What are the hazy images of Jinse?

An illusive and hazy eternal mystery, a piece of Jinse solves a difficult problem

---------Appreciation of Li Shangyin's "Jinse"

Abstract: This "Jin Se" represents Li Shangyin's highest achievement. Because of its splendid diction, lingering emotions, proficiency in using allusions, implicit elegance, secret intention, and unique style, it has always been known as "a Jin Se can solve people's difficulties." This article attempts to conduct a brief analysis of "Jin Se" from four aspects: theme, artistic conception, imagery and usage.

Keywords: Li Shangyin, theme, artistic conception, image, allusion

Jinse

Jinse has fifty strings for no reason, each string and one column reminds me of the past.

Zhuang Sheng was obsessed with butterflies in his morning dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart with cuckoos.

The moon in the sea has tears, and the sun in Lantian is warm and the jade produces smoke.

This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss.

This poem is a representative work of Li Shangyin, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin (about 811-859), whose courtesy name was Yishan, also known as Yuxisheng and Fannansheng. This "Jin Se" represents Li Shangyin's highest achievement. Because of its splendid diction, lingering emotions, proficiency in using allusions, implicit elegance, secret intention, and unique style, it has always been known as "a Jin Se can solve people's difficulties." Yuan Haowen, a poet of the Jin Dynasty, said in "On Poetry Quatrains": "The emperor's spring heart is entrusted with the cuckoo, and the beautiful woman complains about her youth. Poets always love Xikun, but they only hate that no one writes Zheng Jian." The brocade is puzzling. , manifested in the following aspects:

1. The Uncertainty of the Purpose

From ancient times to the present, poetic commentators in the past dynasties have always had different interpretations of the poem. If they are slightly summarized and classified, they can be roughly divided into the following categories:

1. Love Poetry

Liu Xun of the Northern Song Dynasty said in "Zhongshan Poetry": "Li Shangyin has " "Jin Se" poem, no one knows its meaning, or it may be the name of the Qingyi family of Linghu. "Ji Yougong of the Song Dynasty said in "Tang Shi Ji Shi": "Jinse, Linghu's concubine." Su Xuelin believes that "Jinse is the concubine of Linghu. Shang Yin’s love memorial”. Zheng Xuping believed that this was written by Li Shangyin for his aunt. Liu Kaiyang also thought in "On Li Shangyin's Love Poems" that he was recalling his young lover Wang. This statement is purely arbitrary and not credible, and has not received much response.

2. The theory of chanting the harp

This theory focuses on the title "Jinse" and believes that this poem describes the musical instrument harp. "Xiansu Miscellaneous Notes" says: "Jinse is only a vessel, with fifty strings and fifty pillars. Its sound is also suitable for plainness and harmony. Li's poem "Zhuang Sheng's dream at dawn is obsessed with butterflies" is suitable; "Wang the emperor's spring heart" "To hold the cuckoo," means resentment; "The moon in the sea has tears", means "qing"; "The warm sun in the blue field creates smoke", and the meaning of the song is expressed in this poem. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" also holds this view. The author thinks that this theory focuses too much on the title and ignores the original meaning of the poem.

3. The theory of mourning.

The theory of mourning. It was proposed by Zhu Yizun, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He explained the theme of the poem: "This is a poem mourning the death. It means that the deceased likes to play it, so when he sees things, he misses people, so he is inspired by things." He Zhuo said in "Yi Shan" "Anthology of Poems" says, "This is a poem of mourning for death. The first couplet is saddened by the sound of a fifty-stringed harp played by a girl's drum. The Emperor cannot stop where it started, expressing the sadness and thoughts that cannot be stopped; the second couplet is saddened and turned into a foreign object. "The abdominal couplet also expresses sorrow for the nine springs that cannot be revived, and it is called 'sihua years' and 'reminiscing', and the purpose is clear." This theory had a long-term influence in the Qing Dynasty. Although many scholars in later generations agreed with the mourning theory, There are differences in the specific explanation. Meng Xinshi, a recent scholar, has verified that it is a mourning poem from Li Shangyin's life. Unfortunately, it is often vague when discussing the object of mourning.

This theory was first proposed by He Zhuo in "Yimen Dushu Ji" and was accepted by many commentators and commentators in Qing Dynasty Wang Shihan's "Collection of Poems". It is believed that Li Shangyin used Jinse to injure himself. Zhang Caitian also believed that the theory of self-injury was a true conclusion. In addition, the recent scholar Wang Fumin also advocated this theory with more reasonable arguments. There is a problem with the chin couplet. For example, Wang Fumin said, "'Canghai' refers to the officialdom, 'Moon' refers to the powerful ministers, and 'Sun' refers to the monarch, so he came to the conclusion that 'powerful ministers have no power, and 'emperor's favor is rare'". This is obviously Comparison of the meaning of the song.

5. Metaphorical theory

Zhang Caitian of the Qing Dynasty believed that this poem expresses the poet's memory of Li Deyu, while Liu Wenying believed that this poem expresses his memory. "The whole meaning of this poem is that he fell unconscious in love with Linghu Taoju Qi and lamented his downfall in life." This statement is too far-fetched.

6. The theory of self-prefaced poetry collection

The theory was first proposed by Cheng Xiangheng. Since the textbook of Li Yishan's poetry anthology from the Song Dynasty lists this poem at the beginning of the volume, we believe that this poem is a summary of the poet's life. King Yingkui of the Qing Dynasty held this view in his "Liu Nan Essays": "The first couplet is like this, describing the daily work, and it is suddenly collected into a collection, and each sentence and chant is enough to recall one's life. The second couplet is like this, and the words are a collection of poems, or from The origin of the poem may be insulted, or it may be satirized by the emperor and his relatives; the purpose and interest of the poem are all in this, and so on in the Zhonglian couplet. The words are clear and beautiful, the sentences are brilliant, and the words are full of reflections and have roots, which makes it self-evident. It is a craftsmanship. The last couplet says that although the poem is difficult to recall, readers of the Shu family will still be able to understand his greatness when he knows the person and discusses his life. "Qian Zhongshu and Shao Derun used the theory of image thinking. To illustrate that this poem is a work on poetry. Mr. Zhou Zhenfu also believes that this theory is a "creative new interpretation".

7. Others

Some people think that exhausting the meaning of poetry will be boring, and they advocate not to delve into it further. For example, Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty said in "Comprehensive Poems of the Tang Dynasty" that "if you don't understand it, it is meaningless, but if you understand it, the meaning is gone." Liang Qichao also believed that this poem "takes apart each sentence and asks me to explain it, and I can't even understand the original meaning. I think it is very beautiful, and reading it gives me a fresh spiritual pleasure." This statement overemphasizes the perceptual impression and can only be used as a note of appreciation.

The above explanations all hold their own and can be justified, but most of them are based on the purpose of exploring the author's intention. Some of the explanations can indeed tell a certain truth, but they are also not general theories that are deliberately seeking to be different from everyone else. They clearly show traces of the readers' own exertion.

2. The ambiguity of artistic conception

Li Shangyin’s poems are “always unwilling to say a straight word, so they are confused and confused, either this or that, intermittent and continuous, so-called people who are good at burying their thoughts.” 1 Jin The main purpose of the poem is that it seems to have no specific reference but is a true expression, reflecting a feeling and a cognition of society and life. With its gorgeous and exquisite artistic form, and the hazy and shy beauty of imagery, it touches each reader's different feelings and understandings. Make it have the interest of being close but not floating, and far but not exhausted. When Liu Xuekai analyzed the untitled poem, he said: "Although the poet may not necessarily have other intentions consciously, the profound and comprehensive universal life experience accumulated in his mind made him involuntarily draw parallels when writing about his love experience, and combined the broad range of life experiences. Experience is integrated into the poem. "The meaning of the various beautiful and peculiar images in this poem does not lie in simple narrative and lyricism, but one layer of emotion within another layer of emotion, one layer of emotion after another. Delicate, tortuous, melancholy and euphemistic, it is both sentimental and puzzling. It constitutes a wonderful artistic conception that can only be imagined but cannot be expressed.

The most prominent artistic charm of Li Shangyin’s untitled poems can be said to be the beautiful artistic conception created in his poems. The reason why this artistic conception is beautiful lies in its hazy and unreal, rich and sad colors, which leave readers with a lasting impression. Endless room for imagination. His works often show a kind of lost and sentimental mood, exaggerating an erratic and hazy sound and color, which makes the emotional color of the works more intense and the theme more profound. The scenery of this poem is blurred, the meaning is profound, and every couplet is hazy. It creates a series of sad and beautiful images to directly appeal to the readers' hearts. "What they want to express is not a story, but an emotion, not a clear and reliable picture of time and place, but an ethereal but graspable artistic conception." 2 The poet focused on extracting the emotions when recalling his life experience. Various emotional experiences are melted into seemingly disconnected aesthetic images, which may include the sadness of the passing of time, the sadness of disillusionment of ideals, the sorrow and anger of the decline of national destiny, the hidden pain of love life and the long road of life. All kinds of regrets. The two sentences in the first couplet use "thinking" to trigger "gratuitous" questions, creating a strong sentimental and desolate tone, rendering a poetic atmosphere of desolation, melancholy and hazy. Listening to the intricate strings of Jinse, thinking about the past events of my youth; the complex sounds and chaotic moods, the melancholy that is hard to describe. Thousands of past events and nine melodies of emotions form the multi-layered and hazy connotation of the poem. The chin couplet is written by Zhuang Zhou Mengdie, and it is written that Du Yu turned into a bird. Zhuang Zhou was in a vague dream, and he didn't know whether Zhou's dream was a butterfly or a butterfly's dream. Zhou was a hazy dream. Du Yu, nicknamed "Wang Di", turned into a cuckoo after his death. Every year in late spring and March, he crows for a mate. His mouth bleeds, his voice is sad and his feelings are bitter. The writing is ethereal and unreal. What the poet wants to express is the sadness and resentment of the hazy inner world.

Of these two allusions, one is a dream like a Buddha, and the other is a beautiful legend. Although the meaning of "mystery" and the meaning of "entrust" are not stated clearly, the allusions are used to express one's state of mind and express the doubts and unspeakable feelings in one's heart. It expresses the hatred and sorrow in his heart, hiding the infinite sentimental spiritual realm that the poet has been searching for all his life. The neck couplet uses "tears" and "warmth" as poetic eyes, and writes about pearls and good jade. The moon is a pearl in the sky, and the pearl is like the bright moon in the water; the bright moon falls in the sea, and the pearl is bathed in the waves of tears - forming a hazy and wonderful scene where the moon, pearls and tears are incomprehensible. The next sentence is written about the hazy scene of "The sun is warm in Lantian, and smoke is born in good jade." This is not only the expression and expression of the poet's exquisite artistic quality, but also the poet's philosophical thinking in the face of infinite sentimentality. What this hazy natural scene reflects is the poet's hazy emotional world. The two sentences at the end create a vague and confusing artistic conception, and are also an analysis of the multi-layered and tortuous emotional world: the sunset of life is close at hand, and all pursuits will become illusory and bubbles. Such sentiments have now become a past that cannot be looked back upon. Together they form such a harmonious and varied sonata that touches people's heartstrings. As an aria of life, the poet's feelings cannot be realized, and the ideal of life cannot spread its wings. In the face of the cruel reality, it can only be regarded as a memory. However, how disappointing and infatuated it was at the beginning! "Because the poem sings about the author's feelings that will make him feel lost. They are personal emotions that others cannot know, let alone modern people. They are hidden deep in the heart of the poet after going through the vicissitudes of life. The vague and unprovoked emotional memory can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words. It is an ethereal and ethereal artistic conception that can be experienced and felt, and it is difficult to implement. "3

For the poet, frustration in politics and love. The many twists and turns not only directly affected Li Shangyin's poetry creation tendency that reflected emotions and scenes, but more importantly, it gradually formed his personality traits of depression, sentimentality, and introversion. This characteristic determines the poet's entire aesthetic taste, and also determines that in his mature poetry creation, he must use depressive and melancholy images to construct a subtle, meandering, and deep artistic conception.

3. The illusory beauty of imagery

The beauty of Jinse’s imagery is reflected in the richness of connotation and the uncertainty of the theme. It is very similar to the implicit style. It contains numerous and magnificent images, changing and jumping structures and dense Lihuamei's language imagery can convey the "sound between the strings" and "the meaning behind the words", achieving the aesthetic and artistic effect of "exhaustible words but infinite meaning". "What we pursue in art is how to not reveal our innermost feelings completely, but only stop here. The dragon has its beginning but not its end. Each image seems to have exposed its scales and half claws, leaving many connections that should have been connected but not connected. Blanks. These blanks are like mist, which makes people guess. This kind of artistic pursuit should be said to be a creation of Li Shangyin. 4 Li Shangyin has a unique and personalized structure in his choice of images. Mr. Wang Meng, a famous contemporary writer and expert on poetics, has a unique insight into Li Shangyin's poems. He believes that "Li Shangyin used a 'montage'-style structural technique to construct the poetic image and poetic environment that melted the poet, and created a deep inner emotional world that is related to but different from the external material world." Because Li Shangyin All of his poems point to his inner world. Therefore, the images in his poems have transcended traditional simple physical images and become spiritual. After the poet's original spiritual sublimation and innovation, they are full of illusions and strangeness, presenting a A personal, personalized style. And in the combination of mental images and physical images, the poet's sentimentality, loneliness, and melancholy can be conveyed and comforted. Jinse transcends the limitations of time and space, bringing together things that cannot exist at the same time, merging the present and the past, and intersecting reality and imagination. Give us strong shock and impact. Let us be amazed by the meaning and true nature of life, and interpret the philosophy of life with a perfect philosophy of life.

"Jin Se" uses the ingenious combination of various images to harmoniously form a complete and hazy image. There are strong emotions hidden in his poems, and he uses some fragmentary images to express the emotions and artistic conception in a hazy, trance, and blurry manner, with a hazy beauty like a curtain of fog and flowers. First, a boundless emotional universe is generated from the function words, and then the ambiguous images are transformed into hazy emotions in this universe, resulting in something that looks colorful on the surface but is invisible in reality, but it is fascinating to read. Endless artistic realm.

Li Shangyin's poems emphasize the idea of ??meaning arising from the outside of the image, emphasizing the role of subjective emotions in the artistic conception. The poetic environment is extremely subjective, making both the emotions and artistic conception appear hazy and long-lasting. He expresses the complex emotions intertwined with hope, disappointment, despair, confusion and disillusionment very deeply.

The middle four sentences are images composed of four allusions that can communicate multiple emotions, and are full of Zen meaning. The first sentence of the ventral couplet uses the story of the sharks in the sea crying with tears in "Natural History". Four images appeared in succession: the sea, the bright moon, beads, and tears. These four images are related to each other: the movement of the sea is related to the waxing and waning of the moon. This is natural common sense. The relationship between the moon and pearls According to Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, the moon is the root of the yin of the group. When the moon looks up, the clams are strong and the yin is abundant. When the moon is dark, the clams are empty and the yin is deficient. It can be seen that beads are also related to the moon's brightness and darkness. The relationship between beads and tears is as described in the allusion. Regarding the relationship between the sea and pearls, it is obvious that the sea is the origin of pearls. This poem uses four peculiar images to connect us with such an artistic conception: there is a full moon on the vast sea, and a lonely pearl in the sea is forgotten in its place of origin, weeping silently. The lustrous beads are as full as tears, and like the bright moon over the sea, while the round jade pieces seem to be shining vividly with warmth. The moon represents eternity and femininity, while jade symbolizes firmness and nobility. The poet uses the moon and jade to describe his talent. He is rich in literary talent but not ordinary, and his ideas are lofty but not up to date. These four allusions are just repeated loops to describe one's own feelings of confusion, helplessness, and disillusionment. So many subtle and strange images are ultimately out of reach. Chewing carefully, we will make deeper discoveries. There are always pearls in the sea, and only on the moonlit night will they leave the tears of business. The jade under the blue sky can only rise to the elegant clouds when the sun is warm. Otherwise, if there is no moonlight or the moonlight is dim, no matter how good the pearl is, it will not emit its charming brilliance and will just sit idle in the sea. When the cold winter comes, the sun is colorless, and no matter how beautiful the jade is, it will not be discovered and can only be buried deep underground. Things are like this, and people should be like this - there is a subjective will to realize the value of life, and there must also be an objective environment to realize the value of life. Misty and hazy objects such as tears of pearls and beautiful jade smoke have become the best images to convey the poet's unattainable bewilderment about the difficulty of realizing the value of life. This couplet is unified with the tragic mood of the entire poem, making the poem have a deeper and broader meaning. The creation of beautiful artistic conceptions of the moonlight over the sea and the warmth of the sun in the blue field is the standard and measure for the poet to answer the value of life.

According to Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua", Dongpo believed: "This is from "Ancient and Modern Music Records", it says: Jinse is a tool, its strings are fifty, its pillars are like Therefore, the sound is also comfortable, resentful, clear and harmonious." Li Shangyin probably imagined that he was stroking the strings and columns of the Jinse played by the plain girl, and he heard the melody of the harp in his imagination, and the musical language merged with the memories of the past. , thus forming various images of the jaw-abdomen couplet. The images here are exactly the product of the "complex" formed by the poet's indulging in the ocean of personal past events due to external or psychological touches. In short, , the various images produced by the jaw-abdomen couplet are the product of the poet's "emotional tendency complex". "Zhuang Sheng dreamed of butterflies at dawn, and hoped that the Emperor's spring heart would be supported by cuckoos." It means that the thinking about the ultimate value of life is not unique to me. The creation of the beautiful artistic conception of "Moonlight on the Sea" and "Sunlight on the Lantian" is not only the poet's exquisite art. The expression and expression of literacy are the standard and measure for the poet to answer the value of life; here the aesthetic characteristics of symbolism are reflected: "Use the form to express the intangible, use the limited to express the infinite, and use the moment to seize eternity." Here, the poet uses art Imagery to express the symbolic meaning behind artistic imagery. The poet uses things to promote people, which expands and deepens the theme of the poem. This is where the shining point of the whole article lies, and also where the soul lies. "This feeling can be recalled, but it was already at a loss at that time." Looking back on the past, although I have made great efforts to pursue a beautiful ideal of life, I can face the reality: my lover is separated, my beloved wife is dead, my prime years are gone, Ambition is hard to develop, achievements are not accomplished... The day when we suddenly wake up is no longer glorious. The tearful and tragic conclusion brings the poet back to his deep thinking and confusion about "What is the value of life? How to realize it?", which greatly enhances the shocking power of the poem. To sum up, "Jin Se" transforms the poet's own melancholy, desolate and confused emotions into sad images and injects them into the desolate and hazy poetic environment, thus making the poems more poignant, beautiful and secluded, and showing the poet's unique image mode. : Use gorgeous and sentimental objects to construct images.

4. The implicit nature of yongdian

Yongdian is also called yongshi. Any historical facts or language about people, places, things, and things in the past are quoted in poems as Those who use metaphors to increase the implicitness and elegance of words and sentences are called "yongdian". Most of Li Shangyin's poems are difficult to understand because of the use of allusions, and among all the poems, Jinse is the first. Because Li Shangyin "often uses it secretly, borrows or inflects it" in Jinse,5 the meaning of the poem is different from the meaning expressed in the original allusion. Liu Xie explained "yongdian" in "Wen Xin Diao Long", saying that it is "according to events to make meanings, and to refer to the past to prove the present." That is to say, it is used to compare the past with the present, to prove the present with the past, and to express feelings through the past.

The use of allusions in "Jin Se" is unique. Even if readers understand the connotation of the allusions, they still cannot find out the exact purpose of the poem. Because the allusions in the poem are divergent and suggestive, they can trigger people to make associations in many aspects and communicate various life experiences experienced by the appreciators. There is infinite regret in the strings and columns of the brocade, Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies always contains confused sighs, there is sadness and sadness in the cuckoo's cry of blood and the tears of the sea beads, the warm sun in the blue field and the smoke in the good jade are a kind of vague hope and hope. Confused and disappointed. What the poet wants to metaphorize is this kind of blurred and sentimental emotion indulged in memories. The poet uses mental images to melt physical images, and the emotional state and the metaphoric images are the same as the ontology. Those metaphors are the externalization of his mental images. The symbolic picture painted by the parallel use of allusions in the middle four sentences of the poem contains rich symbolic meanings, which can be said to contain almost all realms of life: the realm where things and myself are forgotten and the mind becomes a dream, the realm where life and death are transcended and the heart is turned toward the future. , images of the state of love, heaven, hatred, ocean, heart, soul, and ecstasy, all of which construct an eternal mystery, a mysterious eternity. These metaphors and mental images seem to overlap and accumulate one after another, and there is a thick layer of melancholy and sentimental fog on them. Even the poet himself feels that it is invisible and elusive, making the whole poem present a multi-layered hazy state. With strong feelings of melancholy and sentimentality. Every image and verse in the poem is both a landscape of life and an inner transformation. These allusions have been integrated and reorganized by the poet's mind, and are full of Zen meaning: The golden years are the emptiness of time, Zhuangsheng's dream of butterflies is the emptiness of the four elements, watching the cuckoo cry of the emperor is the emptiness of life experience, and the treasure left in the ocean is the emptiness of ambition. It was an ideal emptiness, but when I recalled it with confusion, it was even more embarrassing that it was an emotional emptiness.

There are fifty strings of brocade strings for no reason, each string and one column is reminiscent of the past.

Zhu's note: "Zhou Rites? Musical Instrument Pictures": "The zither has twenty-three strings, and the zither has twenty-five strings. The one decorated with precious jade is called Bao se, and the one with inscriptions like brocade is called Jin se." "Han Shu? Suburban Sacrifice Chronicles 1": "The Emperor of Qin asked the plain girl to play the fifty-stringed harp, which was saddened by the emperor's ban, so he broke the harp into a twenty-five-stringed harp." The first couplet reflects the poet's helplessness about the passage of time. It expresses the sadness and desolation of his own rough life experience. The harp is a kind of musical instrument. The author writes that the strings of the harp are dense and complex, just like his own emotions. Each string hides a piece of pain and melancholy. It not only hints at the delicate and complicated feeling, but also hints at the heavy and lingering sadness. Most of those who interpreted Yishan's poems in the past dynasties wrote this poem in their later years. Shang Yin was less than fifty years old, so he used "fifty strings" as a metaphor for his life, which triggered the following thoughts of "one string and one pillar".

Zhuang Sheng dreamed of butterflies at dawn, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart full of cuckoos

The first sentence of this couplet uses the story of Zhuang Sheng dreaming of butterflies in "Zhuangzi's Theory of Equality of Things". This is an allusion: "In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of a butterfly, and it was like a butterfly. It is self-explanatory, and it is suitable for ambition! I don't know Zhou Ye. Suddenly I feel it, then suddenly Zhou Ye, I don't know Zhou's dream is a butterfly, and the butterfly's dream is Zhou Yu?" Zhuangzi This fable vividly expresses his idea that all things have different shapes but are unified into one. Although Zhuang Zhou's Dream of Butterflies originated from Zhuang Sheng, once Li Shangyin used it, it already contained another layer of meaning. Li Shangyin quoted Zhuang Zhou's story of Mengdie, saying that life is like a dream and the past is like smoke. This sentence from Yuxi is written: The beautiful lady Jinse, a complex string music, awakened the poet from his dream, and he no longer fell asleep. Beautiful situations are often illusory and short-lived dreams. Li Bai's "Ancient Style 9" borrowed this allusion to express his lament about the ever-changing world: "Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, and butterflies dreamed of Zhuang Zhou. One body changes and everything changes, and everything goes well. I know Penglai water, and it becomes a clear and shallow stream." The man who grew melons in his family was the Marquis of Dongling in the old days. He was so rich and noble, so what could Yingying ask for?"

The allusion to the cuckoo's cry of blood in the next sentence comes from "Huayang Guozhi? Shu Zhi": "Du Yu." He was proclaimed emperor, and his title was Emperor Wang. ... His minister Kaiming decided to cut off the Yulei Mountain to eliminate the water damage, and the emperor then entrusted him with political affairs, following the instructions of Yao and Shun, and the emperor ascended to Xishan Yinyan in the second month of the year. , the cuckoo bird sings, so the people of Shu mourn the cuckoo bird song. "Zicuckoo is the cuckoo, also known as Zigui.

Cai Mengbi's "Du Gongbu Thatched Cottage Poetry Notes" No. 19 "Cuckoo" Poetry Annotation Quotes "Chengdu Chronicles": "When Emperor Wang died, his soul turned into a bird, named Du Juan, also called Zigui." Emperor Wang was the legendary figure at the end of the Zhou Dynasty The monarch of Shu is named Du Yu. Later, the Zen position retired. Unfortunately, the country was destroyed and the body died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. In late spring, it cried bitterly, and the mouth bleeds. The sound was sad and sad, touching the heart, and was named cuckoo. Du Yu's cry of spring, what does this have to do with Jinse? It turns out that the brocade strings and mournful music arouse the poet's infinite sadness and unspeakable resentment, just like hearing the sad sound of the cuckoo sending spring home. The word "tuo" not only describes Du Yu's entrusting his spring heart to the cuckoo, but also describes the beautiful woman's entrusting her spring heart to the brocade, waving his hands and seeing the flowers falling in the water. It is said that at the end of the Zhou Dynasty, the King of Shu Wangdi died. The soul turns into a cuckoo, which cries sadly every late spring until the mouth bleeds.

If Xiaomeng refers to a beautiful but short-lived dream, then what does Chunxin refer to? In fact, it contains a kind of sorrow that is pursued but fruitless, like a cuckoo. The legend of crying blood. Combining these two lines of poems, they form the story of a happy party in the spring night, and a lonely night in pain. Such two contrasting artistic conceptions really make people confused and sad, and they implicitly and tactfully express the spiritual content of the music played. The music, which may be urgent or slow, clear or resentful, is the wish of the husband and wife to express their love for each other and transform into butterfly queens to fly together. However, because it cannot be realized, it is as melancholy as the cuckoo cries for blood, and the heart is broken. .

The moon in the sea has tears, and the sun in Lantian is warm and the jade produces smoke.

"New Tang Book? Biography of Di Renjie": "Renjie cited Ming scriptures, transferred Bianzhou to join the army, falsely accused the officials and deposed Zhi, so that Yan Liben was just like the news, and he was different from his talents. Xie said: 'Zhongni "The moon is a pearl in the sky, and the pearls are like the bright moon in the water. Tears have been symbolized by pearls, which has been the case since ancient times. When a shark weeps, each pearl turns into a pearl, which is also a strange scene in the sea." . Its purpose is that at a time of political clarity, the author had unparalleled talent, but was inexplicably involved in the party war, like a pearl abandoned in the sea.

"Yuanhe County Chronicles": "Lantian County, Jingzhao Prefecture, Guannai Road: Lantian Mountain, also known as Yushan, is located 28 miles east of the county." Lu Ji, a litterateur of the Jin Dynasty, said in his "Wen There is a joint sentence in "Fu": "The mountains are shining with stone and jade, and the rivers are beautiful with pearls in the water." Lantian, the name of the mountain, is located in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi today, and is a famous place for producing jade. This mountain is illuminated by the sun, and the jade energy contained in it (the ancients believed that treasures have a kind of light energy that cannot be seen with ordinary eyesight) is slowly rising up. However, the essence of the beautiful jade appears to be there from a distance, but not up close, so it can be seen It is impossible to look forward to it, which represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it cannot be grasped and cannot be approached. Volume 18 of "Kunxue Jiwen": Sikong Biao Shengyun: "Dai Rongzhou described the scene of the poet as the warm sun in Lantian and the smoke from good jade. It can be expected but not placed in front of the eyebrows. Li Yishan's sentence about jade and smoke is based on "

So, is there any connection between Haiyue, Teardrops and Jinse that can be explored? Didn't Qian Qi's famous line of chanting Se say long ago, "Twenty-five strings play the moon at night, and all the grievances fly away"? Therefore, on a moonlit night, the grievances are particularly deep. In this way, isn't it possible to spy on the connection between the vast ocean and the moonlight realm and Se?

What the two sentences of the neck couplet express are yin and yang, cold and warm, beautiful jade and pearls. Although the realms are different, the sadness and hatred are the same. The poet is admiring and persistent for this noble emotion, but he dare not blaspheme or lament.

This feeling can be remembered later, but it was already at a loss.

What Ji Xiaolan calls "the four sentences in the middle are confused and confused, the so-called 'wandering'" 6 A long sigh has infinite meaning, containing so much longing, so much sadness, so much melancholy, and so much helplessness. Some people say that poetry is the precipitation of pain. People spend their lives pursuing happiness, but the path to pursuit is pain. Li Shangyin was depressed and frustrated throughout his life. In his early years, he was appreciated by Linghu Chu, who allowed him to associate with his son Linghu Gu and others, and personally taught him the art of modern Zhangzou. Later, he was hired as an inspector. Later, he entered Jingyuan and became the envoy Wang Maoyuanmu, and soon married the princess. However, Linghu Xu and Wang Maoyuan belonged to different parties, which aroused the jealousy of Linghu Xu and others, who were attacked as treacherous and incompetent. From then on, he was deeply involved in party strife and achieved nothing throughout his life. Li Shangyin was informed and controlled by others throughout his life. He was at a loss in advancement and retreat, and was extremely sad and angry. When faced with love, career, fame and fortune, he was always very contradictory and difficult to let go. His character was a bit weak and uncontested, but his emotions were very rich. This allows the poet to express his mood in obscure poems when he is helpless and miserable. When a person lives in contradiction and pain, people can only show a kind of helplessness.

When the helplessness and pain in Jinse are expressed in gorgeous language, we feel even more profound sadness. There is a saying that the most brilliant things turn into dullness, and the most painful things turn into helplessness.

1 Feng Hao, "Notes on the Collection of Poems by Yu Xisheng" Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. 1979

2 Dong Naibin "The Biography of Li Shangyin" Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Publishing House. 1985

3 Luo Zongqiang and Chen Hong "History of Ancient Chinese Literature" East China Normal University Press 2000: 403

4 Liu Wenbing Xugou County Chronicles? Folklore Chronicles Taiyuan: Shanxi People's Publishing House. 1992

: 288

5 Shi Zhecun's "Hundred Stories of Tang Poetry" Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1987: 576

6 Shen Houshuang's "Critical Summary of Li Yishan's Poems" 》 Sichuan People's Publishing House 1957