Introduction of Mongolian famous firewood festival

Since the13rd century, Mongolians have increased their contacts with all ethnic groups in China, especially the Han nationality, and promoted cultural exchanges. Therefore, in terms of customs, there are not only their own unique holiday customs, but also customs similar to those of the Han nationality. Mongolian festivals in the eastern region mainly include Torch Festival, New Year (that is, Lunar New Year), Aobaohui, Genghis Khan Festival, hunting day and so on.

Torch Festival, also known as Fire Worship Festival. Tracing back to the source, it mainly comes from the worship of fire by ancient Mongols. Mongolian "Fire Worship Song" sings:

On the eternal Aobao,

Light a blazing fire.

Burning, eternal fire,

Fire is life.

The lighting ceremony was held on the evening of December 23rd of the lunar calendar. It may be influenced by the sacrifice of the 23rd twelfth lunar month of the Han nationality. However, since ancient times, Mongolia has the custom of using fire for sacrifice, which is a prelude to the Lunar New Year. Before the fire sacrifice begins, the whole family will go to the yard (some in front of the fire pit, some in front of the stove), and the chief priest (the elders in the family) will first put up sacrifices to burn incense. Then take a bundle of firewood and light it. Butter, liquor, meat (beef and mutton) and other sacrifices were thrown into the fire, and the whole family kowtowed to the fire under the leadership of their elders. The priest also prayed; Thank Vulcan for a year's blessing. Some unclean things were thrown into the fire. Please forgive the Vulcan. I wish next year a bumper harvest, prosperity and good luck.

In the New Year, the ancient Mongols called China's New Year "Heath Ji Le", that is, the New Year.

The new year is on the first day of the first month. Near the end of the year, people will be busy with the Spring Festival. Light poles should be erected in agricultural and pastoral areas. On New Year's Eve, clean the courtyard in the morning. In front of the Buddha, the ancestors should set up a small altar. Put the cooked chunks of mutton on the altar. Dairy products and fruits made of flour are also provided.

Since ancient times, ancestor worship ceremonies have been held on New Year's Eve. "Yuan history? Sacrificial records contain ancient national customs and ceremonies; " After September and1February 16 every year, in the cooking yard, three horses, three sheep, three horses, three grains of wine, three red woven silks and three wrapped silks are used to order a Mongolian official to join the Mongolian wizard (referring to shaman-leader) to dig the ground and burn meat, and still use grains of wine. The wizard salutes the name of the emperor in Mandarin. "This is because the dead are underground, so they dig for sacrifices.

This kind of sacrifice is called "Hezaru? Yetiru. " Tao Runtibu's Brief Comment on the Secret History of New KJV Mongolia holds that this is the form of royal sacrifice. The form of folk sacrifice should be "fierce food company" The original meaning of "soil grain" is fuel, that is, firewood. "Tulie Shi Lian" means that when the Mongols offered sacrifices to their ancestors, they lit bonfires and threw barbecue, wine, rice and cloth into the fire for burning. This burnt thing is "burning earth grain", called "burning earth grain company". In the past, iron forging activities were also carried out in ancestor worship ceremonies. As mentioned earlier; There is an ancient Mongolian legend, "Turning iron into mountains", which has been passed down from generation to generation. People regard it as a legend of the origin of their own nation. It shows the heroic spirit of the Mongolian people in conquering nature without fear of difficulties. So whenever we worship our ancestors on New Year's Eve, we always put iron bars in the fire to burn red. Put it on an anvil or stone and forge it with a hammer. Elders should also tell the story of "iron comes out of the mountain" and educate their children and grandchildren to inherit the national spirit of their ancestors' heroic struggle. New Year's Eve is brightly lit all night. Some also invited Mongolian folk artists to rap "Wuligeer" (Mongolian version). Young people also get together to sing folk songs or dance "Bujik". Girls who don't take part in singing and dancing get together to play "Shaha". People stayed up until midnight.

On New Year's Day, the whole family put on their holiday costumes and got together (in pastoral areas, the whole family gathered in the oldest yurt) to celebrate the New Year. First of all, the younger generation pays New Year greetings to the elders in turn, kowtows to the younger generation, pays New Year greetings to the peers, packs cigarettes, toasts and presents Hada. After receiving gifts, elders should express their blessings to their brothers, nephews, children and grandchildren:

As strong as a lion,

As brave as a tiger;

As plump as sumeru sea,

Better than Mount Sumeru;

As bright as the moon,

Shine like the sun ...

After the blessing, give some gifts to the children, or give "lucky money" to those children who are financially dependent.

At dawn, family, friends and relatives began to pay New Year greetings to each other. People who travel long distances have to ride horses or drive. Generally speaking, holiday knocking and New Year greetings will end before the 15th day of the first month. Remote pastoral areas often last for a long time until production is busy.

In remote farming and pastoral areas, in the early morning of the 16th day of the first month, before the sun comes out, people often play together and have the custom of "Haride". Is to secretly wipe your forehead when the other person is snoring and sleeping. The coating is mostly pot bottom ash and Chili noodles.

There is also an ancient custom of celebrating New Year's Eve, that is, if someone at home goes out to war, New Year's Eve will be celebrated one day earlier than usual.

Aobaohui Aobaohui is a grand festival for Mongolian people. Generally speaking, on the 13th day of the seventh lunar month, some people choose Chunkou and Qiu Ji. According to Yuan Shi? According to sacrificial records, in the Yuan Dynasty, on June 24th every year, the emperor went to Budu (now Zhenglanqi) to offer sacrifices to Ma Ru. The purpose of this trip is that the emperor will go to the summer grassland to celebrate the Aobao Festival and enjoy the summer vacation; But offering sacrifices to Aobao is mainly a folk festival. When offering sacrifices to Aobao, all the people (or the whole people) will participate, eat meat porridge after the sacrifice, and hold a grand "Nadam" (entertainment) activity with wrestling, horse racing and archery competitions as the main contents. (See Sports? See for details. Entertainment "section)

Genghis Khan was a great man who unified, developed and revitalized Mongolia. With his outstanding talent, nearly 100 tribes with different sizes, languages and cultures were unified into a big Mongolian nation before the twelfth century. It ended the situation of "attacking each other and making people uneasy". It shocked the world and promoted social and historical development. For a long time, the Mongolian people have been worshipped as the "holy Lord" of national development. In ancient times, the time of memorial service varied from April 16 (according to legend, Chen Xianri) to July 12 (the day of death), to February 1 day (the day when unified Mongolia came to power), and to March 2/KLOC-. (See the Japanese version of Mongolian Mid-Year Action of Changchun Library Reference Department) After liberation, like other ethnic groups, sacrifices in Mongolia were gradually replaced by commemorative activities.

On the Dragon Boat Festival hunting day every year, on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, Mongolians have a special custom, that is, siege. Its scale often exceeds other hunting days, so in the eastern region, some places even regard it as a "hunting festival" for Mongolians.

Make a big encirclement, two or three times a year or three or five times. The date is mainly agreed. However, the Dragon Boat Festival in May is full of hunting activities. Legend has it that a long time ago, a Mongolian tribe was invaded by a foreign race. Because all the members of the Mongolian tribe went out to attack the city, a retaliatory vendetta was spared. Since this day falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, from then on, every fifth day of the fifth lunar month will be surrounded by a big crowd, one is to remind people of this, and the other is a military exercise. As a result, the custom of beating a big encirclement on the fifth day of May has been handed down. Another legend is that Genghis Khan died on the fifth day of May from the fright of a hunting mount. Later, the fifth day of May was regarded as a hunting day to shoot animals and repay God's kindness. This traditional hunting day has continued to this day.

A few days before the siege began, the human body agreed on the route and scope of hunting and chose "Abinda". Abinda is the commander-in-chief of this campaign. He is a man who is good at hunting, respected and fair in handling affairs in this area.

There are generally two ways to form a big encirclement:

One is "Haraga Abu", that is, door-to-door hunting. Mainly in mountainous areas, hunters surround their prey from mountain passes into deep valleys.

The other is "Huyenabu", which means hunting. This is in the plain area. Because there is no ravine, it is dozens of miles away in Fiona Fang, from all directions to the middle.

At the beginning of hunting, hunters rode the best hunting horses, carrying guns (or bows and arrows), hunting knives slung around their waists, wearing blue (commonly known as "pottery wax sticks", a small wooden stick used to throw wild animals), with groups of hounds, and some hounds wore nails and red tassels around their necks (to protect their throats). Agricultural areas are also driving carriages into the paddock from different locations.

At noon, the hunters got together, lit a bonfire and had a picnic on the spot. Continue hunting after supper. In the afternoon, hunting activities reached a climax. At this time, the prey is very thick. The hunters gradually met in the paddock. It has become a place of heroes and miracles. Some old people take this opportunity to introduce good hunters to each other. It was getting late and people returned to their villages with their prey. )

After the Dragon Boat Festival, midsummer came, production was busy, animals and animals reached the breeding period, and hunting activities basically stopped.