Explain the differences between Northeastern folk songs and Northern Shaanxi folk songs and the characteristics of folk songs in various places with examples

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First of all, let me tell you about the overall nature and characteristics of our country's folk songs:

Like other ancient nations in the world, Chinese folk songs are also based on the primitive culture of our ancestors. It originated from hunting, sacrifice, marriage, herding and other activities and gradually spread. Around the sixth century BC, the earliest collection of poems in my country, the Book of Songs, was continuously circulated in the form of singing. The "four-character" sentence pattern in it laid the foundation for the further development of Chinese folk song lyrics. Base.

After thousands of years of dissemination, evolution, innovation, and accumulation, Chinese folk songs have developed a rich range of themes and genres to adapt to different social classes and different folk scenes. Maturity, on the other hand, is the national and regional characteristics accumulated under the specific environments of different ethnic groups and different regions.

As a direct product of regional culture, folk songs are not only affected by landform conditions, but also integrated with different languages ??and dialect tones. Therefore, their national and regional characteristics and styles are almost innate. Extraordinarily prominent. Nowadays, most folk song researchers like to distinguish folk song styles according to regional distribution, such as the "Jiangnan Water Town Style" represented by Jiangnan Minor, the "Northwestern Plateau Style" represented by "Xintianyou" and "Hua'er", and the Northeastern Minor , "Northeast Plains Style" represented by "Errenzhuan", etc.

The Shanxi Plateau, Loess Plateau, and Qinghai Plateau to the west of the Taihang Mountains are collectively referred to as the Northwest Plateau. Northwest folk songs refer to the folk song genre popular in this region, the most representative of which is "Xintianyou" in northern Shaanxi. Northeastern folk songs refer to the collective name of Han Chinese minor tunes popular in the three northeastern provinces. Its lyrics are a poetic version of the living language of the Northeastern people. The most typical form is "Erren Zhuan".

2. The affectionate "Xintianyou" and the pungent and rough "Errenzhuan"

1. The representative of northwest folk songs - "Xintianyou"

" "Xintianyou", also called "Shuntianyou", is a special genre of folk songs in northern Shaanxi, which best represents the charm of northern Shaanxi folk songs. Folk songs in northern Shaanxi are deeply influenced by region and culture, especially the unique geographical location and lifestyle of the Loess Plateau. The individual characteristics of "Xintianyou" are very obvious.

Love songs are the essence of Xintianyou, and they are called sour songs among the people. Among them, the more famous songs such as "Orchid Flower", "Walking to the West Exit", etc. These songs reflect the characteristics of "Xintianyou" in artistic techniques, that is, they often use metaphors and objects to express aspirations, use scenes to express emotions, and have beautiful tunes and catchy tunes. . The musical characteristics of "Xintianyou" are mainly reflected in its free rhythm, simplicity and generosity, high pitch and long length. The sentence structure is very special, usually there are two sentences in each stanza, two sentences have one rhyme, and the rhyme may or may not be changed in the next stanza. A short song may have only one verse, but a long song may last for dozens or even hundreds of verses.

The unique artistic style of "Xintianyou" played a great role in promoting the development of Chinese folk songs. Its unique and beautiful melody has become a classic of Chinese folk songs through the innovation of subsequent generations of artists. , such as "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang" written by Li Ji, "Back to Yan'an" written by He Jingzhi, etc., were all created and sung through the format of "Xintianyou".

2. The representative of Northeastern folk songs - "Errenzhuan"

"Errenzhuan", also known as "Bengbeng", is a popular folk art in Northeast China with a strong local color. It has been popular to this day. It has a development history of more than three hundred years. Its libretto language is easy to understand, humorous and full of life. The original "Errenzhuan" was performed by artists performing Yangko during the day and singing Northeastern folk tunes (commonly known as "Little Yangko") at night. Later, with the increase in residents in the pass, "Errenzhuan" absorbed the original Northeastern Yangko and Northeastern folk songs. It gradually evolved into various art forms such as lotus falling, Northeast drum, Taiping drum, Bawang whip, Hebei bangzi, donkey shadow puppet and folk jokes. Therefore, the performance forms and singing styles are very rich.

The musical characteristics of "Errenzhuan" are mainly reflected in its rich and colorful singing tunes. Its singing tunes are known as "nine tunes and eighteen tunes, seventy-two tones".

Its structure is a series of qupai. There are more than 300 qupai accumulated, of which fifty-six are more common. During the performance of "Errenzhuan", due to its many characteristics of lyrics and melody, it also needs to be brought into play by the singer. For example, in the performance, the male and female duo should sing in the same tune and sing in the same tune, while dancing with props such as fans and three handkerchiefs. After the actress participates in the performance, the male and female voices sing at the same time, but the actress has to sing with her own voice, which is an octave higher than the male actor. The accompaniment of "Errenzhuan" is relatively rich, with suona and banhu with strong timbres to maintain the tune, and bamboo boards with crisp timbres as percussion instruments. Due to the cooperation of these unique vocal and instrumental music, coupled with the performance atmosphere of dancing within the song and singing within the dance, the beauty of the artistic personality of Northeastern folk songs that are simple, pungent, hearty, bright, hot and rough is highlighted.

The beauty of the difference between Northwest folk songs and Northeast folk songs

1. Singing form

The singing form of the Northwest folk song "Xintianyou" is mostly solo, while Northeast folk songs The performance of "Errenzhuan" is usually performed by two or more people. "Xintianyou" does not have high requirements for musical instruments during the singing process. It adopts the form of solo singing or simple melodic instruments. However, since "Errenzhuan" is performed by more than two performers, it sometimes requires the use of multiple voices. There are There are various forms such as solo singing, duet singing, duet singing, chorus singing, and combination of leading and singing. At the same time, there are also more demands for accompaniment instruments. In order to highlight its characteristics, hand-held props such as flower umbrellas and gauze scarves are also added.

2. Beat and mode

The beats of "Xintianyou" and "Errenzhuan" are both regular beats and have certain tunes. However, due to regional differences, there are differences between the two. A huge difference. In terms of mode, "Xintianyou" adopts a relatively unique special scale with the folk music style of northern Shaanxi, such as a seven-tone scale composed of unvoiced horn sounds and unvoiced feather sounds (known as the "bitter tone" mode by local artists). Among the modes of "Erren Zhuan", the Yi mode is the most common, followed by the Gong mode and the Yu mode, and the Jiao mode is the least.

3. Musical form, lyrics and tune

Most of the tunes of "Xintianyou" have a single-section structure, are short in length, and most of the phrases are consistent with the sentence patterns of the lyrics. Most of the structural parts in the piece are based on symmetrical relationships and have clear functions. "Errenzhuan", a highly performative minor tune, combines several different tunes to form a two- or multi-section suite. This also makes the performance of "Errenzhuan" have the characteristics of folk art music. performance characteristics. Lining words and lining tune are the most commonly used special means of song expression in Chinese folk songs. Lining words originally came from modal particles, interjections or onomatopoeia, etc., which themselves have strong musicality and the function of expressing emotions. When the melody of folk songs develops to the point where it is restricted by general lyrics and statements, lining words are often used to give greater play to the melody. The fragments that are accompanied by lining words are called lining tunes. The lining tunes can be large or small. The lining tunes that constitute a complete musical phrase are called "lining sentences". This feature is very obvious in the singing of "Er Ren Zhuan". The so-called "nine tunes and eighteen tunes, seventy-two tunes" actually illustrates the flexible use of lining words and tunes in "Er Ren Zhuan". On the contrary, " "Xintianyou" is weaker in this regard.

To sum up, although Northwest folk songs and Northeast folk songs are both transmitted from the folk, although they both have profound folk colors, they are very different in tune, lyrics and performance. On the one hand, it is influenced by the region, folk customs and labor production methods of the northwest and northeast; on the other hand, it also reflects the differences in the inner characters and inner needs of the people in the two places, and these differences create the wonders of Chinese folk songs. As one artist said, difference is a beauty. When we say that “where the soil and water support the people,” we actually emphasize the leading role that regional differences play in the diversity of art forms.

The emergence and development of folk songs are inseparable from social conditions, economic changes and people’s material lives. In the new century, the wave of global integration has a great impact on the creation of folk songs, and Under such a general background, it is of great significance to find the differences between northwest folk songs and northeastern folk songs.