Taking the wooden tower of Brahma Temple as the prototype, what kind of craftsman is Yu Hao?

project overview

Name of the work: Brahma Temple Wooden Pagoda Author: (Northern Song Dynasty) Shen Kuo from: "Meng Qian Bi Tan"

original work

When Qian was in Zhejiang, he built a wooden tower in Brahma Temple in Hangzhou, with two or three floors. Qian Shuai climbed up, suffering from its tower movement. The craftsman said, "it's not laid, it's light on the top, so it is." It's made of wabu. It's as touching as ever. Helpless, the messenger sent his wife to see Yuhao's wife and asked her why the tower moved. Hao smiled and said, "It sounds good, but after laying the board layer by layer, you can nail it, but it won't move." As the craftsman said, the tower is settled. A bundle of nails is nailed to the nail board, and six acts are connected into a basket. People walk on the chessboard, deadlocked in six acts, unable to move. Everyone is very modest. The analysis shows that Yu Hao thinks this matter is very simple, which highlights Yu Hao's superb skills. And ridicule the incompetence of craftsmen. The messenger's wife wrote that the craftsman was afraid that others would know his incompetence, showing his embarrassment and good intentions, and also described his pride from the side. Word definition (0) Qian's family refers to Qian's family, the monarch of wuyue in the Five Dynasties. Qian Liu was founded in 895 AD, and its Sun Hongqian surrendered to the Song Dynasty. Wuyue's borders include parts of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian. Zhejiang: Zhejiang Road, located in present-day Hangzhou, including present-day Shanghai, Zhejiang and southeastern Jiangsu. (1) According to: rule, separatist regime (2) Yu: Fang: Cai (4) Level: Layer (5) 1: Refers to the wooden tower being built (6) Suffering from: doubt, worry (There are two meanings in the notes of the textbook of the Soviet Education Edition, according to the context, (7) it: this (8) craftsman: craftsman (9) teacher: master (10) cloud: saying (1 1) cloth: layout (12) reason: so (65438) begins. Basket: An open box. Pronunciation is qiè. Open (37) shoes from the side, walk, step (38), stay in the same position (39), hug (40) and support each other.

Translation of works

When the former dynasty ruled Zhejiang, Brahma Temple in Hangzhou built a wooden tower with only two or three floors. Qian Shuai boarded the wooden tower and thought it was shaking. The craftsman said, "The tile has not been paved yet, and the top is light. That's it." So I put tiles on the tower, but the wooden tower was still shaking as before. No way, the craftsman secretly sent his wife to see Yu Hao's wife, gave her the gold hairpin, and asked why the wooden tower was shaking. Yu Hao smiled and said, "It's easy. As long as the boards are laid layer by layer and nailed firmly, they will not shake. " The craftsman did as he said, and the tower was stable. Because the board is nailed firmly, it is tied tightly up and down, and it is connected up and down, left and right. Just like a box, when people step on the floor, the upper and lower sides and the surrounding walls support each other. Of course, the tower will not shake. People admire Yu Hao's skill and good at it.

theme

This paper describes that Yu Hao, a famous architect in the Northern Song Dynasty, used "cloth boards" and "solid nails" to strengthen the structural integrity. The solution to the instability of wooden towers shows that China reached a fairly high level in architectural theory and technology as early as 1000 years ago. This paper describes the process from "moving" to "fixing" of the wooden tower of Brahma Temple, and reveals the reason why the wooden tower is "fixed", that is, "six disciples are at loggerheads, and self", which shows the exquisite architectural structure and super-high technical level in ancient China. The narrative description of the article also shows great skills, thus enhancing the appeal of the full text. For example, "suffering from the tower moving" and "moving as before" pave the way for the later "tower has been fixed"; Another example is the detailed description of "Chai Jin is a bribe". The language description of "Hao Xiaoyue" is very vivid and relevant, which is closely related to the content of the explanation.

Layering of works

This paper is divided into three layers, as follows: The first layer: Qian built a wooden tower in Brahma Temple in Hangzhou when he was in Zhejiang, and Qian Shuai climbed the mountain and was moved by the tower. The craftsman said, "it's not laid, it's light on the top, so it is." It's made of wabu. It's as touching as ever. It is said that the instability of the tower during the construction process has not been solved by the craftsmen's understanding and practice. Second floor: Helpless, he sent his wife to see Yu Hao's wife and asked her why the tower moved. Hao smiled and said, "It's nice to hear, but after laying the board layer by layer, you can nail it, but it won't move." As the craftsman said, the tower is settled. In Yu Hao, the problem of tower instability was solved by "paving boards" and "nailing". The third floor: nail boards are bundled, and six screens are connected into a basket. People follow the board, six acts of stalemate, can not move. Everyone is very modest. I talked about it: I explained the reason for "building a tower" and wrote everyone's reaction to this matter, which also reflected the superb level of Yu Hao's architectural technology.

Brief introduction of the author

Shen Kuo, a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), was a famous scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was born in an official family. Injong Jiayou years Jinshi, Yangzhou secretariat of the army. Later, he was recommended to the capital Zhaowen Museum to be responsible for the editing and proofreading of books. When he was a Shinto, he actively participated in Wang Anshi's political reform and was entrusted with important tasks many times. He has been promoted to the position of secretary, served as a bachelor of Hanlin, and served as a special envoy of Quan. He also sent envoys to Liao countries to negotiate border demarcation. Later, Yanzhou (now Yan 'an, Shaanxi) was demoted for being involved in the defeat of others. In his later years, he lived in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) and Meng Xi Park. During this period, he wrote a book based on his own scientific practice and life experience. Shen Kuo has profound knowledge and outstanding achievements, and has exquisite research and unique opinions in astronomy, geoscience, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, water conservancy, military affairs, literature, music and many other fields. He wrote many books in his life, including 22 kinds of 155 volumes according to History of Song Dynasty and Records of Arts and Literature, and 18 volumes according to Meng Qian's Bitan and various bibliographies in Song Dynasty. Only 26 volumes of Meng Qian's Bi Tan, 3 volumes of Bu Bi Tan, Continued Bi Tan 1 volume, Changxing Ji 19 volume and some of Shen Kuo's medical prescriptions in Liang Fang, Su Shen have been lost.

About Meng Qian Bitan

Meng Qian Bi Tan recorded in detail the outstanding contributions of working people in science and technology and their own research results, reflecting the brilliant achievements of natural science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty. Meng Qianbi's talk includes bi talk, bi talk and continuous bi talk. The twenty-six volumes of Bi Tan are divided into seventeen chapters, which are "story, dialectics, music, image, personnel, government, wit, art, calligraphy and painting, skill, utility, magic, strangeness, fallacy, ridicule, magazine and medical discussion" in turn. "Bu Bi Tan" consists of three volumes, including eleven articles mentioned above. "Continued Talk" is a volume, regardless of the door. The book contains 609 articles (slightly different in different versions), covering astronomy, calendar, meteorology, geology, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, agriculture, water conservancy, architecture, medicine, history, literature, art, personnel, military affairs, law and many other fields. Among these projects, they belong to humanities such as anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and music. About18% of all projects; Natural science accounts for about 36% of the book, and personnel information, military affairs, law and anecdotes account for about 46% of the book. In terms of nature, Meng Qian Bitan belongs to the category of notes. In terms of content, more than one-third of the space is used to describe and expound natural science knowledge, which is rare in notebook writing. Because Shen Kuo himself has a high scientific literacy, the scientific and technological knowledge he recorded is of great value, which basically reflects the scientific development level of the Northern Song Dynasty and his own research experience, so he is praised by modern people as "the coordinate in the history of science in China". For example, Meng Qian Bi Tan-Volume 18-Skills correctly and in detail records the clay movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng Buyi, which is the earliest reliable historical data about movable type printing in the world and has been highly valued by the international literary and historical circles. In addition, other major scientific and technological inventions and figures in the Northern Song Dynasty were handed down from generation to generation by the records in this book. For example, the record of Yu Hao's "Wood Classic" and its architectural achievements, the ingenious method of three customs clearance in water conservancy projects, the mastery of calendar by Buyi Weipu in Huainan, the explanation of rainbow and Lu Longjuan by Sun Sigong from Dengzhou, the technology of "Tuangang" and "pouring steel" in Hebei, the application of "boil" by Qiang people in cold working and smelting, and the production of "dipping copper" are all treasures in the history of science and technology. The above description of Meng Qian Bitan's scientific and technological achievements in the Northern Song Dynasty is enough to make him famous in history. Moreover, the book also recorded many original opinions of Shen Kuo himself, which further promoted the scientific development of the Northern Song Dynasty.

evaluate

Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a book on Meng Xi, which summarized many scientific and technological achievements in ancient China, mainly in the Northern Song Dynasty, and played an important role in the history of our country and the world. Needham, a British scholar, called Shen Kuo "the most outstanding figure in the history of science in China" and "Talk about Meng Xi" a "milestone in the history of science in China". Supplement to lesson 2 1 last semester of Su Jiao Edition: "Meng Qian's two stories"

The cultural relics unit that edited this paragraph.

Brahma Temple is a key cultural relic protection unit in Zhejiang Province. Located at the southern foot of Fenghuang Mountain in the south of Hangzhou, in front of the original Brahma Temple at the western end of Brahma Temple Road. It is a treasure of the combination of architectural art and sculpture art in wuyue. Brahma Temple is a famous temple in Wu Yue State during the Five Dynasties. According to Wu Yue Shi, in the second year of Liang (9 16) and the sixth year of Qianlong, the Sakyamuni Buddha Tower of Ayurveda Temple in Yingxian (now Yinxian) went to Hangzhou to build the South Tower for collection. The south tower of Houcheng was destroyed by fire. In the third year of Gande (965), Qian Hongchu, King of Wu Yue, was rebuilt and later renamed Brahma Temple. In the second year of Zhenming (9 16), after the Five Dynasties, King Wu of Yue paid for the Sakyamuni relic of Asoka Temple in Mingzhou (now Ningbo), built a tower in front of Brahma Temple, named the South Tower, and was later destroyed by fire. In the third year of Song Gande (965), Hong Qian built two classic stone buildings on the original site, with a distance of 10 meters and a height of 15.67 meters. Now well preserved, it is the highest existing classic building in Zhejiang Province. The wooden tower of Brahma Temple is missing. In Hangzhou, there used to be a Brahma Temple, where incense flourished. Nowadays, Brahma Temple has finally been completely destroyed in historical changes, and the famous wooden tower of Brahma Temple has completely disappeared in front of the world.