Combined with The Analects of Confucius, what are his views on "self-cultivation"?

Confucius' exposition on moral cultivation in The Analects of Confucius covers many aspects. For example, in the aspect of self-cultivation, Confucius taught disciples that "seeing the sage Si Qi is not introspective." It means that when you see a man of noble character, you should try to look up to him. When you see an immoral person, you should reflect on yourself and see if there are any mistakes like him. Once a disciple asked Confucius how to be a perfect person. Confucius said: "If you hide the wisdom of martial arts, you will become an adult if you don't want it. If you have the courage to be a border village, you will be able to learn the skills of autumn and be polite and happy in writing." . He added, "Why is it necessary to be an adult today? If you are brave and don't be chaotic in times of danger, you must not forget your life for a long time, but you can also be an adult. " Confucius said that he was as wise as Zang Fei-zhong, as abstinent as Meng Gong Chuo, as fearless as Bian Zhuangzi, and as versatile as Ran Qiu, and then he could become a perfect man through the cultivation of rites and music. He added, why do perfect people do this now? As long as you can see the benefits, you will consider morality, you will pay your life when you are in danger, and you will not forget your usual promises when you are in poverty for a long time. This is also a perfect person. From this point of view, Confucius' views on how to be a man are very profound and the standards are quite high.

In the Analects of Confucius, there are many sentences in which Confucius asked his students to be brave enough to admit and correct their mistakes when improving their moral cultivation. Once a student of Confucius asked how to improve moral cultivation, correct mistakes and distinguish right from wrong. Confucius answered this question in this way: "If you are good at asking questions, you will get them first, and then you will get them, instead of advocating preparation? Attack its evil, attack its people without evil, and hide it if you want to repair it? " Confucius said that you asked a good question! Do things first, then enjoy, isn't it to improve morality? Isn't it right to check your own mistakes and not blame others' mistakes too much? He also said: "I am worried if I don't practice morality, don't talk about learning, can't learn benevolence and righteousness, and can't change incompetence." In other words, I didn't cultivate my morality, I didn't study hard, I couldn't try my best to do what I heard was moral, and I couldn't be brave enough to correct my shortcomings. These are all my worries! Confucius once said sternly: "If you are born unchanged, you will live"! In other words, if you make a mistake and don't correct it immediately, this is the biggest mistake!

Confucius has taught many students all his life, and his education method is mainly to teach by example. There are also many expositions in The Analects about how to educate young people to learn knowledge, how to honor their elders, and how to treat economic interests. Confucius said, "A gentleman does not think about satiety and security. He is sensitive to things and cautious about what he says, so he knows how to be right. It can be said that he is also studious. " The consciousness of this sentence is that a moral person does not need to eat well, live comfortably, be agile and cautious in language, and can always learn from people with profound morality and correct their shortcomings. This can be called a good school. Confucius often teaches his students from ancient books and documents, moral practice, loyalty to others, and paying attention to faithfulness. In daily life, he requires students to be strong, firm, simple and not exaggerated.

Confucius also has his unique views on how to honor his parents. One of his disciples once asked what is filial piety? Confucius said, "Today's filial piety means that it can be raised. As for dogs and horses, you can keep them. Why not? " This means that the so-called filial piety now is only to support parents. However, even dogs and horses can be raised by people. If there is no filial piety to parents, what is the difference between supporting parents and raising dogs and horses? Whether the profound meaning here can be understood as filial piety should not only meet their daily material needs, but also pay attention to their inner emotional and spiritual needs. Confucius also said: "Rites are more frugal than luxury; Sad, not easy, ning Wei. " Generally speaking, it is not as simple and frugal as excessive luxury; As far as the funeral is concerned, it is better to be really sad than to make a big ceremony. This is very consistent with what we advocate today: breaking superstitions and changing customs.

In terms of how to treat economic interests, Confucius taught students to set an example. In the Analects of Confucius, Confucius once said: "It is better to be extravagant without grandchildren, frugal and solid, and solid than not having grandchildren." Here, he said that extravagance is arrogant, frugality is solid, and solid wins arrogance. He also said: "Eat less, you can bend your arms and pillow, or you can enjoy it." . Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. "Is to eat coarse grains, drink white water, and bend your arms as pillows. That's the fun. Wealth acquired by immoral means is like a cloud in the sky to me.

Confucius also had original ideas in teaching young people how to make friends and pursue true happiness. He said: "There are three friends who have benefited and three friends who have suffered. Friends are frank, friends forgive and friends listen more, which is beneficial. Friends will avoid, be friendly and soft, and friends will be safe and hurt. " In other words, there are three kinds of beneficial friends and three kinds of harmful friends. It is beneficial to make friends with honest people, knowledgeable people, flatterers and glib people.

What kind of happiness should young people pursue? Confucius said, "The winner has three pleasures, and the loser has three pleasures. Music festivals, rituals and music, the kindness of Taoist people, and more virtuous friends are beneficial. Happy and arrogant, happy and happy, happy and happy, painful. " In other words, there are three kinds of beneficial happiness and three kinds of harmful happiness. It is beneficial to take adjusting happiness as happiness, praising others' strengths as happiness and making more good friends as happiness. It is harmful to regard arrogance as happiness, indulgence in vagrancy as happiness and drinking as happiness.

It is true that Confucius was more than 2000 years earlier than our time. Many of Confucius' remarks and thoughts recorded in The Analects of Confucius serve the maintenance of the feudal ruling class and have great historical limitations. In the process of study and research, we should adopt a scientific attitude of taking the essence, discarding the dross, aiming at reality and serving ourselves.

The traditional virtues of the Chinese nation are the essence of China's ancient moral civilization and the cohesion of the Chinese nation. At present, the whole country is carrying out publicity and education on the Implementation Outline of Citizen Moral Construction, which is not only a summary and commendation of traditional virtues, but also an important measure to inherit and carry forward the excellent national morality. As a young generation shouldering the heavy responsibility of building and defending the motherland, it is necessary and far-reaching to inherit and carry forward the excellent traditional moral culture of the motherland, which is not only related to personal moral cultivation, but also to the great rejuvenation and bright future of the Chinese nation.