legend of the Chivalrous Man. Moreover, the genre style of his storytelling is obviously different from that of Shipai. As some researchers have said, Xiao Wuyi belongs to the style of storytelling, which is completely different from Zi Zi Shu and Dan Xian in genre. The so-called "Shi Yukun Manuscript" is not true. In Chapter 33 of The Little Five Righteousness, there is also a criticism of The Legend of the Chivalrous Man: "Liegong, all of you students read this book, which is also the tail of The Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses, which is different from their previous ones. Their front cover is not bad, and the warriors fall into the copper net from one to five, which is nonsense. The copper net array is called gossip, and even the hexagrams can't be understood, so the rest of the book begins with the copper net array. Liegong, please look at the meaning in the book. His book also has Junshan, and this book is Junshan. Junshan is different from Junshan, and the public must not regard it as one. "If Shi Yukun is the folk artist who criticizes the martial arts biography, then who are the creators of the martial arts biography, the Long Tu Er Lu and the Shi Pai Shu Long Tuan? The loophole is very obvious. In fact, this folk artist who said "Little Wuyi" in Wang Fu is also traceable. According to Li Zongdong's interview with storytellers during the Republic of China, Xiao Wuyi was compiled by the storyteller "Li Fengshan when he was commenting on books in Hutong Museum of Beijing Mutton Restaurant in the early years of Guangxu". He thinks this statement is "specious".

It is because of Shi Yukun's great fame that later folk artists took him as a signboard to attract business. This, like the names of Li Zhe, Feng Menglong, Tang Xianzu and Li Yu, is a very common phenomenon in the history of the development of ancient popular literature in China, which should not be taken seriously and should be carefully analyzed. Although "Little Wuyi" and "Continued Little Wuyi" are not original by Shi Yukun.