Basic knowledge of aquatic plants: Functions of aquatic plants

Aquatic plants generally refer to herbs that can grow in water. So how much do you know about aquatic plants? The following is my knowledge about aquatic plants, I hope you like it!

The basic introduction of aquatic plants consists of many plant categories, including non-vascular plants, such as macroalgae and bryophytes; Lower vascular plants, such as ferns and fern homologous plants; And the most advanced vascular plants-seed plants. Mainly vascular plants, of which angiosperms account for the vast majority, and typical aquatic plants are mostly monocotyledonous plants in angiosperms.

Aquatic plants have life forms such as still water, floating leaves, wet life and submerged water. Emergent plants are plant life forms with roots in the substrate, erect stems and aerial photosynthetic tissues. Mainly monocots. Floating leaf plants are plant life forms with floating stems and leaves, fixed roots or free floating. Submerged plants refer to the submerged life and life forms in root sediments of plants in most life cycles. Mainly monocots.

It can be said that wet plants are accidental or uncommon aquatic plants; Emergent plants are aquatic plants with water roots; The root floating leaf plant is an aquatic plant with aerial leaves; Only submerged plants are completely aquatic plants.

The role of aquatic plants The aquatic plants floating in the pond are like a beautiful oil painting. Aquatic plants are shelters and refuges for many aquatic animals, and they are also food for many animals, such as snails and ducks. People can raise aquatic plants in fish tanks to increase the oxygen content of fish tank water and let fish get more oxygen.

Aquatic plants, aquatic animals, bottom sand and water together create a circular ecosystem. The soluble part of animal manure is absorbed by aquatic plants to avoid the deterioration of water quality, while the insoluble part will become bottom sediment and fix the roots of aquatic plants.

The role of aquatic plants in supplying oxygen;

This may be a well-known thing, and it is also the biggest role of aquatic plants. Under the light, aquatic plants constantly inject oxygen into the water and into the bottom. Frankly speaking, no artificial equipment can accomplish the same function. In the aquarium, oxygen is released in the form of water, but it is visible in some cases, for example, tiny oxygen bubbles may rise from damaged leaves to the water surface, and the importance of oxygen in the aquarium.

Waste consumption:

The metabolism of fish produces a large amount of organic matter which is absorbed by aquatic plants. This substance is mainly a compound of nitrogen and phosphate. If their content in the aquarium is not reduced, it will cause excessive growth of algae. Provide the active surface of fungi. Bacteria perform a very important but difficult task in the aquarium. They constantly decompose and recombine some compounds. Without these bacteria, it may pose a threat to the aquarium or fish, so they need a lot of room for activities, whether in the bottom bed, in the filter or even on aquatic plants, which is another important function of aquatic plants. Therefore, in the early days of the establishment of the aquarium, we need to plant dense aquatic plants in the aquarium, so that many useless fungi can be decomposed by aquatic plants. In fact, it depends on nitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of aquatic plants. Outdoor research shows that the number of proliferating bacteria obtained from highly polluted rivers is greatly reduced after being put into the aquarium by densely planted aquatic plants and other objects that provide extensive adhesion. In addition to toxic substances, research shows that pollutants such as salicylic acid, carbonic acid and washing powder can also be eliminated by aquatic plants, because untreated wastewater from metal processing plants and slaughterhouses is introduced into experimental facilities containing swamp plants, and the treated water is close to the quality of drinking water. Of course, in order to prevent the growth of algae, you can't forget the fact that experienced aquarium lovers emphasize that densely planting well-growing aquatic plants in aquariums is the best way to prevent the spread of algae, because aquatic plants have obvious advantages in competing with algae for nutrients. Of course, the prerequisite for aquatic plants to be stronger than algae is that they must grow and reproduce in a strong and healthy way in the aquarium. First of all, let us remind you that the most important function of aquatic plants in the aquarium is to let fish breed in the aquarium. Some fish especially like to lay their eggs on the leaves of aquatic plants. Without aquatic plants, young fish will have nowhere to hide in the aquarium, so they may be attacked by big fish with food. One more thing: Daphnia will feed on the stems and leaves of aquatic plants, which makes it easy for fish to prey. I believe I have made it clear enough that I am in favor of using live aquatic plants. What remains for us to reflect on is how to make these aquatic plants perform the necessary functions mentioned above.

Common aquatic plant species: Sophora alopecuroides, commonly known as grass, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, and grass with poles, are aquatic herbs. There are stolons, basal leaves, long and narrow as strips, and the length of leaves varies with the depth of water level. The leaves are green and translucent, standing in the water. Strong adaptability to water quality, like weak alkaline water quality, do not like high temperature, cold resistance, like light.

Gracilaria lemaneiformis: The leaf shape is also like a belt, but it grows in a rotating way, standing upright in the water from the top of the base like a wave, which is very unique and beautiful. Need more light, don't like high temperature, the suitable temperature is 24℃.

Crown grass: it is a magnificent large aquatic plant with stout petiole, wide and long leaves and a plant height of more than 60 cm. Native to Brazil, similar to the terrestrial Brazilian wood, it should be planted in a large aquarium. Suitable for growth in weak acid and neutral water, like warm and light, the water temperature should be above 24℃, 26? 28℃ is the most suitable.

Thin-leaf crown: it is a small swamp plant, native to Brazil. Needle-shaped leaves are 10- 15cm long and 1cm wide, with almost no petiole and a total height of about 20cm. Two or three spiral flowers are about 1.5cm in size and have six pistils. The leaves are green and solid, the main veins are clear and the veins on both sides are not obvious. Reproduction by splitting buds will produce offspring on the reproductive stem of the mother plant. I like strong light. 20-25℃ is the most suitable.

Argentine crown grass: native to Brazil, Guyana and Argentina. The leaves are oval, with a length of15-25cm and a width of10-15cm. It can produce a flower with a size of 4 cm, about 24 stamens and a fruit with a size of 0.3 cm. Ask for more sunshine. The water temperature is 22-28℃.

Mini Crown: Originated in Brazil. The needle is 5- 15 cm long and 0.5- 1 cm wide to adapt to different lighting conditions. It is a small aquatic plant that can be arranged in an aquarium at will. It is even better as a foreground grass. Can't be planted in coarse sand environment. Iron fertilizer needs to be replenished at any time. Crawling reproduction The water temperature is 22-27℃.

Pocket Crown: A small aquatic amphibian found in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. The needle is 3-5cm long and 0.5- 1 cm wide. Petiole 2-3 cm, root often red, flower 1.5 cm, 9 pistils, fruit 0. 13 cm. The leaves and stems in water are about 7- 12 cm long and 0.5-0.8 cm wide. The lighting condition is 50W/ 100L water. Iron fertilizer needs to be supplemented. Shoot division and propagation of the belt generation. Water temperature 18-28℃.

Wave crown: native to southern Brazil. Growing in waters with slow water flow and low water temperature. The leaves in the water are lanceolate, 25-35 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, and the edges are wavy, so they are called wave grass. There are elliptic aerial leaves, which are 15 cm long and 9 cm wide, and the flowers are about 2 cm. Propagation is carried out by using lateral buds growing on rhizomes. The water temperature is 22-30℃.

Corolla: native to southern North America and West India. Belongs to common varieties. Leaves don't live long. Young leaves are narrow and pointed, and have no petiole. Mature leaves are heart-shaped, 20-30 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, with yellow veins. When the floatable area grows, these underwater leaves will disappear. Not tolerant of much light, less than 12 hours a day. In order to maintain the growth of its leaves in water, it is necessary to trim its leaves regularly. Lateral bud propagation. Suitable for weak acidic water, the water temperature is 20-26℃.

A crown with long leaves; Found in Central America and southern Brazil. It is a very long and large ornamental aquatic plant. The leaves are needle-shaped or oval, with a length of 15-25 cm, a width of 3- 10 cm and a sharp tip. The size of the flower is about 1.5 cm, and the fruit is 0.2 cm. Soft water and coarse sand environment are needed, and large and high aquarium or swamp aquarium is needed for planting. The water temperature is 22-28℃.

Large leaf crown: native to Guyana, western Brazil and Argentina. Arrow-shaped or heart-shaped, elliptic leaves, 20-30 cm long. Petiole has thorns, and the flower is 3 cm big. It needs a wide aquarium, strong light, fertile cornerstone and weak acid water quality. Propagation with buds on pedicels. Reproduction is more difficult. Suitable for weak acidic water, the water temperature is 20-27℃.

Small sea sail: native to northern South America and the Amazon River basin. It has dark green to dark brown heart-shaped leaves with sharp tips supported horizontally by petioles. Leaves can be as long as15-20cm and as wide as 5 5- 10/0cm, with 5-7 main veins. As long as it adapts to the environment, it can grow very well under bright light conditions. You can see its flowers on the water. Like crown grass, molecular strains reproduce. The water temperature is 22-28℃.

Red egg: A highly adaptable aquatic plant, native to southern Brazil. The height can reach 40-50 cm. Mature leaves are reddish, 30-40 cm long and 4-5 cm wide, with obvious veins and wrinkled edges. The ornamental effect is excellent under strong light, but the fertilizer supply needs to be strengthened under strong light. You can't blossom in the water. It can be propagated by using descendants of petioles or new buds of roots. The water temperature is 22-28℃.

Elephant ear: an aquatic plant found in south-central North America and Mexico. It has strong adaptability and is more suitable for planting in large aquariums alone. Blunt heart-shaped leaves, 20-25cm long and10-15cm wide. Floating leaves with long stems grow, but only need to be subtracted to maintain the growth of leaves in water. White flowers can bloom on the water and bear fruit after artificial pollination. Shoot lateral propagation. The water temperature is 22-28℃.

Tiger ears: native to North America, also known as water melon seeds. The leaves are oval and 30 mm long. When exposed to strong light, the leaves at the top of the stem turn from red to dark brown. I like strong light and low water temperature. The suitable water temperature of aquarium is 16 ~ 24℃.

Water plantain: also known as water cabbage, the leaves are heavy and basic, light green, thin and transparent. Flowers bloom on the water, grow in ponds, small lakes and slow-flowing ditches, and are distributed in East China and Guangdong.

Shui Rong: Roots extend horizontally and green leaves grow upward. Wide adaptability to water quality, activity resistance and easy growth. However, in soft water with water temperature over 30℃, the leaves shrink into small size and grow slowly. The suitable temperature is 5 ~ 20℃. Mainly used for aquarium beautification of weakly alkaline fish.

KUSANAGI: In Japanese, it means grass beside water, and Tuocao-as its name implies, is a lump of grass, but its content is not that simple. Broadening grass can generally be divided into three categories: 1. Aquatic plants-all are composed of terrestrial leaves or direct terrestrial leaves. Observe the leaves on the surface and underwater. Creatures such as fish and snails can be kept in tanks. 2. Wild plants-water-loving plants collected on the banks of rivers, streams and lakes, and grass made after treatment. 3. bonsai. A bonsai made of moss and flowers. Not many people do this.