How is Han Yu's theory of "upholding justice and speaking out" embodied?

This idiom comes from the preface to Meng Dongye written by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of this article, I said, "Where there is injustice, there must be sound." What does it mean to say "if there is injustice, it will sound"? Modern Chinese Dictionary says "expressing indignation at unfair things". When explaining that "injustice makes a sound", Ci Hai first quoted Han Yu's original words, and then said, "Later, it refers to the voice of dissatisfaction when encountering irregularities." The interpretation of Ci Yuan is similar. These dictionaries can only explain the post-meaning of the word "injustice makes noise". In the study of literary criticism, people often use the expression "injustice makes a sound" to illustrate the positive role of the unfortunate and painful life experiences of poets and writers in their creation. It is reasonable to regard it as the same theoretical source as "writing books in anger" and "working after poverty", but it still needs a little analysis to understand the original intention of "complaining when there is injustice" more comprehensively and accurately.

What is the original meaning of the sentence "injustice makes noise"? If we simply understand "injustice is crying" as indignation at unfair things, there are many unexplained and even contradictory places in the Preface to Send Meng Dongye. Hong Mai, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the article "Introduction to Send Meng Dongye", Volume 4 of Rong Zhai Essays:

Han Wengong's Preface to Send Meng Dongye said, "If things are unfair, then there will be voices." But it says, "When Tang Yu was in trouble, Tao and Yu were blamed for singing, but I pretended to sing, and I pretended to sing in Shao, Yi Yin and Sang Zhou." There is another cloud: "Heaven will be with its voice, and the country will prosper." However, it is not the so-called "no".

Hong Mai believes that Han Yu said that "things are not fair, but this paper regards Hao Tao, Dayu, Yi Yin of Yin and Duke Zhou of Tang Yu as" good singers ". These people are all successful politicians, and it seems difficult to associate them with injustice. Moreover, what the article says is "Heaven and its sound will make the country prosperous", not to mention "Injustice will make the country prosperous". Hong Mai thinks that Han Yu's example is not consistent with the saying that "injustice makes a sound".

Whether there is any contradiction in Han Yu's article depends on the connotation of the word "injustice" Mr. Qian Zhongshu said in the article "Poetry Can Complain": "Han Yu's" injustice "and" grievance "are not equal, it not only refers to anger, but also includes joy." In other words, "injustice" means that people's minds are in an uneasy state and produce emotions. Mr. Qian's explanation is insightful and corrects some narrow understandings of "injustice" in the past. However, Han Yu's "injustice" is not limited to people's emotional problems, and can be further analyzed on the basis of Mr. Qian.

I think "ping" means ordinary, calm, balanced, ordinary and so on. "Uneven" refers to unusual goodness, which can mean that things are suppressed or promoted, or things are developing and changing, or full of contradictions. In short, "inequality" refers to a wide range, not adversity.

"If there is injustice, it will sound" means that when nature, society and life are in an unusual situation, they will definitely show something.

Let's take the preface to seeing off Meng Dongye as an example. As far as nature is concerned, vegetation is silent in a calm situation, but it is "the sound of wind blowing"; Still water is silent, but it is "windy"; Why does nature "have birds singing in spring, thunder singing in summer, insects singing in autumn and wind singing in winter" is because it is in a changing process. "If the four seasons are pushed off, some people will not be equal!" "Uneven" is formed because of the inherent contradictions in nature.

The same is true of human society. When it is in a state of change and turbulence, there will always be some "nice" numbers. This can be a prosperous time, such as Hao Tao and Dayu of Tang Yu, Yi Yin of Yin Shang, and Duke of Zhou. It can also keep pace with the times, such as "Zhou's passion, Confucius' disciple"; At the end, Zhuang Zhou sang with his absurd words; Chu is a big country, and its death is also called Qu Yuan. You can "speak with Tao", Mencius and Xunzi; Can "sing skillfully", such as Yang Zhu, Laozi, Han, Zhang Yi, Su Qin; It can also be sung in poems, such as Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong, Chen Ziang, Li Bai and Du Fu.

Han Yu thinks that Meng Jiao is a good singer, but he doesn't know whether God wants him to "sing about the prosperity of the country" or "sing about his own misfortune", but neither situation will affect Meng Jiao's "singing well", so he is advised not to be "happy" or "sad" because of adversity. Here, Han Yu does not simply emphasize the role of "misfortune" on poets. Why do later readers often focus on misfortune and resentment when they understand the meaning of "injustice is loud"? This is because Meng Jiao was originally a poor poet, and most of his poems were poor voices, and Han Yu also expressed deep sympathy for him.

The theory of "injustice makes a sound" has certain theoretical significance: for literary creation, it is easy to produce the works of great writers in turbulent times of change; Most of the writers' good works come from unusual (not just "unfortunate") life experiences, and it is difficult to produce wonderful works without an ordinary or mediocre life.

Zhao Yi said: "The country is unfortunate and the poet is lucky." Turbulent times provide poets with creative themes and motivation, so they often create works that shock their hearts. This is of course very reasonable, but a prosperous and relatively free era can also produce the works of great poets to "praise the prosperity of the country." The prosperous Tang Dynasty in ancient China was also the golden age of literature, which is enough to prove this point. As far as the poet's creation is concerned, it is a common phenomenon (of course, many people are poor and backward), but as long as they don't live a mediocre life, they can write good works as long as they can keenly grasp the changes of the times and life and express their feelings.