The story of wood and Mozi! About 300 words, 1 article is enough.

Mozi impression

Zhang Yuehua

One day in about 468 BC, crying broke out in the hut of a civilian family, and a little life was born. This little life is Mozi, and he is respected as a civilian saint by later generations. Parents who are happy to have your son want to give their baby a good name, because before Mozi was born, "the mother's dream was flickering and her eyes could not be straight, hence the name." Wu is Zhai, another name for Phoenix, so she named Erwa (Di).

Mo Zhai's father is a famous craftsman. He builds and repairs houses, and makes iron rings and barrels. His craftsmanship is very good. Mo Zhai's mother is a good wife and mother, virtuous, sensible and well-educated. Mo Zhai learned a lot from a good family education, and learned handicrafts such as wood, automobiles, leather, pottery and metallurgy. The father, on the other hand, did not want his son to inherit his father's career and support his family by craft and technology, and asked him to "learn Confucianism and be taught by Confucius." Mo Zhai is studious and good at thinking. He systematically studied Confucian classics such as poems and books. He also studied "Zhou Li" and "The Theory of Six Arts of Cultivating Saints" from the historical perspective of the descendants of Zhou Guan, and read "Annals of Hundred Countries in the Spring and Autumn Period". Mo Zhai, who was born 83 years later than Confucius, learned Confucius' Confucianism when he was his father's carpenter's attendant, and gradually grew into an outstanding talent with both theoretical knowledge and practical experience.

When Mo Zhai came of age, he was no longer his father's sidekick, supporting the portal alone. At first, he used carpentry as a way to prolong his life. Mo Zhai's woodworking skills are very high, which can be compared with Luban (bus class), a skilled craftsman. He was once smarter than Lu Ban. He can make oranges, pulleys, pulleys, car ladders and other high-tech appliances, and he is smarter than Lu Ban. He summed up the definitions of mechanical principles such as lever balance principle, object balance force, pulley force, inclined plane force and elasticity from the practice of production and life, and put forward that "anyone who works in the world can't know nothing about instruments". All kinds of craftsmen must follow the five * * constant standards when making rulers, making circles with compasses, taking straight lines with ink lines, taking vertical lines with levelers and hanging vertical lines. Mo Zhai not only has exquisite craftsmanship, but also has profound attainments in optical research, involving object shadow generation, pinhole imaging, plane concave-convex mirror imaging, light reflection and many other aspects.

Mo Zhai, who is skilled and knowledgeable, is surrounded by some apprentices who ask for advice, so as to achieve the realm of "subordination, abundant disciples and the whole world". From then on, Mo Zhai became a teacher by profession like Confucius, who claimed to have 3,000 disciples. Although there are not so many disciples, there are "300 disciples, such as birds and plums". Mo Zhai's apprentices are all carefully selected by him, and not everyone who wants to be an apprentice comes to be an apprentice. His apprentice not only wants to learn from him about crafts and carpentry, but also requires his disciples to master the six basic talents of "courtesy, music, shooting, imperial command, calligraphy and mathematics", and carry out his innovative ideas, so that he can "go through fire and water without hesitation" in order to save the people. He gave lectures to his disciples or had heart-to-heart discussions with them, and often quoted The Book of Songs, The Book of Songs and The Spring and Autumn Annals by Zhou, Lu, Yan, Song and Qi. In addition to giving his disciples "poems" and "books", he also attached great importance to teaching production, military skills, logical knowledge and natural science knowledge, covering a wide range of scientific fields and experiments such as mechanics, optics, acoustics and geometry. With the in-depth study of Confucianism, the shortcomings of Confucianism are gradually discovered. "I felt annoyed and unhappy, buried the poor and hurt my life for a long time, so I used Xia Zheng instead of Zhou Dao." Confucius praised Duke Zhou, while Mo Zhai followed Yu Xia's example and praised Yu Xia as a saint who worked hard for the interests of the world. "shine on you is better than blue". He became more and more unwilling to be a follower of Confucius, and gradually "betrayed" his master. He wanted to part ways with Confucianism, think about his own ideas, start his own business and establish Mohism. At this time, he widely accepted students to give lectures and preached righteousness. He took "prospering the world's benefits and eliminating the world's harms" as the educational purpose, opposed Confucianism, and made the trained students directly engage in the great cause of saving society and benefiting people's livelihood after their studies. He advocated cultivating Mohists who "helped people to get sick when they were strong, encouraged people to make money when they were strong, and advised people to be wise when they were strong", forming a huge Mohist team. In pre-Qin hundred schools of thought, Confucianism and Mohism were called "Jieshi" and "Jieshi in the world, and Confucianism and Mohism were also". Mohism was active in Shandong, Song, Chu and Qi, and Mohism overwhelmed Confucianism. Mo Zhai's reputation is similar to that of Confucius, so people are used to calling Mo Zhai, who has become the supreme leader of Mohism, Mozi.

Mozi has a high reputation, with hundreds of people under his command. He not only has basic living security, but also has time and space to publicize his political opinions. He has a hard back, heavy words and a wide range of preaching. He gradually changed from preaching at the bottom of society to preaching at the top of society. Mozi is not only a great thinker, but also a practitioner. He never forgets his roots and always leads a simple and simple life. He eats according to his appetite and dresses according to his own situation. He drinks quinoa soup and wears brown clothes. He is tepid at the dinner table, not greedy for money and eager to help the world. But he is not an ordinary person. As the head of the Mohist organization, he needs to "have words on the top and words on the bottom." He said above, he taught ordinary people below, especially to preach to the kings of the Warring States, to go in and out of state organs, to discuss state affairs with the monarch, to travel to Zheng Wei in the east and Chu Yue in the south, to run for the call sign, and to stand directly on the side of the working people and plead for the people and be compassionate to the people. However, in the face of the situation that the princes and nobles of various countries are constantly launching wars of attack, attack and annexation, the strong are robbing the weak, the masses are violently outnumbered, and the country is divided and fighting endlessly, it is often futile to ask the rulers to love and benefit the people like the ancient Dayu, and to ask the monarch to change the creed of the times of "the law of the jungle" in his mind and stop all wars of "grabbing cities and land". Besides, Mozi's thought represents the lower class, which runs counter to the interests of princes and nobles and is inevitably difficult to adopt. When Mozi was tired of lobbying in various vassal States, or when something went wrong, he went back to the garden of his career to have a rest.

What really satisfied Mozi in persuading the monarch to stop the war was his persuasion of Chu, and it was also a typical case in which his thought of "breaking without attacking" was implemented. When he learned that Lu Ban had applied for a job as a ladder maker for Chu, he got up from Lu in a hurry and ran around day and night, his shoes were worn out and he didn't care. After ten days and nights, he traveled more than 700 kilometers and arrived in Du Ying, the capital of Chu. He first used morality to persuade Lu Ban not to help the King of Chu attack the State of Song. Later, a concrete example is used as a metaphor to show that Chu has a vast territory and rich resources, so it is not necessary to attack the Song Dynasty, which makes the king of Chu worthy of the name. In order to convince the king of Chu thoroughly and crush his ambition of bullying the weak and fearing the hard, the king of Chu personally watched the simulation performances of Lu Ban attacking the city and Mozi guarding the city: Lu Ban attacked the city in one way and Mozi guarded the city in another; One attacked the city with a ladder and the other burned the ladder with a rocket; One hit the city gate and the other was hit by a rolling stone; One uses a tunnel, the other uses smoke ... Lu Ban's "Nine siege machines change, Mozi is at a distance of nine". Lu Ban's nine siege methods have all been used up, but Mozi still has many ingenious methods to defend the city. Then Mozi exposed Luban's murder plot and explained it to the inexplicable king of Chu. Song had already prepared for guarding city according to Mozi's guarding city method. The king of Chu listened to Mozi and saw Mozi's ability to defend the city with his own eyes. Knowing that there was no hope of defeating Song, he gave up his plan to attack Song. Mozi returned to Shandong after a successful career. On his way back to Shandong, he was caught in a rainstorm. Mozi wanted to take shelter from the rain at the Inner Gate of the Song Dynasty, but was ruthlessly rejected by the gatekeeper. Mozi didn't want to be famous all over the world or tell the truth, so he left. Mozi's adventure and the feat of successfully preventing Chu from attacking the Song Dynasty strengthened his confidence as a Mohist and continued to spread Mozi's thoughts everywhere.

Mozi's opposition to war was an unjust war against attack and plunder, and it was a predatory war at that time, in which "the great attacked the small, the strong dominated the weak, there were many thieves and few, the deceivers deceived the fools, the noble were arrogant and the rich were arrogant and poor". Moreover, war will inevitably bring profound disasters to the people, so we should try our best to avoid such a war. "Only not attacking is the way to prepare for defense". Mozi knew very well that a great monarch would not give up the war just by being reasonable. Therefore, he advocates "planning defense", active defense, emphasizing the use of war equipment and technology, and active defense to stop the war of aggression with small attacks. The combination of "no attack" and defense is in line with the dialectical method. Mozi's defensive tactics and Sun Tzu's offensive tactics are the main components of China's ancient traditional operational theory. Mozi discussed defense from the perspective of defensive operations and formed a relatively complete theoretical system of defensive operations, which just formed a complementary relationship with the offensive operations theory in Sun Tzu's Art of War and made positive contributions to the development of traditional military science. Mohism is good at observing, and then Mozi's disciples faithfully abide by their teacher's teachings, so there is the idiom "sticking to the rules"

In the second year after successfully preventing Chu from attacking Song Dynasty, Mozi made a special trip to Chu State to dedicate his works to King Hui of Chu and publicize his political ideals of "universal love" and "non-attack". Seeing that King Hui of Chu was not prepared to practice his theory, he refused to give up his position and land to King Hui of Chu and returned to Lu. Similarly, Mozi also refused to enfeoffment the King of Yue. The King of Yue invited Mozi to be an official in Yue and promised him a fief of 500 Li. However, he took "listen to me and use my way" as a condition, regardless of fiefs and titles, in order to realize his political ambitions and ideas. Therefore, the great man Mao Zedong spoke highly of "Mozi is a laborer, he is not an official, but he is a better saint than Confucius ... a master of ancient dialectical materialism".

In the decades after Mozi's independence, he mainly engaged in Mohist lectures and political activities, but he was not an official. He is a scholar who sympathizes with the "peasants and workers" and always stands on the side of the working people, reflecting the aspirations of the broad working class. He conceived of advocating universal love and not attacking by means of "teaching above and teaching below", "emphasizing people" and "not sparing words" in an attempt to "feed the hungry". When Mozi was unable to travel to other countries in his later years, he worked with several disciples to sort out his words and deeds about a series of important activities, such as starting a private school, recruiting disciples, organizing institutions, developing equipment, traveling around the world and stopping wars. And compiled the book Mozi Thought. He summed up his ideological system as "universal love, mutual non-aggression, Shang Xian, Shang Tong, frugality, unhappiness, frugality". If the country is in chaos, Shang Tong will be wise. If the country is poor, the language will be used sparingly and buried sparingly; If the country likes to indulge in music, language will be unpleasant and fatal; If the country is immoral and impolite, it will stand tall and deal with ghosts, including politics, economy, ethics, religion and culture. In a word, its general idea is "to promote the benefits of the world and eliminate the harm of the world." Therefore, Mozi is known as a civilian saint smarter than Confucius.

Mozi, who lived for more than 80 years, sowed "universal love" as an ascetic monk for decades and cultivated the positive fruit of Mohist thought. He never imagined that Mohism would basically disappear in the Qin Dynasty less than a hundred years after him. Another hundred years passed, and in the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's theory of "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". Confucianism was formally combined with imperial power and became an orthodox thought of governing the country. Mohist school, which is also known as an outstanding scholar with Confucianism, became a miscellaneous school, and the book Mozi was also banned from burning, resulting in the loss of 7 1 of Mozi, with only 53 articles left. However, dark clouds can never hide the sun, but Mozi's thoughts will always shine on future generations, especially his achievements in science have facilitated generation after generation.