A mathematician's short story

Dr Qiu Chengtong is an internationally renowned mathematician, a member of the American Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the China Academy of Sciences. 1982, because of his outstanding work in geometry, he won the Fields Medal (known as the Nobel Prize in mathematics). 1994 was awarded the internationally renowned Clifford Prize by Swedish royal students. 1997 won the National Science Award.

Dr Qiu Chengtong has made outstanding achievements in scientific research and won many honors. More importantly, he paid close attention to the development of basic research in China and closely linked it with his own scientific research development. Over the years, he has been using his international influence and activity ability to cooperate with various forces, and has done a lot of work for the development of mathematics in China.

2. Zu Chongzhi

The name of Zu Chongzhi, a friend of the Science Museum of the Paris Discovery Palace, is tied to the value of pi he discovered. He once calculated that the time for the moon to go around the earth is 27.2 1223 days, which is so different from the modern recognized time of 27.2 1222 days. It is admirable that western scientists named one of the many craters on the moon "Zu Chongzhi".

Even in Russia, the "big brother" of socialist countries, there are Zu Chongzhi and Li Shizhen of China in the portraits of famous scientists from all over the world inlaid with colored marble on the gallery wall of Moscow State University, and Zu's performance is so outstanding that we have to get to know him a little.

3. Tao Zhexuan

Tao Zhexuan was born in Adelaide, Australia, the eldest son of his family. At present, he is a Chinese mathematician who teaches in the Department of Mathematics at UCLA, the only Australian-Chinese professor of mathematics who won the Fields Prize, and the second Chinese to win this honor after Qiu Chengtong (1982). 1996 received his Ph.D. from Princeton University and taught at UCLA. At the age of 24, he was hired as a full professor by UCLA.

The story of mathematician Hua

Grandpa Hua is a world-class mathematician with only a junior high school diploma. 1911.01.02 was born in Jintan county, Jiangsu province. He studied hard when he was a child. After graduating from junior high school and entering Shanghai China Vocational School, he dropped out of school because he could not afford the tuition. After dropping out of school, he worked as a bookkeeper in a small grocery store At the same time, he insisted on teaching himself mathematics, borrowing books and copying books everywhere, and formed the habit of "gnawing" math problems. He taught himself high school courses in five years and all college courses in two years. He has taught in many universities at home and abroad. At the age of 19, he began to publish papers and published dozens of papers, becoming a famous mathematician. Grandpa Hua died during a visit to Japan on June 1985.

The diary led him to success.

Jacob Bernoulli is a famous mathematician in Europe. He was born in 1654 in Basel, Switzerland.

From the age of 13, Jacob kept a diary quietly, and he recorded all his gains and problems in his study. When I opened his diary, I had the experience of reading books, newspapers and magazines, the inspiration of discussing mathematical problems with others, and the whim of solving mathematical problems ... The diary became Jacob's set of problems in learning mathematics, the set of ideas and methods for solving problems, and the set of gains and achievements in studying mathematical problems.

Jacob's persistent pursuit of mathematics finally led him to learn mathematics. He became a professor of mathematics in university of basel at the age of 33.

The epitaph of a mathematician

Some mathematicians devoted themselves to mathematics before their death, and after their death, they carved symbols representing their life achievements on tombstones.

Archimedes, an ancient Greek scholar, died at the hands of Roman enemy soldiers who attacked Sicily (before he died, he said, "Don't break me."

This circle. " ), in memory of him, people carved the figure of the ball carved on the cylinder on his tombstone to commemorate his discovery of the volume of the ball.

And the surface area is two thirds of the volume and surface area of the circumscribed cylinder. German mathematician Gauss found positive ten in his research.

After practicing the heptagon ruler, he gave up his original intention of studying literature and devoted himself to mathematics, which made him achieve a lot in mathematics.

Great contribution. Even in his will, he suggested building a tombstone with a regular 17 prism as the base.

A German mathematician in the 0/6th century AD/KLOC spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, which became Lu.

Randolph counted it, and after his death, someone carved it on his tombstone.

Jacques Bernoulli, a Swiss mathematician, studied the spiral (known as the thread of life) before his death. After he died, on the tombstone,

It is engraved with a logarithmic spiral, and the inscription reads: "Although I have changed, I am the same as before." This is a sentence that has both.

Pun intended, describing the essence of spiral, symbolizing his love for mathematics.

Von Neumann, one of the most outstanding mathematicians in the 20th century.

As we all know, the electronic computer invented by 1946 has greatly promoted the progress of science and technology and society.

The progress of life. In view of von Neumann's key role in the invention of electronic computer, he is praised as "computer" by westerners.

The father of machines191-1921von Neumann made his mark when he was studying at Lu Se Lun Middle School in Budapest.

I am valued by my teacher. Under Fichte's individual guidance, I co-published my first math paper. At this time, von Neumann

Less than 18 years old.

Descartes

Descartes' most outstanding achievement in the development of mathematics is the creation of analytic geometry. In Descartes' time, algebra was still a relatively new discipline, and geometric thinking still dominated the minds of mathematicians. Descartes devoted himself to studying the connection between algebra and geometry. 1637, after establishing the coordinate system, he successfully established analytic geometry. His achievements laid the foundation for the creation of calculus. Analytic geometry is still one of the important mathematical methods.

Mathematical short stories

Oral arithmetic is boring for many students, and sometimes its importance is often overlooked. However, after adding "onion and garlic seasoning" such as mathematical stories to the oral calculation, it has become a "gourmet" for students. Let's have a taste:

Bajie ate some peaches.

Bajie went to Huaguoshan to find Wukong, but the Great Sage was not at home. The little monkeys warmly entertained Bajie and picked 100 of the most delicious peaches in the mountains. Bajie said happily, "Let's eat together!" How to eat? Counting ***30 monkeys, Bajie found a branch and drew it on the ground, and listed the formula, 100 ÷ 30 = 3... 1.

Pig Bajie pointed to the top three and said generously, "You can eat three peaches each. Look, the rest 1 I ate it! " The little monkeys were very grateful to Bajie. They thanked him one by one, and then each took his share.

When Wukong came back, the little monkeys told Wukong how generous Bajie was today and why he only ate a pecan. Seeing Pig's arrangement, Wukong shouted, "What a fool! I'll find him! "

Haha, do you know how many peaches Bajie ate?

● The origin of Arabic numerals

Xiaoming is a child who likes to ask questions. One day, he became interested in the numbers 0-9: Why is it called "Arabic numerals"? So he went to ask his mother, "Since 0-9 is called Arabic numerals, it must have been invented by Arabs, mom?"

Mom shook her head and said, "Arabic numerals were actually invented by Indians." About 1500 years ago, Indians used a special word to represent numbers. There are 10 words, and you can write both strokes. Later, these figures were introduced into Arabia. Arabs think these numbers are simple and practical, so they are widely used in their own countries and spread to Europe. In this way, it gradually became the number we use today. Because Arabs have played a great role in spreading these numbers, people are used to calling them' Arabic numbers'. "

Xiao Ming heard this and said, "So that's it. Mom, can this be called' making a mistake'? " Mom smiled.

● Children's Song Competition

The animal school held a children's song competition, with the elephant teacher as the referee.

The little monkey raised his hand first and began to recite: "I can calculate carry addition, and the digits can only be added if they are aligned." The number of digits should be aligned with the number of digits. When the number of digits exceeds ten, the number of digits should be advanced to ten. Add ten and one to count quickly and accurately. "

As soon as the little monkey finished speaking, the puppy began to recite again: "abdication and subtraction are not difficult, just align the numbers." If the single digits are small enough, ten people can borrow one. If ten people return, one will be ten, and if they return, one will be missing. How to reduce ten digits, ten digits will be reduced again and again. "

Everyone applauded their wonderful performance. Teacher Elephant said, "Their nursery rhymes make us understand that both carry addition and abdication subtraction should win the championship, ok?" Everyone agrees and applauds them.

Skills of, and.

A long time ago, the kingdom of mathematics was chaotic. The 0-9 brothers not only dominate the kingdom, but also boast of their greatest skills. The math angel was very angry when he saw this situation. He sent three little angels to the math kingdom to establish order and avoid chaos.

Three little angels came to the kingdom of mathematics, and 0-9 brothers looked at them contemptuously. Q: "What are you three doing in the kingdom of mathematics? You are not welcome! "

He smiled and said, "We are judges sent by angels to help you govern your country. I am an equal sign, and these two are' greater than sign' and' less than sign'. Whoever they speak to is greater. Whoever they point to is small. "

When the ten brothers heard that they were judges sent by angels, they obeyed the orders of God and ... and from then on, the mathematics kingdom had a strict order, and no one would violate it.

● Little Bear opens a shop.

Bear doesn't like studying, but just wants to do business, so he opened a fruit shop next to the school. Rabbit and monkey are his classmates. They have agreed to teach this lazy guy who doesn't like school.

They came to bear's fruit shop.

"How much are the peaches?" Asked the little monkey.

"The first basket is 6 yuan and 3 Jin, and the second basket is 6 yuan and 2 Jin." The bear replied.

The little monkey said, "If I take 5 kilograms from two baskets, I will pay you 12 yuan, right?"

The bear nodded.

"That I want it all. Since 5 kg is 12 yuan, then 60 kg is 12× 12= 144 yuan, right? "

"Exactly, exactly." Said the bear.

So the little monkey bought all the peaches, paid the money and left happily with the little rabbit.

When I get home at night, the bear pays the bill, which is a loss anyway. The next day, the little monkey and the little rabbit found the little bear and told him the situation. They smiled and said, "It's all because you don't study well that we came to teach you a lesson." They replenished the little money to the bear.

Bear hung his head in shame, and since then, he has been very serious in class every day. The three of them became good friends.

● Tang Priest and his disciples pick peaches.

One day, the Tang Priest told his disciples Wukong, Bajie and Friar Sand to go to Huaguoshan to pick peaches. Soon, the three disciples came back happily after picking peaches. Tang Priest and his disciples asked: How many peaches did each of you pick?

Bajie said with a silly smile, Master, let me test you. Each of us took the same amount of money. There are less than 65,438+000 peaches in my basket. If we count three peaches, there are 1 peach left in the end. Do the math. How many did each of us choose?

Friar Sand said mysteriously, Master, I will test you, too. If there are four peaches in my basket, there is 1 left in the end. Do the math. How many did each of us choose?

Wukong smiled and said, Master, I'll test you, too. If there are five peaches in my basket, there will be 1 in the end. Do the math. How many shall we each choose?

Tang Priest quickly said the number of peaches he had picked. Do you know how many peaches they each picked?

● Excellent mathematical stories

A young man came to see Mr. Liu and introduced himself: "My name is Yu Jiang. I'm taking a tour group to Hong Kong this time. I heard that your hotel has a comfortable environment and good service. We want to stay in your hotel. "

Mr. Liu quickly said enthusiastically, "Welcome, welcome. I wonder how many people are there in your group? "

"People, well, it's a big group."

Mr. Liu was overjoyed: it's great to have big groups and enterprises.

As a tour guide, Yu Jiang saw Mr. Liu's mind. He said slowly, "Sir, if you can count the number of people in our group, we will stay in your hotel."

"Please go ahead." Mr Liu said confidently.

"If I divide my group into four groups, one more person, and then divide each group into four, there will be one more person, and then four groups will be divided into four, there will be one more person, including me, of course. How many people are there at least? "

"How much is a * *?" Mr. Liu immediately thought of it. He must take over the business. "Without specific figures, how to start?" He was a shrewd businessman and quickly replied, "At least 85 people?"

Mr. Yu Jiang said happily, "Exactly, it's eighty-five. Please tell me about your algorithm. "

"The least number of people is the last quartile, and each is one person. It can be inferred that 1×4+ 1=5 (person) precedes the third quartile, and 5×4+ 1=2 1 (person) precedes the second quartile and the first quartile.

"Well, we'll stay with you today."

"How many men and women do you have?"

"There are 55 men and 30 women."

"We only have rooms for 1 1, rooms for 7 people and 5 people. How do you want to live? "

"Of course, sir, you have arranged it, but men and women must be separated and there can be no empty beds."

One more question. Mr. Liu has never met such a guest, so he has to spend more time.

After thinking hard, he finally came up with the best plan: 1 1 two people, seven people in four rooms, five people in one room; One female room 1 1 person, seven people in two rooms, five people in one room, and one room * * *1/.

After seeing his arrangement, Mr. Yu Jiang was very satisfied and immediately went through the accommodation formalities.

Made a big deal. Although it is a bit complicated, Mr. Liu is still very happy in his heart.

A clever little boy

Once upon a time, a king often gave his ministers around him difficult questions for fun. If ministers do something right, he will give them a little reward with a little kindness. If you can't answer, you will be punished or even beheaded.

One day, the king pointed to a pond in the palace and asked, "I will give jewels to anyone who can tell how many buckets of water there are in the pond." If you can't say it, I will' reward' each of you with 50 whips. "Ministers were stumped by this sudden question.

Just as the ministers were in confusion, a little boy came over to herd cattle. He asked what happened and said, "I want to meet this king."

The ministers brought the little boy before the king. Seeing the little boy in front of him was black, thin and small, the king said doubtfully, "If you can't answer this question, you will be beheaded, you know?" Everyone present made a sweat for the little boy, but the little boy answered the king's question unhurriedly. In desperation, the king gave the little boy a gem award. Children, do you know what he answered?

In fact, the king is a problem of insufficient conditions. It is impossible to find the right answer in normal thinking mode. The little boy just caught the key. He replied like this: "it depends on the size of the bucket: if the bucket is as big as the pond, it is a bucket of water;" If the bucket is only half the size of the pond, there are two buckets of water; If the bucket is one-third the size of the pond, that's three buckets of water ... "

The little boy actually broke the habitual thinking mode, and the specific problems were analyzed. How clever and flexible his mind is!

● A mathematician triggered by a story

Chen Jingrun is a famous mathematician, who has made great contributions to overcoming Goldbach's conjecture and founded the famous "Chen Theorem", so many people affectionately call him "the prince of mathematics". But who would have thought that his achievement originated from a story?

From 65438 to 0937, diligent Chen Jingrun was admitted to Huaying College in Fuzhou. One day, Teacher Shen Yuan told us a story in math class: "A Frenchman discovered an interesting phenomenon 200 years ago: 6=3+3, 8=5+3, 10=5+5, 12=5+7, 28=5+23. Every even number greater than 4 can be expressed as the sum of two odd numbers. Because this conclusion has not been proved, it is still a guess. Euler said: Although I can't prove it, I am sure this conclusion is correct.

From then on, Chen Jingrun became interested in this wonderful question. In his spare time, he likes going to the library. He not only read the counseling books in middle schools, but also eagerly read the textbooks of mathematics and physics courses in these universities.

Interest is the first teacher. It is such a mathematical story that aroused Chen Jingrun's interest and his diligence and made him a great mathematician. (fruit)

● Mathematical Story-Tang Priest's Learning from the Scriptures

One day, the Tang priest wanted to test the math level of three disciples, so he called them to him and said, "Now, disciples, I'll write three numbers on the ground. If you can read them accurately, I will pass them on to him. "

The Tang Priest first wrote: 23456. Pig Bajie couldn't wait to say, "Read this in two three four five six!" "The Tang Priest shook his head and said," Bajie, the pronunciation of multiple digits is regular. From right to left, each number is one, ten, one hundred, one thousand and ten thousand. Read each number from left to right, and then add ten thousand, one thousand and one hundred and ten. Be careful not to read the last number as "one". Therefore, 23456 is pronounced as 23456. "

Tang Priest also wrote: 130567. The Monkey King immediately said, "It's too easy, pronounced130,567." The Tang Priest shook his head again and said, "Pay special attention to zero. When there is a zero in the middle of a string of numbers, read only the zero and don't read the following numbers. So this number should be read as 130567. "

The third number is 120034. Friar Sand thought for a moment and said, "It should be pronounced 120034." The Tang Priest sighed and said, "If there are several zeros in a string, just read one. So this number should be read as 12034. Disciples, you are not very good at math. You have to keep trying. I can't pass on the scriptures to you for the time being! "