Landscape geomantic landscape

In the classical gardens of China, only through reasonable, appropriate and ingenious plant planting can the mountains, waters and buildings in the garden have charm. As the only living gardening element, plants themselves and the plant landscape they create are closely related to Feng Shui. For example, the Summer Palace (Qingyi Garden) also makes the garden unique in geomantic omen by improving various garden elements.

1. Geomantic Analysis of Garden Plants Based on Yin-Yang Theory "Yin-Yang" sprouted from the ancient ancestors' experience of observing astronomy and geography, and only appeared as the meaning of the sun's back, with the sun facing the sun as Yang and the sun facing the sun as Yin. Yin-Yang Dictionary records that "the scenery is just a hill, and its yin and yang are the same" in The Book of Songs Gong Liu, describes the witness position of Zhou people's defense and plans the camp. With the continuous improvement of people's understanding, the theory of yin and yang gradually evolved into a philosophical concept, which was first seen in the Book of Changes: "One yin and one yang is the way!" . Then "yin and yang are born together, and yin and yang are destroyed together." Wrong yin and yang will change, but flat yin and yang will not change. "These two sentences show that nature and human society are two opposing, contradictory and unified dynamic balance forces, including everything in the universe. Such as the sun and moon, day and night, light and shade, movement, inside and outside, men and women, rigidity and softness, delay and so on. The plant landscape in China classical gardens is not arranged at will, but embodies a harmonious beauty of balance between Yin and Yang everywhere. 1. 1, with clear plant direction and high height. In the south, see "Xiangzhai Jing": "Peach willow is planted in the east, gardenia elm is planted in the west, plum jujube is planted in the south, and apricot is planted in the north". There are also some sayings, such as "there are bamboos in the shade of pine trees, and the color is bright and easy to live in", "Flowers are planted in front of the white orchid house, and beautiful flowers are sent", "The pomegranate is as red as fire in the sun, and the plum in the shade is sour in the heart". Although these requirements seem to only conform to the theory of geomantic omen, they are actually scientific and completely conform to the ecological habits of planting plants. Garden plants, the sun tree is "Yang" and the shade tree is "Yin", so the shade tree is placed in the north, the sun tree is placed in the south or the shade tree is placed under the sun tree. This mutual collocation just reflects the law of "Yin and Yang are combined". Chen Congzhou's "Continued Garden" said: "Peony blossoms in the sun and must be planted in the south of the main hall. "A cheerful and open-minded place is sunny in the morning and sunset in the evening. It is appropriate to plant flowers and trees that like sunshine." Flower Mirror: "Pine and cypress have thin bones and are suitable for cliff peaks", which completely conforms to the habit of pine and cypress that they are drought-resistant and do not like humidity. Therefore, in classical gardens, peony stands in the sun, lined with aragonite; Wall shade plants such as Ligustrum lucidum, bamboo and other cold-resistant plants; Plant osmanthus flowers, camellias and the like in a cool place that can be slightly exposed to sunlight; Planting evergreen shade grass such as Ophiopogon japonicus in the gap under the steps; The low-lying pond is dotted with weeping willows and so on. 1.2, Balancing Mountains and Rivers Classical gardens in China have always been subtle in beauty, especially in Jiangnan, which usually occupies a small area. The space for the formation of plant landscape is a "yin-yang balance" world created by using plants themselves and combining other gardening elements. It includes a series of factors of unity of opposites, such as promoting the first with use, hiding without revealing, winning more with less, seeing the big with small, setting the false against the real, and combining static and dynamic. Through borrowing scenery, contrasting scenery, clicking scenery, supplementing scenery, blocking scenery and other means, we can increase the sense of spatial layering, create a large space from a small space, make indoor and outdoor communicate with each other, penetrate each other and complement each other, and create a kind of "harmony of yin and yang" beauty in the whole spatial layout. 1.2. 1, the geomantic theory of seasonal changes is the product of the combination of Yi-ology and environmental geography, and the idea of "endless changes" in the Book of Changes directly affects the plant landscape in Chinese classical garden design. In traditional garden design, you can enjoy magnolia, begonia and peach blossom in spring, lotus and plantain in summer, chrysanthemum, pomegranate and osmanthus in autumn and pine and plum blossom in winter. In terms of plant configuration, the scenery in spring and summer is required to be bright and clear, which shows that there are other seasonal changes in winter and summer. For example, in Humble Administrator's Garden, plum blossoms are in full bloom in Xueyunge in spring, begonia is in full bloom on the pier in spring, loquat trees in Jiashige in summer form countless golden pills, rice and flowers smell outside the wall of Xiangxiang Pavilion in autumn, and pine and bamboo in Song Fengshui in winter are not affected by the cold. 1.2.2, the striking scenery of the scenic spot is a change from the theory of geomantic omen. With less pen and ink, the small building built by the gardener can inject aura into the garden and suddenly empathize with people, thus forming a beautiful natural picture, in which poetry and songs are the crowning touch. For example, the Lotus Pavilion in the central scenic spot of Suzhou Garden Humble Administrator's Garden, where lotus leaves, weeping willows, Xu Lai breeze and lotus fragrance are all very appropriate; Lingering Garden "Wenmu Ku Xiangxuan" is located on a rockery, where osmanthus flowers are planted. Mid-Autumn Festival, Gui Xiang fell; Netscape Garden "sees pine reading painting pavilion", with distant mountains near water in the south and cypress and arhat pine planted in the tree altar, which has a strange posture; Lion Forest "light studio with dark fragrance", surrounded by plum blossoms, is a night garden to enjoy the moon and smell the fragrance. 1.2.3. Expand the space, use the combination of hiding and revealing, decorate the architectural background with the natural posture of plants, and achieve the natural interest of "the fence looms indoors". For example, the west wall of Loquat Garden in Humble Administrator's Garden, Canglang Pavilion creeps along the wall; Wood of the east wall of Master Wang's garden. In addition, a little terrain in front of the fence makes the plants scattered and the walls looming, forming a visual space extending far and near, which not only doubles the natural atmosphere, but also creates the illusion of depth of field and expands the sense of landscape space. For example, the north patio of Lingering Garden "Feng" in Suzhou Garden, with bamboo and stone as the corner, forms a picture through empty windows; In the corner of lotus root garden, a few lake stones sit on the bottom, with bamboo as the background, stalagmites in front and Podocarpus planted on the side, which is simple and clear; The north patio of Netscape Garden's "Dianchun Table" faces the leaky window and is painted with wintersweet and lake stones. Sitting indoors, you can enjoy the paintings in the north and the scenery in the south, looking ahead and looking back, looking for the source in the north and south. 1.2.4, which enriches the composition of S-shaped curves, just like the dividing line between Yin and Yang in Taiji. There is a concept of yin-yang balance in Feng Shui that "Qu Sheng Ji, Zhi Sheng Sha". However, there are many experiences in gardening theory, such as "the water must bend and the garden must be separated" and "it is appropriate to be partial and tactfully". "Bend" has always been the most important feature of classical gardens in China. In order to coordinate with the "qu" of natural scenery, gardeners often use "qu" instead of straight elements. For the plants in the garden, we advocate "letting nature take its course" and keep its original posture. Among the selection criteria of formal beauty, color, fragrance and taste, formal beauty is the most important, that is, the shape of crown, the density of branches and the shape of leaves all pursue the beautiful curve of nature. For example, on the lakeside of Yiyuan Lake, the trunk is bent and inclined to the water surface, showing a white pine tree facing the water; At the height of the rockery in the lovers' garden, the trunk bends upside down on the edge of the cliff, showing a cliff-like melon seed boxwood; In Master Wang's garden, the flower stand of "watching pines and reading paintings", with its trunk lying on the ground, is a black pine lying dry; The rockery in front of the Lion Forest "refers to Bai Xuan", with upside-down trunk and drooping branches. It is vigorous and simple, showing a bent cypress tree.

2. Geomantic Analysis of Five Elements in Garden Plant Landscape "Five Elements" was created by Yu Xia when he proclaimed himself emperor, as stated in the article "Geomantic Law of Xia Dynasty". With the increasing attention and popularity of people, Guo Yu pointed out: "Wang (the emperor of Zhou Dynasty) made everything with five elements of earth, gold, wood, water and fire!" . In the Book of Rites, four seasons, four directions, five tones, five flavors, five colors, five grains and five emperors are all represented by "five elements". Then a set of five-element philosophy was formed, that is, symbiosis: wood fire, fire earth, native gold, golden water and aquatic wood; Xiangke: Mutuke, Tukeshui, Shuihuoke, Huojinke, Jin Kemu. 2. 1. Interdependence between plants, between plants and people, and between plants and the environment is very common. Many folk sayings and poems use word-of-mouth articles to summarize the relationship between suitability and unsuitability of these elements. For example, there are elms behind the house, and ghosts don't enter; Datura blooms and snakes and scorpions disappear; Grapes planted by pine trees bear no fruit, but those planted by elms bear sour fruit; Not suitable for sleeping under the grape trellis, its gas field is not good for human body; Pine and cypress trees can secrete strong aromatic volatile substances and have strong sterilization and disinfection ability. According to relevant data, every hectare of pine or cypress can secrete 30 ~ 60 kilograms of fungicides one day and night. These fungicides can even kill bacteria and viruses floating in the air two kilometers away and protect people's health. However, it is not suitable to plant cypress trees next to pregnant women's houses, and its smell promotes vomiting. In addition, according to the five elements of plants, we not only pursue the beauty of the landscape, but also pay more attention to the functions of plants and create a good livable environment. For example, the five elements belong to fire and the five colors belong to red series plants, such as pomegranate, red maple, ivory red, red Melaleuca, red cinnamon and so on. , contribute to the regulation of the heart and nerves; Five elements of gold, five colors and white series plants, such as Melaleuca, eucalyptus citriodora, murraya, magnolia, white water lily, ice water flower, etc. , contribute to the regulation of the lungs; Plants with five elements belonging to wood and five colors belonging to green series, such as green peony, green rose, green tree, etc., are helpful for regulating liver; Plants with five elements belonging to soil and five colors belonging to yellow series, such as jasminum giraldii, Jingui, Jin Ju, Huang Zhonghua and yellow rose, are helpful to regulate the spleen and stomach. 2.2. In the geomantic theory of the color of flowers and trees, the five elements of "gold, wood, water, fire and earth" have developed a series of profound meanings: white symbolizes light, cleanliness and justice; Green symbolizes peace, auspiciousness and wishful thinking; Black symbolizes solemnity, solemnity, mystery and heaviness; Red symbolizes joy, enthusiasm and vitality; Yellow symbolizes wealth and dignity. For example, in ancient royal gardens, Magnolia, Begonia, Yingchun, Peony and Osmanthus fragrans almost constituted the main theme of plant landscape. Elegant peony is a symbol of the nobility and wealth of rulers, and its colors are often bright red and yellow. There is also a saying that "the right tree is red and seductive", which describes "peach blossoms" and should not be located on the right side of the pond, otherwise it is obscene; "White flowers on the right tree scatter children and grandchildren" is related to the custom of showing white flowers to mourn the dead, so the inference of "scattering children and grandchildren" is drawn.

3. Geomantic symbol analysis of garden plants. Symbols are formed here and meanings are expressed there. They use specific things or symbols to express specific meanings, which have established national characteristics. At the beginning of gardening, China classical gardens were regarded as the external embodiment of ideology by the garden owners or gardeners who were well versed in traditional cultural thoughts. They not only stay in the pleasure brought by the color, posture and smell of plants, but also pay more attention to the symbolic connotation of plant culture. Similarly, in the customs and cultures handed down from generation to generation, Feng Shui also makes full use of the unique symbolic significance of plants. 1,the homophonic meaning of auspicious plants and auspicious words. Such as orange (auspicious), hibiscus (hibiscus), laurel (laurel), jujube (jujube), tung (tung), beech (beech), locust (locust), bamboo (bamboo), lotus (lotus), lotus (lotus) and cypress (cypress). In addition, there are locust trees to represent "Lu", and later generations often plant locust trees in the courtyard; Since ancient times, "Ganoderma lucidum" has been regarded as an auspicious sign. In auspicious pictures, it can be seen that a deer or crane holds Ganoderma lucidum in its mouth and is often used as a birthday present. Plum blossoms are considered to have five auspicious gods because of their five petals, and there are often pictures of "Mei Kai Five Blessingg"; Sapindus mukoraiensis is revered and its fruit is commonly known as quotations. Buddhism calls it bodhi, which can be strung as a rosary, so it is "innocent"; Chinese rose is regarded as auspicious because it blooms all the year round, which means "peace in all seasons" and is called "evergreen in all seasons" together with Tianzhu. Pine and cypress are evergreen in four seasons and long in age, symbolizing longevity; Peony is regarded as a "rich flower", which is often matched with magnolia, begonia and osmanthus, meaning "happiness from now on". For example, Magnolia is planted in front of the Wanjuan Hall in Netscape Garden, osmanthus is planted in front of the women's hall, orchids are seen in spring, and laurel trees are enjoyed in autumn, which means auspiciousness and richness. In folklore, "Why worry about having no phoenix when you have a phoenix tree at home?" "Zhuangzi Autumn Water": "Fuwan bird flies from the South China Sea to the North Sea, but it is not only a phoenix tree, it does not eat and practice, and it does not drink." There are buttonwood trees that attract phoenix to inhabit. For example, the western wall of the East Garden of Ou Garden planted a phoenix tree, and the owner Shen Shi compared his wife to a phoenix and invited her to live in the East Garden and spend time with herself. 3.2. Character implication is given to different characters according to the symbolic meaning of plants. Such as pine, bamboo, plum and chrysanthemum, are called "four gentlemen" because of their Ao Shuang and noble morality; Among them, pine, bamboo and Li Yin are known as "three friends in cold years" for their cold tolerance. Yiyuan Garden worships Xuanshitang South Yard, where pine, cypress, holly, plum, tea and bamboo are planted everywhere. After winter, the four seasons are evergreen, characterized by pine, bamboo and plum, so it is also called "cold year cottage". Lan is endowed with noble character because of its king's fragrance; In addition, lilacs, laurels, smiles and jasmine are often compared to beauty because of their special fragrance. 3.3. Folk taboos At the same time, there are some taboos in the symbolic meaning of plants. Horticultural owners often avoid planting mulberry trees in front of the yard, which is called mulberry (mourning), which has an unclear meaning of "going out to see mulberry (mourning)"; Planting peaches in front of the door means Zhi Tao (fleeing), and "omen" means "wealth" and means "fleeing with wealth"; In ancient times, willows were often used as "mourning sticks" and "evoking souls", and planting willows at the back door meant "children and grandchildren are scattered"; Planting a neem tree is "the owner eats bitter fruit"; The main hospital planted a big tree, "the big tree leads to the entrance, and all diseases continue", commonly known as "the yang is blocked, the yin is rising, and the luck is bad"; Eucalyptus is considered an ominous tree. 4. To sum up, there are rich and scientific plant planting theories in Feng Shui, which have a profound impact on the landscape of garden plants. The correct and objective application of geomantic omen, combined with related disciplines, is of great guiding significance to the protection and restoration of plant landscape in classical gardens.