How to use paper-flavored red packets of wine and say oral and colorful words when paying respects to rural house builders?

Hello, folk customs of building a house:

Building a house has always been regarded as a major event among the people. From the initial groundbreaking to the final completion, there are various different rituals and activities. Once you decide to build a house and start preparing materials, hauling rocks, transporting sand, and tying handles, your relatives and friends will definitely come to help. This is called "neighbors helping each other."

The first thing to do when building a house is to select a site and position it. When choosing a house site, you usually need to ask "Mr. Geography" or "Mr. Yin and Yang" to check Feng Shui. Most of the Neolithic house sites discovered in our country have shown the concept of orientation, and most of them have formed a north-south orientation, which has become the Chinese architecture of later generations. Determine the basic direction that does not move. When an emperor ascends the throne, he is said to be "proclaimed emperor from the south." Feng shui reading in the prime minister's house is a systematic belief activity that was later formed. It must have an original source, and this source is divination. The Dulong people who are in the slash-and-burn farming stage have to hold a "divination and site setting" ceremony before building a house. The owner holds a few grain seeds and puts them on the hot stone slab on the fire pit. The grains will explode when heated. If they don't jump to the ground, You can build a house here.

The Han people have recorded geography books about Xiangzhai in the Han Dynasty documents at the latest. As for the activities of Onmyoji, it should be earlier. Xu Shen's note on the Five Elements category in "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" says: "It is worthy of the way of heaven and the way of earth." Later generations regard it as the ancestor of Feng Shui books. The original book has long been lost and its content is unknown. There are twenty volumes of "Gongzhai Geography" in the form and method category of "Hanshu", which are also lost, but can be confirmed as a book discussing the geography of Yangzhai. In the Sui Dynasty, there were books such as "Topographic Records", "Report on Good and Bad Houses", and "Pictures of Xiangzhai", which have not been handed down. After the Song Dynasty, the idea of ??Feng Shui developed greatly, and there were more and more books of this kind. By the time "History of the Qing Dynasty·Yi Wen Zhi" Xiang Zhai Xiang Tomb* collected 88 kinds of books and 252 volumes. In rural areas before the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was generally popular to look at the yin and yang topography when building houses, because Feng Shui is related to the family fortune and the fate of future generations.

After looking at the place, choose an auspicious day and ask a bricklayer to measure it and "lay the foundation", that is, break the ground. When the foundation is opened, firecrackers are set off, and the owner also offers a reward to the "person in charge". At the same time as the foundation is laid, a carpenter is hired to make door and window frames and to cut the frame (beams and rafters). After laying the foundation and installing the door frame, and building the wall halfway to install the window frame, red paper with the words "It's auspicious for the door" and "It's auspicious for the window" are posted in advance, and some even paste couplets on the door frames. Commonly used couplets include: "Tai Gong has passed away today, and he said it is a good day to install a gate." "Auspicious time" etc. The laying of foundation stones is a universal ritual that remains as a symbolic ritual even in contemporary cities. The original foundation was laid with human sacrifice. In the Longshan Cultural Site in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, infant tombs were found under houses, wall foundations and pillar holes. This custom was still largely preserved in the Shang Dynasty. During the excavation of the Yin Ruins, it was found that when building a palace, human or animal sacrifices were used for sacrifices from the laying of the foundation to the final completion of the gate. Later generations generally used livestock instead. There are still some reservations in modern customs. When the cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi were completed, there was a ceremony to close the dragon's mouth (the last stone was built in the center of the cave). The hearts of three small animals (rabbits, chickens, and pheasants) were embedded in the small holes of the closing stone.

When building a house, one of the most important things is to "raise the beams." The date and specific time of laying the beams are usually told to the "owner" (house owner) in advance by the bricklayer and ruler. The choice of time varies from place to place. Generally, it is chosen at "noon", and some are chosen at "sunrise at Mao hour". In Changdao, which is located on the island, high tide is considered auspicious time. After the beam-laying time is determined, the homeowner will inform his relatives and friends. On the day of the beam-laying, relatives and friends will bring gifts to participate in the beam-laying ceremony, which is called "He Fang". Some people use red cloth as gifts to congratulate, which is called For "hanging red". When installing beams, first attach horizontal batches and vertical couplets to the beams and purlins. Commonly used horizontal and vertical phrases include: "lucky stars are shining high", "the beams are auspicious", "the purlins are auspicious", "dragons play with phoenixes and jade pillars", "spring flowers bloom on the golden beams", "golden phoenixes fill the house with red" "Bright again" etc. In the middle of the purlin, two pairs of red chopsticks are stuck horizontally. The upper pair has three copper coins arranged horizontally. From the middle of the two pairs of chopsticks, hangs a red rope. On the red rope, five copper coins arranged vertically are first tied to form a money string, and one dollar is tied under the money string. A square foot of red cloth, with a copper coin sewn on each of the two lower corners of the red cloth. The copper coins used are those with the words "Taiping" and "Kangxi" cast on them. Firecrackers were hung on the spine in advance.

Chopsticks, money making, red rope, and red cloth constitute a set of decorations, which are homophonic to "get rich quickly (chopsticks) quickly". Its folk significance is to pray for blessings and good luck; chopsticks, ropes and cloth are all red, plus set off firecrackers, and It means to exorcise evil spirits from the house.

On the day when the beams were installed, it was still dark, so the owner placed the four-faced "sacred insects" (also made of dough sculptures with painted swallows) on the four "horse heads" of the house frame. When the auspicious time comes, the host will first find someone to set off firecrackers around the house frame. At the same time, all the carpenters, masons, and people who came to help worked together to pull up the beams and nail the rafters, leaving only the spine and purlins unnailed. At this time, the host placed a pair of plastic tigers in the niches on the two walls of the main room, then carried a square table and placed it in the center of the main room. A pair of red candles were lit on the table, and fish, meat, dishes and ten dishes were placed on it. A large dumpling is used as an offering, with an incense burner placed in the middle and three high incense sticks inserted. After the host kneels down and worships, he removes the altar table and then worships the purlin. After these ceremonies were completed, the two masters, the carpenter and the bricklayer, recited a happy song while setting up the frame of the house. Climbing up to the roof, the carpenter is in the east and the bricklayer is in the west. A red rope is hung from the house, and the owner hangs up the ridge purlin himself. After the ridge purlin is off the ground, he lights the firecrackers that have been wrapped and hung in advance. The sound rose to the roof. After installing the purlin, the two masters put down the red rope again, the carpenter pulled the bucket (meaning "to lift with a rope or pole" in dialect), and the bricklayer pulled the wine. The wine must be red wine, and the bucket must be a willow bucket. The bucket contains eight knives of corn grass (use a guillotine to cut the straw into grass knots, and use the guillotine to cut eight knives), eight red dates, six copper coins, eight chestnuts, eight pieces of sugar, eight pieces of leavened dough, and eight pieces of cake. In addition, Small pastries made into tiger, dragon, phoenix, flower, bergamot, peach, butterfly and other shapes, the number may be thirty-three, sixty-six, or ninety-nine. Place two large divine insects made of noodles on the mouth of the bucket and tie them with red cloth. After the two divine bugs were pulled out from the roof, one was in the hands of the carpenter and the other was in the hands of the bricklayer. After the wine and buckets were pulled up to the roof, the bricklayer opened the wine bottles and spread them along the purlin. The carpenter opened the red cloth sealing the buckets and spread the dumplings while singing a happy song. The people who had been waiting below rushed to grab the dumplings. , a lively scene. This is the climax of the beam-laying ceremony, and the happy songs are also sung particularly enthusiastically.

At noon that day, the owner, relatives and friends, craftsmen and helpers gathered under the new house, drank and celebrated, and got drunk before resting.

Hope to adopt it, thank you