Notes on Translation of Key Sections of Chen She Family

Chen Shengsheng, a native of Yangcheng, is involved in the word. Wu Guangzhe, a native of Yangxia, is uncle. When Chen She was young, he tried to plow with people's help, and on the ridge where he dropped out of farming, he felt sorry for a long time. He said, "If you are rich, you will never forget each other. "The servant smiled and replied," If you work as a servant, how can you be rich? "Chen She sighed, saying," Well, finches know the ambition of a swan!

in July of the first year of the second year, he sent a left-handed garrison of 9 people in Yuyang and moved to osawa Township. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang both became captains of the chariot. It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the temperature has been lost. If the time is lost, the law will be cut. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang said, "If you die today, you will die if you make big plans. If you wait for death, will you die?"? Chen Sheng said, "The world is bitter in Ku Jin. I heard that II had a younger son, but it was not done properly, and it was done by Fu Su, the son. Fu Su remonstrated the reason with several words, and made foreign generals. If you are not guilty today, you will be killed by II. Many people hear about their sages, but they don't know their deaths. Xiang Yan, a general of Chu, made many contributions, loved foot soldiers, and the Chu people pitied him. Or think of death, or think of death. Today, I sincerely call myself childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan, and sing for the world, so I should be more responsive. "Wu Guang. Naixingbu Knowing his meaning, the diviner said, "Everything is successful in the first step, and it is meritorious. But the first step is the ghost of divination! "Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxi, thinking of ghosts, said," This taught me to show my ears first. "It's" Chen Shengwang "written by Dan Shu, and it's put in the belly of a fish. It is strange that a pawn buys fish for cooking and gets a book in the belly of the fish. In the temple next to Wu Guangzhi, there was a bonfire at night, and the fox called "Great Chu Xing, Chen Shengwang". All the soldiers were frightened at night. On the day of death, stroke often speaks, all referring to Chen Sheng.

Wu Guangsu loves his wife, and his foot soldiers are mostly users. Drunk the captain, so he said that he wanted to die, angered the captain, and humiliated him to anger his public. Weiguo is wide. WeiJianTing, widely, seize and kill the commandant. Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commandants. The summoner said, "When it rains, all of them are overdue. If they are overdue, they should be beheaded. My brother ordered me not to behead, but to guard the dead. And if a strong man dies, he will be famous, and princes will have seed! "All the disciples said," Respect your orders. "Is the son of Fu Su, Xiang Yan, from people's desire. Being partial to the right is called Da Chu. Alliance for the altar, sacrifice to the captain. Chen Sheng became a general and Wu Guang was a captain. Attack osawa Township, and then attack it. Under the circumstance, Ge Ying, the commander, turned his soldiers to the east. Attack, hairpin, bitter, zhe, qiaocheng all down. Ok, retreat. Compared with Chen, he rode six or seven hundred cars, rode more than a thousand, and died tens of thousands of people. When attacking Chen, Chen Shouling was absent, and he was alone in the door of Cheng and the war. Fu Sheng, Shou Cheng died, but it is according to Chen. A few days later, the order called the three elders, heroes and all to come to the accounting office. The three elders and the heroes all said, "The general is determined and determined, and he has no way to cut down, and he has destroyed Qin and rebuilt the state of Chu, so he should be king. "Chen She was made king, named Zhang Chu.

At this time, those who suffered from Qin officials in all counties and counties were punished by their long officials and killed in response to Chen She. Wu Shu was taken as the false king, and the generals were supervised to attack Xingyang to the west. Chen people, Wu Chen, Zhang Er and Chen Yu were partial to Zhao, and your Yin people, Deng Zong, were partial to Jiujiang County. At this time, thousands of Chu soldiers gathered together, which is countless.

key words

interchangeable words

1. It is necessary for 9 people in Yuyang to use the word "Yi": coercion.

2. Sing "Advocacy" for the whole world, and advocate

3. Take strange things as a solid way to communicate "already", and have

ancient and modern synonyms

1. Or think of death, or think of death: ancient meaning: some people have modern meaning: or, Maybe death: ancient meaning: escape, present meaning: death

2. Call three old people, heroes and all come to do accounting. Heroes: ancient meaning: people with prestige and status: people with outstanding talents

Accounting: ancient meaning: people in charge of financial calculation

3. On weekdays, strokes often say: ancient meaning: people everywhere.

4. All refer to the order Chen Sheng: nouns are used as verbs, see

5. Night bonfire night: nouns are used as adverbials, bonfires at night: nouns are used as verbs, and bonfires are lit

6. Fish are caught by people: nouns are used as verbs, and the original meaning is fishing nets, which means "fishing" here. Hard armor

sharp: adjectives are used as nouns, sharp weapons

8, angry and sorrowful: adjectives are used to make ... angry

9, overdue, all methods are cut: nouns are used as verbs, according to the law

reading rhythm

1, and guarding the dead/.

2. The root cause of the uprising: Ku Jin is suffering all over the world.

3. Public opinion preparation for the uprising: a bonfire will sound like a fox, and a book will be placed in the belly of a fish.

4. "To sing for the world, we should be more responsive" is similar to the view advocated by Mencius. In Mencius' words, those who have gained the Tao are more helpful, while those who have lost it are less helpful.

5. The strategy of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising is: Today, I sincerely call myself childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan by cheating others, and sing for the world, so I should be more responsive.

6. What public opinion preparations (propaganda work) did Chen Sheng make for the uprising? Dan Shu silks called "Chen Shengwang" and put it in the belly of a fish; At the bonfire at night, the fox called "Great Chu Xing, Chen Shengwang".

7. In the article, when Chen She launched an uprising, he directly challenged the feudal rulers to inspire everyone: "A prince would rather have seed!"

8. A sentence that shows that Chen She has great ideals since childhood is that the finches know the ambition of a swan.

9. Chen She Jiegan Uprising. The reason why people from all over the country responded in succession was that (counties and counties) suffered from Qin officials

1. The fuse of the uprising was that it was delayed in the rain. If it was delayed, it should be cut.

translation of key sentences

1. Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commandant

* Chen Sheng assisted (helped) Wu Guang. Together (a * * *), he killed two officers

2. Xiang Yan, sing for the world, should be more. If we, the people, pretend to help the Soviet Union and Xiang Yan's team, send a call to the whole country, there should be many people who will respond.

3. If a strong man dies, he will die. If he dies, he will raise his name. How dare princes!

* What's more, a gentleman will die before he dies, and he will do something great when he dies. Do princes and princes have natural noble species?

4. Make an alliance for the altar and offer a sacrifice to the commander. * Build a platform (with earth) and take an oath (on the platform) to worship the sky with the head of (two) commandant.

5, princes would rather have seed! * princes and princes are born with expensive species!

6, borrow the first order not to behead, while guarding the dead. * Even if they can only be spared execution, those who guard the frontier fortress will have to die 67/1.

Translation

Chen Sheng is a native of Yangcheng County, and his name is She. Wu Guang is a native of Yangxia County, and his name is Uncle. When Chen Sheng was young, he was employed to cultivate land with others. (One day), he stopped farming and went to the highland by the field (rest). After sighing for a long time because of disappointment, he said to his companions, "If one of us becomes rich one day, don't forget each other." His companions smiled and answered him, "You were hired to cultivate land, so you can't talk about wealth!" " Chen Sheng sighed and said, "How can a sparrow know the lofty aspiration of a swan?"

In July of the first year of Emperor Qin Ershi, 9 poor civilians were recruited to defend Yuyang and temporarily stationed in osawa Township. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were both included in this team and served as team leaders. It is raining heavily, and the road is blocked, considering that the deadline has been missed. If you miss the deadline, you will be beheaded according to the military law of the Qin Dynasty. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang discussed together and said, "Now it is also death to escape (catch back), and it is also death to rise up and rebel. Anyway, they are all dead. It is better to die for the country. How about this?" Chen Sheng said: "The people of the whole country have been oppressed by the Qin Dynasty for a long time and suffered terribly. I heard that II was the youngest son (of Qin Shihuang) and should not be made king, but the eldest son, Fu Su. Fu Su was persuaded by the first emperor for many times, and the first emperor sent him to the frontier to lead troops. Recently, it was rumored that II killed him for no reason. Most people heard that he was wise, but they didn't know that he was dead. When Xiang Yan was a general of Chu, he made many contributions and cared for his foot soldiers. People in Chu loved him very much. Some people thought that he had died in battle, while others thought that he had escaped. Now, if we pretend to be the team of childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan and call on the whole country, there should be many people to respond. " Wu Guang thinks (this view) is correct. (two people) then went to calculate divination. Knowing their intentions, the diviner said, "You can accomplish everything and make contributions. But you'd better ask ghosts and gods! " Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were very happy. They figured out the meaning of "asking ghosts and gods" and finally realized: "This is to teach us to establish prestige among people first." So he wrote the words "Chen Shengwang" on the silk strips with vermilion, and then stuffed the silk strips into the belly of a fish that was netted by others. The soldiers bought the fish and cooked it. They found the silk strips in the belly of the fish, which was already strange. (Chen Sheng) secretly sent Wu Guang to hide in the temple in the jungle near the station. After dark, he lit lanterns (installed jack-o'-lantern), pretended to be the voice of a fox, and shouted to (the soldiers): "Great Chu is revived, and Chen Sheng is king." The soldiers were frightened and frightened all night. The next day, everyone talked about it everywhere, pointing at each other and gesticulating at Chen Sheng.

Wu Guang usually cares about the people around him, and most of the soldiers are willing to contribute to him. (That day) (two) officers were drunk, and Wu Guang deliberately repeatedly proposed to escape, making them angry and making them punish him, so as to anger the soldiers. The officer did whip Wu Guang. The soldiers were indignant. The officer (just) drew his sword to intimidate (the soldiers). Wu Guang jumped up and grabbed the sword to kill him. Chen Sheng assisted Wu Guang and killed two officers together. Chen Sheng called all the guards together and announced the order, saying, "Everyone (here) was caught in heavy rain, and they all exceeded the stipulated time limit for reaching Yuyang. If it expires, it will be decapitated. Even if you don't get killed by luck, six or seven of the ten people who defend the frontier fortress will die. Besides, if a gentleman doesn't die, he will do something big. Are princes and princes born expensive? " The guards replied in unison, "I will obey your orders." So they pretended to be the team of childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan, in order to obey the wishes of the people. Everyone showed their right arms (as a sign of the rebel army) and played the banner of Dachu. He also built a high platform, held a swearing-in ceremony, and sacrificed the heads of the two officers to heaven and earth. Chen Sheng established himself as a general and Wu Guang as a captain. The insurgents (first) attacked osawa Township, occupied the township and then attacked Qi County. After conquering Qi County, Ge Ying, a messenger, led troops to capture the east of Qi County. (Chen Sheng led the army) and attacked the counties of Luo, Yan, Ku, Zhe and Qiao, all of which were taken down. By the time we got to Chen County, we had six or seven hundred chariots, more than one thousand horses and tens of thousands of foot soldiers. When attacking Chen county, the county magistrate and county magistrate were not in the city, and only Shoucheng led troops to fight in Qiaomen. The insurgents could not be defeated (for a while), and Shoucheng was killed (soon) before the army entered Chen County. A few days later, Chen Sheng called local township officials and prestigious people to discuss important matters. These people said with one voice, "General, you personally went into battle with armor and weapons, crusaded against the cruel and heartless state of Qin and restored the state of Chu, and you should be king in terms of merits." So Chen Sheng was acclaimed as king, claiming to rebuild Chu. At this time, people who were oppressed by the officials of the Qin Dynasty in various counties and counties revolted in succession, punished local officials and killed them in response to Chen Sheng's call.

The author introduces

Sima Qian (145-9 BC), a historian and writer of the Western Han Dynasty. Zi Chang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (145 BC), he was born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of Han Dynasty (135 BC) and died in 9 BC at the age of 55.

Western Han historians and writers. Word length, Zuo Fengyi xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi, near Longmen. Therefore, Sima Qian claimed to be "moving to the Longmen" and "Preface to Taishigong", Longmen Mountain, which is very famous. Legend has it that Dayu once opened a mountain in Longmen to control water. To the south of Longmen Mountain is the Yellow River. Sima Qian's home is just between the Yellow River and Longmen. There are many local places of interest. Sima Qian enjoyed the scenic spots of mountains and rivers since he was a child, but he also had the opportunity to hear many historical legends and stories. ) people. Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (145 BC), he was born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of Han Dynasty (135 BC) and died in 9 BC at the age of 55. Sima Qian's Tomb is located at the east foot of Liangshan Mountain on the west bank of the Yellow River, outside the south gate of Zhichuan Town, 1 kilometers south of hancheng city, and is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Sima Qian began to learn the biography of ancient documents at the age of 1. At the age of 2, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, inspecting customs and collecting legends wherever he went. In the third year of Yuan Feng (the first 18 years), Sima Qian succeeded his father Sima Tan as Taishiling. Since then, Sima Qian began to write Historical Records. Later, for defending Li Ling who surrendered to Xiongnu, he was convicted, imprisoned and rotted. After he was released from prison, he served as a secretary, continued to write books angrily, and finally completed the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu. It is China's first biographical general history, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography.

Sima Qian also wrote A Letter to Ren An, which describes his imprisonment and his ambition to write a book, and is praised by all generations.

Background

There have been many peasant uprisings in the history of China. These peasant uprisings were forced by cruel feudal rule, which fully explained the truth that officials forced the people to revolt. Every peasant uprising dealt a heavy blow to the dark feudal rule, and some even overthrew the feudal dynasty, which was the driving force to advance history, promote the change of feudal production relations and promote the development of productive forces. The first peasant uprising in China history took place in Chen Sheng at the end of the Qin Dynasty. Daze Township Uprising led by Wu Guang, which established the first peasant regime in Chinese history-Zhang Chu, dealt a fatal blow to the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, and prompted the Qin Dynasty to die quickly, so that the Qin Dynasty, which started with Qin Shihuang and wanted to rule China forever, was replaced by Liu Bang's Western Han regime after only a short period of 15 years.

① Sima Qian's father, Sima Tan, was knowledgeable, and took the post of Taishi Order (historian) when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in charge of the secret books. Influenced by his father since childhood, Sima Qian went to Chang 'an to study at the age of 1. Since the age of 2, he has traveled to the north and south many times, observed the customs and collected rumors and different opinions, which laid the foundation for later writing Historical Records. At the age of 38, he succeeded Taishiling, and he had more opportunities to read the royal library and master rich historical materials. At the age of 42, he began to write Historical Records. Later, he was angered by writing a letter to defend Li Ling, the Han general who surrendered to the Huns. He was imprisoned. In order to complete the Historical Records, Sima Qian wrote a book with humiliation and anger, which lasted for more than 1 years, and finally became a historical masterpiece.

(2) Historical Records is the first biographical history in China and the first biographical literature in China. This book records the history of more than 3, years from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The whole book includes 12 "notebooks"