How many years does porcelain bloom naturally? Please tell me, the knowledgeable master, that this hand warmer looks glamorous, but in fact, the surface is all open.

Putonghua explains that the opening of a piece is a natural cracking phenomenon of porcelain glaze. There are two reasons for cracking: first, the mud extends in a certain direction during molding, which affects the arrangement of molecules; Second, the expansion coefficient of green body and glaze is different, and the shrinkage rate of glaze layer is large when it is cooled after firing. Therefore, cracking is originally a shortcoming in porcelain firing; However, the open glaze (that is, cracked glaze) made by people who have mastered the law of cracking has become a special decoration of porcelain. This product can be found in Ruyao, Guanyao and Geyao in Song Dynasty. Geyao products in Song Dynasty are the most famous. Open slices, also known as ice cracks, are divided into eel blood, gold thread and light yellow caviar pattern according to color, and are divided into net pattern, plum pattern and fine lines according to shape.

If there are lines on the surface of porcelain, it is called "opening". Divided into "big opening" and "small opening". Small pieces are subdivided,

It is called "caviar pattern"; Large and sparse ones are called "cow hair pattern", "willow leaf pattern" and "crab claw pattern", all of which describe their shapes. Opening of porcelain

Cracks in ceramic glaze

It is a kind of knowledge that collectors must know. There are two reasons for opening porcelain. One is manual membrane opening, and the other is natural membrane opening. Artificial porcelain is mostly plasma embryo porcelain. The so-called "pulp embryo" is to extract the soaked fine porcelain powder, clarify it and melt it into mud to make an embryo. Artificial slices, in the process of making these plasma tires, ingredients are prepared. When people burn in a kiln, they have to be made into pieces, large pieces and small pieces, which can be done with different ingredients. The porcelain burned in this way looks like cracks, and the cracks are all in the embryo.

Cracks in ceramic glaze

The natural opening is that the surface glaze of porcelain has gradually cracked, or caviar-like, or ox hair-like. No matter what grain shape, the opening has nothing to do with the embryo, and the opening grain will never go deep, only on the glaze. Therefore, the glaze color of any porcelain that has been opened naturally for a long time always seems to be lingering and looming. If you open the film manually, it will suddenly appear on the porcelain tire. This is the fundamental difference between the two. Man-made movies began in Geyao in Song Dynasty, and have been imitated since then. Ge Kiln was a kiln factory opened by Zhang Suo, the middle brother of the Zhang brothers in Longquan County, Chuzhou (now Lishui, Zhejiang) in the Song Dynasty. Geyao porcelain is delicate, firm and heavy, with caviar-like broken lines and cracks, as well as large and small broken lines. The cow hair pattern with yellow caviar pattern on ancient porcelain is natural. Naturally cracked porcelain is said to be found in Chai Kiln porcelain created by Chai Shizong in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is bean green with fine lines in the glaze. Ding Kiln Porcelain in Northern Song Dynasty is a fine product of ancient porcelain, and all bottle openers are Liu Wen. Jingdezhen was decided in the Southern Song Dynasty, but some films were opened and some were not. Pingyang kiln, also known as Earth Ding in Song Dynasty, has snake patterns on its porcelain. In the Song Dynasty, Anyao had a kind of dark flower with fine glaze, which was very fine and split. Ignorant people often mistake it for a kiln. The dark flowers of this Yao kiln porcelain are slightly different from those of Ding kiln porcelain, which can't be recognized by non-appraisers. In Song Dynasty, Fujian kiln porcelain had a white color, similar to Ding kiln, but it didn't open, which was the difference between them. In the Qing Dynasty, Langya porcelain was produced successively. There is one piece inside and outside all porcelain, and the bottom is covered with rushes spiral pattern, and the color is deep red like solidified cow blood, which is the first product. Another kind of green Langyao porcelain is dark green.

Cracks in ceramic glaze

Cute, full of fine lines. In fact, this is an imitation of the Ge kiln in the Ming Dynasty. As for the porcelain of Langyao, it is not only valued by the world, but also misunderstood. Langyao porcelain, commonly known by porcelain merchants, is actually a gem glaze dedicated to safflower in the Ming Dynasty, not all of which are made by Langyao. In addition, porcelain merchants mistakenly thought that Langya was built by Lang Shining, a foreigner who worshiped the palace during the Qianlong period of Yongzheng. In fact, Lang Shining has never supervised the production of porcelain. The real "Lang" should refer to Lang Tingji, an official who supervised the porcelain industry in Kangxi Dynasty, who was then the governor of Jiangxi Province, and was recorded in Lu Tao, Tea Language Ke Hua and other notes. The "Langyao" in the mouth of porcelain merchants actually confused the facts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which was passed down and became a habit. It is this change in customs and ethos that is also evident in the appreciation of porcelain and the change in the price of porcelain. At first, porcelain was small and big, and porcelain was big and small, which was very expensive in the porcelain market. However, since modern times, the porcelain appreciation circle has paid no attention to the manual opening of Ge kiln, while the opening of Lang kiln is precious. But in a word, open porcelain that can't be touched by hand is more valuable.

Appraisers must understand that there are two kinds of open pieces in general porcelain. One is manual film opening, which is mostly "blank" and is being made.

Open film (5 sheets)

The chemical was artificially added before the fetus, causing the porcelain bottle to open. This artificial opening of porcelain is as deep as the fetal bone, just like a crack, that is to say, this opening is formed inside the blank tire. The natural opening of porcelain is due to the long time, and the objects on the glaze of porcelain gradually crack. Generally, the opening of porcelain is caviar pattern and cow hair pattern. Pay attention to careful observation and distinction when identifying.

Natural cracks will not go deep into the fetal bone, but will only form cracks on the glaze.

Hundreds of pieces of garbage are a kind of ice cracks, that is, those with dense lines and thin slices in the crack glaze. This name originated from Ge Kiln in Song Dynasty, and has been used ever since Jingdezhen Kiln imitated Ge Kiln.

Glazing can be divided into two types: one is filling type, in which soot is filled in the gap of fired glaze, and the grain is black; Or in cracks.

Cracks in ceramic glaze

Filled with colorants such as copper sulfate, the texture is brown-green. The other is the covering type, in which a layer of colored glaze is covered on the bottom glaze after baking, and then it is baked again, and cracks appear, revealing the color of the bottom glaze. According to the density and pattern of cracks, the opening pieces are called ice cracks, caviar patterns, garbage fragments, crab claw patterns, cow hair patterns and eel blood patterns respectively.

Hundreds of pieces of garbage are a kind of ice cracks, that is, those with dense lines and thin slices in the crack glaze. This name originated from Ge Kiln in Song Dynasty, and has been used ever since Jingdezhen Kiln imitated Ge Kiln.