Poems praising Linli Song Yu

Song Yu, also known as Ziyuan, is from Yicheng, Hubei (also known as Guizhou). According to legend, he is a student of Qu Yuan. Born in 290 BC and died in 223 BC, he is a great romantic poet of Chu after Qu Yuan. According to the Records of Liu Yu's Anfu County, "Zhou Songyu, a native of Guizhou and a disciple of Qu Yuan, was exiled because of his teacher's loyalty and righteousness. He wrote five pieces of Nine Arguments to express his sympathy for the teacher's life and wrote" Evocation "to restore his spirit and prolong his life. Like Jing Cha, Le Tang said: Guest Chu Shi is a doctor. Try to live in the city, there are cities and temples, and see Huashan, let go of the boat lake, and then bury it on the south bank of Yuxi in the city. "

As we all know, China's poems flourished in Chu from the Book of Songs. In the atmosphere of the prosperity of Chu nationality and the rise of Chu Ci, the great poet Qu Yuan came into being and wrote such brilliant masterpieces as Li Sao, Tian Wen and Nine Chapters. Qu Yuan is also a failed politician who cares about the country and the people. He is related to the king of Chu, to the regime of Chu and to life and death. When his reputation was discredited and his political ideals were completely shattered, what awaited him was the fate of sinking into the river and dying for his country.

Song Yu is just a poor man in the rural area where Chu belongs to the state. He is charming and good at words. He went to Beijing. On the recommendation of a friend, he managed to get a small position as a literary attendant to express his ambition. Unexpectedly, he was jealous, soon dereliction of duty, was exiled to his dream place, and was down and out all his life.

Song Yu was only about 30 years old when he was demoted to Yunmengdi (now Linli area), and his life was extremely difficult because of wandering in a foreign land. But he is determined, honest and honest, and writes poems to express his feelings. He wrote a lyric poem "Nine Arguments" on the Kanhua Mountain to express his ambition and life experience of "dereliction of duty and injustice" and "no clothes to keep out the cold".

"At the age of about 67, he attacked Chu late and died silently in the chaos of Chu's demise. For the death and burial of a down-and-out scholar, the king of Qin simply shrugged off it and had no time to ask. However, Song Yu spent almost most of his life in Lishui River Basin or Daoshui River, and established deep feelings with local people. Look at the people at the foot of Huashan Mountain. His friends and students held a simple funeral for him. It is said that when the funeral coffin was carried to the mountain on the south bank of Yuxi River for burial, the situation suddenly changed, and it rained cats and dogs, so all undertaker took shelter from the rain. When the rain stopped, people found that a big grave had been buried where Song Yu's coffin was placed. In order to remember him, later generations built monuments, cities and temples to worship their ancestors. The place where he lives is also called Song Yucheng (now also called Cheng Chun). He often looks at the mountain with flowers and turns to the mountain with flowers. The lake where he put his boat and recited poems is called Boat Lake.

A synonym for a garden elite, so quietly buried in Linli Yuxi River.

More than two thousand years have passed.

The wind and frost of the years have mercilessly eroded his remains. Over time, even the word "jade" written by Song Yu is ambiguous and difficult to distinguish, which leads some people to mistake Song Yu's tomb for Wang Song's tomb. But in the Six Dynasties, an anonymous folk song told the truth:

Every April, the cauliflower turns yellow, and the yellow croaker faces the King of Song.

Flowers bloom and fish come, but flowers fall and fish go.

There is only the way to the King of Song, who is the way to Song Yu?

-croaker nursery rhymes

Until the late Tang Dynasty, Li Qunyu, a poet from Lizhou who worked as a proofreader in Hong Wen Pavilion, went to Song Yu's tomb and wrote a poem: "There is no point beside the rain, which was mistaken for Wang Song's tomb." Thus, the mystery of Song Yu's tomb on the Daoshui River in Lizhou was solved. Perhaps, at that time, the scholar-officials arranged and trimmed Song Yu's tombstones and tombs. ...

Since then, Song Yu's tomb has fallen into silence.

After Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. After thousands of years, the literary talents of Tang Zong and Song Zu have been washed away, and the beauty of empresses has all been dispelled. Song Yu's tomb was even buried in the grass, and no one cared.

During the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, Jiang Guangye, the rich man of Anfu, became famous all over the country for "helping the army pay", and the Jiang family was promoted and popular, so he kept close contact with the middle and upper-level officials in Hunan at that time. In order to facilitate the payment, they set off the climax of activities to commemorate Qu and Song, and compiled The First Collection of Snow White. The Anfu squire, headed by Jiang and others, donated money to build a monument for the tomb of Song Yu, built the Song Yu Temple, and set up a "Jiubian Academy" beside the temple for later study. Gong Sheng Deng Xin 'an wrote "Jiubian Academy" to commemorate it. At that time, many officials and literati in Lizhou learned to write poems to express their feelings. Later. Most of these poems are included in Anfu County Records and Arts.

Song Yu was poor before his death, but he was also cold and depressed after his death. However, he left a masterpiece for China literary world, and his contribution is indelible in the history of China literature.

According to the records in "Thirty Poems of Yi Wenzhi", there are 65,438+04 poems written by Song Yu: Nine Arguments, Evocation (see Wang Yi's Songs of the South), Feng Fu, Gao Fu, Goddess Fu and Disciple Fu.

Nine Debates is a self-report of Song Yu's life experience. Excerpts are as follows:

"Kanyi Xi, a poor man, was frustrated by his dereliction of duty and had no friends when wandering around ... as a result, he was caught in the middle, but I stayed there and accomplished nothing ... your heart was different ... your king's door was heavy and your dog was stubborn, and he called you ... when was the vulgar work clever? You can't see Xi ... Geng Jie is alone, but he doesn't follow Xi ... Gone with the world is not my cup of tea. It's better to be poor and famous than meaningless ... I'd rather be poor and stay high ... I don't want to be loyal, I don't want to steal, I want to be dirty ... I'm arrogant and beautiful, but I'm cutting Wu Xi, and the negative Geng Jie is both good and bad. ...

From the above excerpts, we can generally see that the poet described bleak autumn scenery from different angles, expressing his sad autumn feelings of bumpy and unfortunate life experience and career failure. He complained that the reason why he was in a bad situation after dereliction of duty was because the bad guys in North Korea were in power and politically corrupt. He denounced the villain as king and confused right and wrong; Exposed the darkness of Chu's rule, the fatuous king was headstrong, arrogant and boastful, and the war brought pain and disaster. Politically, the king of Chu despised the virtuous ministers and attached importance to the villains, which led to the decline of the world and the collapse of the country. He could not understand his loyalty and realize his political ambitions. Even so, he doesn't want to be dirty with the world, and his heart is full of frustration and endless boredom. Finally, I had to transcend reality through fantasy and travel in space to get rid of my miserable situation and chest pain. ...

Nine Debates is a lyric poem written together with Li Sao. The whole poem is divided into nine sections, step by step, expressing feelings through natural scenery, blending scenes and lofty artistic conception. But in the form of expression, Jiubian is different from Lisao. The first is to break the four-sentence and two-rhyme format of Chu Ci. The number of words in the sentence increases, and the syntax is more flexible and free, especially the syllables. Disyllabic rhyming words and reduplicated words are widely used (for example, "the sad people at the beginning of the model increase their sadness, they feel sad and disgusted, so they are new ... by nature."

Sima Qian said that the poem "Evocation of Soul" was written by Qu Yuan, but Wang Yi in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "The work of Song Yuzhi, the author of" Evocation of Soul ",also ... Song Yu pitied Qu Yuan for his loyalty and refused, worried about the country and the people, lost his life, and pretended that" Evocation of Soul "wanted to restore his spirit.

Sima Qian didn't say whose soul Qu Yuan recruited, but Wang Yi clearly pointed out that it was the soul of Qu Yuan recruited by Song Yu, and took pains to explain Song Yu's mentality and purpose when writing about evocation. The former is a great historian, while the latter is a great Chu Ci writer. This article stands in the position of Anfu county annals, starting with Wang.

Evocation is quite distinctive in Chu ci. First, the reasons for evocation are described in the form of fantasy, then the dangers of east, west, north and south, heaven and earth are written in myths and legends, and then the ghosts are lured back to their homeland with the beauty of their hometown's rooms, food, music and entertainment, thus illuminating the whole article in a sad and illusory atmosphere. Finally, at the end of the article, the theme of "the soul belongs to the south of the Yangtze River" was pointed out, which came to an abrupt end.

The whole article is orderly in structure, vivid in language, exquisite in brushwork, bold in exaggeration, layered in description, rich in emotion and touching in sadness. It has a direct influence on the emergence of the later "Han Fu" style.

Feng Fu narrates that when Song Yu and Jing Ke accompanied Wang Xiang to visit the Lantai Palace, they skillfully took the wind as the topic, satirizing Wang Chu's arrogance and showing no sympathy for the sufferings of the people. He divided the wind in nature into two types: male wind and female wind. Masculinity can only be enjoyed by the supreme ruler, while female wind belongs to the common people, revealing the irreconcilable contradiction between the ruler and the ruled. In this paper, how the wind "began at the end of the Qing Dynasty", how it became bigger and smaller, and how it became smaller and smaller, was vividly described, and the whole process of things was written. Careful observation, accurate grasp and brilliant literary talent.

"Gao" and "Goddess Fu" describe that Song Yu accompanied King Xiang of Chu to Yunmengtai alone. "Qian Fu" recorded the dream of meeting the goddess of Wushan, starting with the description of the beauty of the scenery in Gaotang and then gently persuading. If you use talented people, you will be refreshed and secure. The post-Fu advised King Xiang of Chu to put state affairs first and get rid of the illusory concept of Wushan Goddess.

Song Yu wrote in Lottie's Lust Fu that when Lottie attacked the king of Chu because of lust, he tried his best to defend himself in front of the king of Chu. The full text deals with the attacker just as he deals with you. Use a sharp pen, grasp one point and exaggerate as much as possible, not as good as the rest. There is no lack of romanticism in strict logic. The vivid and meticulous description of beautiful women in Fu is particularly prominent and becomes a swan song.

From Ask the King of Chu, it can be seen that Song Yu was not tolerated by the secular before his dereliction of duty. The article first writes the rebuke of the king of Chu, and then writes Song Yu to defend himself. He compared himself to the most beautiful song and the phoenix in the bird and the fish in the fish, and compared those who slandered him to the audience who didn't know the tune, "the crane on the fence" and "the giant on the scale" to show that there is a fundamental difference in interests and behavior between a gentleman and a villain, so the so-called "public opinion" that attacked him was all unwarranted nonsense.

Da Yan Fu and Xiao Yan Fu recorded the travel activities between Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke and Wang Xiang. Song Yu overwhelmed Le Tang and Jing Ke with his wisdom and knowledge: what he said was huge and exaggerated beyond description, and what he said was tiny, imaginable and unpredictable. Won the appreciation of the king of Chu Xiang, so he was awarded the field of cloud dreams by the king of Chu Xiang.

Other works, such as Defoe, Satire Fu, Fishing Fu, Dance Fu and Gaotangdui, all have the above characteristics to varying degrees, but they are not as famous as mentioned above.

Song Yujun is only good at writing. His works occupy a lofty position in the history of China literature.

Sima Qian in the Han Dynasty said in Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng: "After Qu Yuan's death, Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke and others were all called Fu Jian ..."

When Sima Xiangru wrote Zi Xu and Shang Lin, he also imitated Song Yu's Gao.

Liu Shao said: "It is impossible to catch up with Qu Song and Ibrahimovic."

Li Bai said, "The early death of Qu Song is unparalleled."

Du Fu's poems praise "decline": I know that Song Yuzhi is sad, romantic and elegant, and he is also my teacher. ""I'm afraid I will follow in the footsteps of Qi Liang. " . In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Qunyu claimed to be "a great master of Qu and Song Dynasties".

Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty even said, "Song Yu is bluer than Qu Yuan."

In the Ming Dynasty, Changdi wrote in Qu Yuan's Ancient Sound and Meaning: "Song Yuzhi's works are beautiful and new, sad and graceful, and the system is quite following his teacher, satirizing and supplementing his country, which is also bad for Qu Yuan."

Wang Fuzhi commented: "Therefore, the only person who inherits the Voice of San Lv is Yu" and so on.

In China's literary world, it has always been called Qu Song, and all the literary masters of past dynasties were impressed by Song Yu's personality and talent and regarded him as a model.