Please introduce the situation in Shanghai in the 1930s and 1940s.

Shanghai was opened shortly after its opening in 1888

The central area of ??Shanghai in 1933. After the first Opium War in 1840, according to the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing signed in 1842, Shanghai became one of the five One of the foreign trade ports, allowing the British to establish concessions in Shanghai. After its opening, modern Shanghai became the most prosperous port and economic and financial center in the Far East. "It was the only international metropolis in modern Asia." At that time, the four districts of Huangpu, Jing'an, Hongkou and Yangpu in present-day Shanghai were mainly the Shanghai Public Concession (mainly British and American), Changning District was the cross-border road construction area of ??the Shanghai Public Concession, and the Luwan and Xuhui districts were Mainly the French Concession in Shanghai. At that time, Shanghai's concession areas enjoyed completely independent administrative and judicial powers. The existence of the concession prevented Shanghai from being affected by the war, and allowed it to enjoy an actually independent status and sufficient international connections, which brought about the prosperity of modern Shanghai. However, the Hongkou and Yangpu districts were later classified as Japanese defense zones and became Japan's sphere of influence. During the Songhu Battle, they were hit as hard as the Chinese border.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Zhabei and Nan City (Chinese Territory) outside the concession belonged to Jiangsu Province. In 1928, the government of the Republic of China established the Shanghai Special City in the area outside the concession, which was under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. At the same time, it was merged into 17 cities and townships in Shanghai County and Baoshan County, Jiangsu Province. In July 1930, it was renamed Shanghai City. In 1937, the Japanese invasion of China broke out. After the Battle of Songhu, the Japanese army defeated the Chinese army and occupied all areas of Shanghai except the concession. The French Concession in Shanghai and the half of the Shanghai Public Concession south of the Suzhou River experienced an isolated island period for more than four years. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japan declared war on Britain and the United States, and then the Japanese army invaded the concession. The entire territory of Shanghai was occupied by Japan until Japan unconditionally surrendered in 1945. After the end of World War II, Shanghai was occupied and taken over by the Republic of China in accordance with the "Cairo Declaration" jointly issued by China, the United States, and Britain. Shanghai was freed from Qing rule in 1842 until 1945 when it lost its unique status and became part of the Republic of China. Until May 1949, Shanghai was taken over by the National Government of the Republic of China.

In 1946, a large-scale civil war broke out between the government troops of the Republic of China and the army led by the Communist Party of China (see the Civil War of the Kuomintang). In May 1949, the People's Liberation Army, an armed force led by the Communist Party of China, defeated the government forces of the Republic of China and occupied Shanghai. At the same time, military control was imposed on Shanghai, and a large number of people, property and institutions were evacuated.

From the perspective of new cultural development, it has the characteristics of gradual deepening. The first type of cultural cluster is the creation and propaganda center of new cultural information. It spreads to the public through newspapers and periodicals. It has sensational characteristics and mainly affects people's ideological and cultural levels. The second type of cultural cluster is the propagation and education center of the new culture. It mainly makes the new culture continue vertically through teaching and academic activities. Its goal is to create a group of new people with a new cultural spirit. Its target is not limited to the ideological and cultural level, but the overall quality of people. It has long-term effectiveness and stability both in terms of structure and effect. The third type of cultural cluster has obvious divergent characteristics as various cultural organizations. It is actually a certain physical form obtained by spreading and growing in different areas during the process of the new culture's outward expansion. It shows that cultural diffusion has achieved some practical results at the social level. The essence of the construction of the May Fourth New Culture is the construction of a value system. This construction not only constructs cultural values ??and corresponding cultural norms and forms, but also constructs corresponding cultural organizations as the material commitment of the value system. Therefore, it is not surprising that while the May Fourth New Culture is constructing ideological culture, it is also constantly constructing its materialized form. It is not difficult to find that with the deepening of the construction process of the May Fourth New Culture, on the one hand, the value ideals of science and democracy have been transformed into scientific socialism under the new historical conditions. This goal is to combine science and society based on the cultural view of historical materialism. Democracy was unified; on the other hand, cultural value ideals quickly gained their own value. The successive establishment of the Communist Group, the Socialist Youth League, and the Communist Party of China marked that the construction of the May Fourth New Culture has risen to the level of social organizations. A construction based on ideology and culture has gradually turned into a social construction based on cultural practice, so it has no impact on the current development of Shanghai..

Before 1949, Shanghai was a place of drunkenness and wealth. . At that time, Shanghai's famous "Paramont" dance hall was famous, derived from the English "Paramont". "Big World" is also a famous entertainment center.

Many movie theaters are also very luxurious. For example, the Grand Guangming Cinema was built in 1928 and was designed by the outstanding German architect L.E. HUDEC. It is a municipal-level outstanding protected building. Cathay Cinema was formerly known as Cathay Theatre. Built in 1930, it was designed by Hongda Matheson. It has a reinforced concrete structure. The exterior walls are made of purple-red Taishan bricks with white caulking. It is a typical Art Deco style. On January 1, 1932, the Cathay Grand Theater officially opened to the public. . The advertising slogan published in the "Shenbao" that day was: "The magnificent and majestic movie theater is the leader in Shanghai, exquisite and comfortable, integrating the achievements of modern science and technology." After 1949, it was renamed Cathay Cinema, and during the "Cultural Revolution" it was renamed People's Cinema. In 1994, it was named an outstanding historical building by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government.

Between 1918 and 1925, Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China, lived in a small European country-style house on Xiangshan Road, south of the bustling Huaihai Road and east of Sinan Road. Now it has been changed to the former residence of Sun Yat-sen. There is a Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall in Shanghai Xingzhi Park. There is the Lu Xun Memorial Hall near Hongkou Park.

Shanghai has many old European and American-style buildings. Among them, a group of European-style foreign banks, businesses and restaurants located on the Bund have always been a symbol of Shanghai, such as Citibank and Peace Hotel. wait. But in fact, there are still many garden villas with different styles left over from the 1920s and 1930s in the city, such as Lilac Garden, Sassoon Villa, Mahler House, and Kadoorie Garden, which is now used as the Shanghai Children's Palace. In the center of Shanghai, there was also the huge Shanghai Racecourse at that time.