Talk about wine as a song.

Three kingdoms? Wei? Cao Cao's short songs

Cao Cao's short song

Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.

Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.

Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss. But for your sake, I've thought it over.

A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.

Obviously, like the moon, when can you worry about it and you can't cut it off?

The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it, and remember the past.

There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?

The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep. The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.

Translation:

Singing while drinking is short. Just like the morning dew is fleeting, there are too many lost days! The songs on the table are passionate and generous, and melancholy has filled my heart for a long time. By what to alleviate depression? Only binge drinking can set you free. Those students who wear blue-collar (Zhou Dynasty bachelor's clothing), you make me miss day and night. Because of you, I have been singing the song Ji Zi in a low voice. In the sunshine, the deer are chirping on the green slope and eating leisurely.

Once talented people from all over the world come to our home, I will entertain guests in blowing sheng. When can I pick the bright moon hanging in the sky? My long-standing worries and resentment suddenly poured out and merged into a long river. Guests from afar came to visit me one after another on the field path. Meet again after a long separation, have a long talk, have a full meal, and try to tell the old feelings.

The moon rises, the stars twinkle, and a flock of nesting blackbirds fly south. Fly around the tree for three weeks without breaking your wings. Where can you live? The mountains do not hesitate to look at the towering rocks, but the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur. Only when I meet a talent like Duke Zhou can I make the whole world turn to me with courtesy.

Feelings: through the singing at the banquet, the poet's thoughts and feelings of longing for virtue and his ambition to unify the world are expressed in a calm and frustrated style;

"Short Song" originally had "six explanations" (that is, six paragraphs), which was divided into four sections according to the poem.

"When drinking songs, life geometry? For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan. Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable. How to solve the problem is only Du Kang. "

In these eight sentences, the author emphasizes that he is very worried and extremely worried. So what's there to worry about? It turns out that he can't get many "talents" to cooperate with him and make contributions together. Imagine that even a powerful person like Cao Cao is worried about "seeking talents" there, and how much publicity effect it will have. If there are really "talents" among the landlords in Buyi, we can't help being moved and encouraged by these words.

They are trying to find a way out. They didn't expect Cao Cao to be eager for talents there, so many people who are really talented or think they are talented are likely to be eager to "return" to him. At first glance, the eight sentences of "Chanting to Wine" are very similar to the negative sentences in Nineteen Ancient Poems, but they are quite different. Talking about "life geometry" here is not to ask people to "eat, drink and be merry", but to make contributions in time. On the surface, Cao Cao is expressing his personal feelings. He is worried that time will pass too fast and he may not have time to make a difference. In fact, it is imperceptibly infecting the vast number of "talented people", reminding them that life is as easy to disappear as "morning dew" and the years have passed a lot. You have to make up your mind and come to me to show your ambition.

Therefore, once analyzed, it is not difficult to see that the rich lyrical atmosphere in the poem contains quite strong political purposes. Such a positive purpose and deliberately use a low tone to start, which of course shows that Cao Cao really has his melancholy thoughts, so he speaks the truth; But on the other hand, it is precisely because of this tone that we can open the hearts of people at the lower level who have experienced many difficulties and are eager to find a way out. Therefore, the intention and wording are true and ingenious.

In these eight poems, the main emotional feature is the word "sorrow", which needs to be overcome by wine ("Du Kang" is said to be the first person to make wine, so his name is used instead of wine here). The emotion of "worry" itself cannot be evaluated, only the objective content of this emotion can be evaluated, that is, what is "worry". Worrying because of selfishness, decadence and even reaction is a negative emotion;

On the contrary, worrying about the purpose of some progress becomes a positive emotion. Looking at the specific historical background, the melancholy expressed by Cao Cao here belongs to the latter and should be properly evaluated in history. Chen Ling, a Qing Dynasty man, said in Bi Xing Jian: "This poem is a reflection on warriors in Song of the Great Wind by Emperor Gaozu. The origin of' life geometry' is said that the so-called ancient king knew that his life span was not long, so he made sages as heirs. " This can be said to basically understand the meaning of Cao Cao's worry; However, the so-called "building sages to pass on their descendants" is a bit far-fetched. Cao Cao was considering ending the war and unifying China with his own life. There are similarities and differences between Han Gaozu and Han Gaozu in singing "Da Feng Ge".

"Qingqing leisurely from jumping in my heart. But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a guest, blowing sheng. "

These eight sentences are even more lingering. The phrase "Qingqing" comes from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Zi Jin. The original poem is about a girl who misses her lover. The four sentences in the first chapter are: "Qingqing Zi Jin, carefree in my heart. Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message? " Your green collar bothers me deeply. Although I can't come to you, why don't you take the initiative to leave me a message? ) Cao Cao quotes this poem here, saying that he has been reciting it in a low voice, which is really ingenious. He said that "a girl in green is lingering in my heart", which is of course a direct metaphor for missing "talented people"; But more importantly, he omitted two sentences: "Even if I don't go, I'd rather not send a message?" Because it is impossible for Cao Cao to look for those "talents" one by one, he reminded them in this subtle way: "Even if I don't look for you, why don't you take the initiative to look for me?" From this implicit meaning, we can see that his intention of "seeking the virtuous" is indeed thoughtful and has touching power.

And this touching power embodies the combination of politics and artistic creation. Of course, his profound and subtle intentions can't be fully expressed in the literature such as "Asking for a Scholar". As a poem, short songs can express feelings that political literature can't express and play a role that political literature can't. Then he quoted four sentences from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature to describe the scene of the banquet, meaning that as long as you come to me, I will definitely stay as a "guest" and we will get along well and cooperate harmoniously. These eight sentences still don't clearly say the word "seeking the virtuous", because Cao Cao writes poems, so he uses allusions as metaphors, which is the performance of "being gentle, respectful and frugal". At the same time, the word "Jun" is also typical in Cao Cao's poems. Originally in the Book of Songs, this "gentleman" only refers to a specific person; Here, it has a wide range of significance: all the "wise men" who read Cao Cao's poem at that time could think that he was the object of Zi Jin's memory. It is precisely because of this that this poem will play a huge social role if it is circulated.

"It seems like a month, when can I wait? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it and remember the old grace. "

These eight sentences are the focus and care of the above sixteen sentences. The above sixteen sentences mainly have two meanings, that is, worrying about seeking the virtuous and treating the virtuous with courtesy. If compared with music, these can be said to be two "theme melodies" in the whole poem, and the eight sentences of "Clear as the Moon" are the reappearance and variation of these two "theme melodies". The first four sentences are about sadness, not the first eight; The last four sentences are about the arrival of "talents". These are the last eight sentences. On the surface, the meaning is repeated by the first sixteen sentences, but in fact, due to the reproduction and variation of the "theme melody", the whole poem is more restrained and chanting, which strengthens the concentration of lyric. Judging from the literary theme of expressing poetry, these eight sentences are not simple repetitions, but contain profound meanings.

In other words, "talents" have come a lot, and we have cooperated very well; However, I am not satisfied. I'm still worried about talent, and I hope more "talents" will come. The bright moon in the sky has been running and will not stop ("stop" means "stop", and Jin Yue's Short Song Xing means "stop"; The definition of "duo" in high school textbooks is: take it as you pick it up. When can I pick it up? In the same way, my idea of seeking the virtuous will not be cut off. This is also a thoughtful expression, because Cao Cao is constantly recruiting talents, so will the latecomers worry about "overcrowding"? Therefore, Cao Cao further said here that his heart of seeking the virtuous will not end like the bright moon, and people will not have any worries, and they will be given preferential treatment early and late. On this point, the author will make it more clear in the following. It is just a connecting link and plays a transitional and buffering role.

"The moon and the stars are thin, and the black magpie flies south and circles the tree three times. What branch can we rely on? The mountains are not tired of heights, the sea is not tired of depths, the Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart. "

"Moonlight" is not only an accurate and vivid description of the scenery, but also a metaphor. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in The Source of Ancient Poetry: "There are few stars in the moon, and there is no one to rely on for strange talents." This shows that he saw that these four sentences are metaphors, but that "guest" is vague; In fact, this refers to those who are hesitant, and they are at a loss in the situation of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, Cao Cao used the scene of blackbirds circling trees and "with what branches" to motivate them. Don't be half-hearted, be good at choosing branches and live, and come to your side quickly These four poems vividly describe the situation and mood of the hesitators, but the author not only does not accuse them at all, but reveals his concern and sympathy for these people in his rich poems. This just shows that Cao Cao is good at ideological work and he attracts and strives for talents with a reasonable attitude. And a feeling like this also gives full play to the unique infection effect of poetry. The last four sentences are the finishing touch, and I hope that all people will come to me and clearly understand the theme of this poem.

The allusion of "Duke Zhou vomited food" comes from "History of Han Poetry". According to legend, Duke Zhou said, "The son of King Wen of our country, his brother, and uncle of King Cheng; I am also in the world, and I am not a light in the world. However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " In order to receive the people all over the world, Duke Zhou sometimes washed his hair and ate a meal, which was interrupted several times. This legend is of course too exaggerated. However, this allusion is used here to highlight the author's thirst for talents. The phrase "the mountain will never be too high and the sea will never be too deep" also convincingly shows that the more talents, the better, and there will never be a sea of people. Chen Ling, who borrowed Guan Zi Xing Jie, said, "Birds choose wood. Can wood choose birds? " ? Three points in the world. Scholars either go north or go south. When we left for Shu and Wu, the emperor had not decided yet. If you don't spit and feed the festival, why come? Mountains never tire of soil, so they can become high; The sea never tires of water, so it can become deep; You never tire of scholars, and the world returns to your heart. "These words are very helpful to explain the background, theme and the meaning of the last few words of this poem.

Generally speaking, short songs are like other poems of Cao Cao, such as Good, Drinking and Crying. , is a highly political poem, mainly serving the political line and policies and strategies implemented by Cao Cao at that time. However, its political content and significance are completely integrated into the rich lyrical artistic conception. The whole poem gives full play to the specialty of poetry creation, accurately and skillfully uses metaphor, and achieves the goal of combining reason with emotion and touching. In the era of Cao Cao, he was able to achieve the expected social effect according to the special laws of lyric poetry, and this kind of creative experience is obviously worth learning.