How high is the blood pressure value that will cause harm to the body?

Tell the story of hypertension, please take a detour if it's too long.

How high is the blood pressure value that will cause harm to the body?

The relationship between blood pressure and health risks has been well studied, and it is recognized that there is a continuous correlation between blood pressure and health risks, and there is no critical value of blood pressure with or without health hazards.

The standards of so-called normal blood pressure and so-called hypertension are only artificially defined values.

At present, the evidence shows that the risk of cardiovascular death decreases with the decrease of blood pressure, lasting at least 1 15/75 mm Hg.

That is to say, when the blood pressure is higher than 1 15/75 mm Hg, health hazards will begin to appear.

Therefore, 1 15/75 mm Hg is also considered as an ideal state of blood pressure in healthy people.

There is evidence that the health benefits of lowering blood pressure even last until 105/65 mmhg.

Historical anecdote of blood pressure gradually "descending stairs"

It is only a hundred years since human beings realized the harm of hypertension to health.

Insurance companies are pioneers in understanding hypertension.

Interestingly, it was not clinical medicine that first realized that it had a great impact on human health and well-being, but insurance companies.

This can be traced back to 1906, when several American insurance companies realized that blood pressure was potentially harmful to health and began to require policyholders to measure their blood pressure.

In 19 1 1, the medical director of northwest mutual life clearly pointed out: "blood pressure measurement is essential in life insurance physical examination, and all life insurance companies should take blood pressure measurement for those who apply cruelly."

From 1925 to 1979, the American Association of Actuaries published a series of reports, describing the population-based blood pressure distribution and the relationship between age-related hypertension and mortality.

Among them, there is no lack of consciousness that has an important influence on the understanding of hypertension.

1925 describes the fact that systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increase with age, and it is recognized that "above average" systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are related to higher mortality.

It also recorded an important misleading understanding: the increase of diastolic blood pressure is more critical to the prediction of mortality.

The report 1939 provides more information about the relationship between blood pressure and mortality. The most important thing is to correct the previous misconception that systolic blood pressure is a more important predictor of death than diastolic blood pressure.

1959 further clarified the clear relationship between mortality and hypertension.

1979 has drawn a series of important conclusions: 1) The mortality rate of men and women increases with the increase of blood pressure. 2) Overweight (35% to 45% higher than the average weight) will be normal blood pressure and borderline hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140? 159mmhg, diastolic pressure 90? 94 mm Hg. At that time, the standard of hypertension was 160/95 mm Hg), and the male mortality rate increased by 20% ~ 30%. The influence of overweight in women is less than that in men. 3) Regardless of treatment, the mortality rate of male coronary heart disease and cerebral hemorrhage is 50% higher than that of normal blood pressure. 4) In definite hypertensive patients (systolic blood pressure 160mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure 95mm Hg), the mortality of coronary heart disease and cerebral hemorrhage is more than 1 times higher than that of men with normal blood pressure, so treatment is not considered; The risk of hypertensive heart disease is increased by more than 4 times; The risk of end-stage renal disease has more than doubled. 5) If the blood pressure drops to the normal range during the insurance period, the mortality of coronary heart disease and stroke of the insured men and women is almost normal.

The embarrassment of medical knowledge about hypertension directly killed President Roosevelt.

Relatively speaking, the medical community's understanding of hypertension may be extremely embarrassing. For example, until 1940s, the mainstream medical circles in the United States still didn't realize the health hazards of hypertension.

This understanding even directly killed one of the greatest presidents in American history, Roosevelt 1 among the Big Three in World War II.

The other two giants, Stalin and Churchill, later died of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

The only American president, franklin roosevelt, who won the general election four times in a row and was re-elected four times, broke the convention that the term of office of the president should not exceed two times since the founding of the United States, but died on the eve of his overall victory in World War II:1April, 945 12, and only 73 days after taking office as the fourth president, he suddenly died at the age of 63.

Who killed Roosevelt? The direct cause is hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, and the indirect killer is the medical community's lack of correct understanding of the harm of hypertension.

On the contrary, he blamed his headache symptoms on sinus problems, so he hired an otolaryngologist McIntyre as his personal doctor at 1933.

From 1935 to 194 1 year, Roosevelt's blood pressure gradually increased from 136/78mmHg to 188/ 105mmHg.

His doctor MacIntyre insisted that the president was in good health and his blood pressure was not higher than normal.

By March 1944, when the Allied Normandy Landing Plan was in full swing, Roosevelt was hospitalized with symptoms such as labored dyspnea and abdominal distension. At this time, only one of the few cardiologists was hired to take charge of the president's treatment.

Further examination revealed that Roosevelt had mild cyanosis and his blood pressure was 186/ 108mmHg. The chest X-ray showed that the shadow of the heart was enlarged, and then Bruenn gave the diagnosis of "hypertension, hypertensive heart disease and heart failure".

However, due to the lack of effective treatment at that time, Dr. Bruenn only suggested taking digitalis as a cardiotonic and reducing salt intake.

These suggestions were not even accepted at first. The continuous deterioration of his condition prompted Roosevelt to finally take digitalis, and his condition was relieved. Two weeks later, the chest X-ray showed that the heart shadow was relieved.

However, the blood pressure was not controlled, but further increased to 240/1 30mmhg after1month. According to the current standards, there is a hypertensive crisis that needs to be sent to ICU immediately.

In February 1945, during the Yalta meeting, Churchill's doctors could even see Roosevelt's weakness at a glance and predicted that his life was coming to an end.

Sure enough, in the past two months, Roosevelt died of cerebral hemorrhage on April 1945.

At that time, the blood pressure was even as high as 300/ 190mmHg.

Study on cardiovascular diseases in Framingham era and post-Framingham era

The death of Roosevelt greatly promoted the study of cardiovascular diseases in the United States, which was mainly reflected in the epidemiological study of heart diseases carried out under the National Heart Act signed by Truman, Roosevelt's successor-this is the famous Framingham Heart Study-from which a lot of knowledge of cardiovascular diseases in modern medicine came.

The Framingham study of 1957 released the first research result, that is, blood pressure 160/95mmHg was defined as hypertension, and it was found that the incidence of coronary heart disease in hypertensive people increased nearly three times. A few years later, researchers found that stroke is also one of the main consequences of high blood pressure.

But at this time, the medical community still thinks that the upper limit of the allowable value of normal blood pressure is 100+ age (this understanding is even the mainstream of clinicians in China when doctors first entered the clinic). Today, many old doctors still hold this view. It is even considered that the acceptable upper limit of systolic blood pressure is 2 10mmHg, and the upper limit of diastolic blood pressure is 120mmHg.

197 1 year, Framingham research released another research result. By analyzing the follow-up data of 14, the researchers found that the increase of baseline blood pressure increased the death risk of coronary heart disease, and systolic blood pressure was more closely related to coronary heart disease than diastolic blood pressure.

Two other studies by Framingham show that the increase of systolic blood pressure is a predictor of heart failure and stroke, while the increase of diastolic blood pressure is not significant.

Subsequently, many countries around the world carried out more cardiovascular research, ending Framingham's research monopoly in this field.

The understanding of the impact of hypertension on health is gradually deepening, and the standard of hypertension is gradually adjusted downward with the passage of time.

The most important one is 1993, including 350,000 people who participated in the intervention test of various risk factors, which confirmed the continuous and graded influence of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure on the mortality of coronary heart disease and end-stage renal disease until the systolic blood pressure reached 120mmHg.

As mentioned above, the further expansion of 1 15/75mmHg comes from the meta-analysis of 6 1 prospective studies including110,000 adults in 2002.

In practice, interventions including stricter blood pressure control have also greatly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death.

One of the most prominent typical events is a study of 1972 in Finland.

We all know that Finland is one of the longest-lived countries in the world, but what many people don't know is that this longevity does not happen naturally, but is the result of active and effective medical intervention.

From 65438 to 0972, a comprehensive cardiovascular disease prevention and intervention project was carried out in a community in northern Karelia, Finland. At that time, the mortality rate of heart disease in Finland was extremely high. The main interventions include controlling blood pressure, reducing smoking and eating healthily. During the five years after the intervention, many positive changes were observed. Therefore, the government took the initiative and decided to expand the intervention measures to the whole country. Today, decades later, the annual mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in Finland has dropped by more than 85% compared with the level of 1977.

Every time the blood pressure goes down the stairs, it is always accompanied by quarrels and disputes.

And every time you adjust, in a short time, you will meet many self-righteous and talented medical scientists who make irresponsible remarks.

For example, the promulgation of the 20 17 new American hypertension standard has caused great controversy. For example, the newly revised standards in China and Europe are out of sync with those in the United States.

This situation is also very common in previous adjustments.

For example, in 2003,120 ~130/80 ~ 85 mmhg was defined as "prehypertension", which caused exclamations such as "120/80mmHg with abnormal blood pressure" and feelings about how many people were defined as "prehypertension".

And tens of thousands of people are defined as "prehypertension".

These comments are similar to the comments that the United States "defined" tens of thousands of people as new hypertensive patients in 20 17.

What the Lord wants to say is

Here, the Lord wants to tell you:

As long as there are no obvious symptoms and discomfort, blood pressure is still low.

For example, even if the factory approved load of a new car is 500,000 tons, if it is only 300,000 tons/day, its service life will be longer than 1 10,000 tons/day.

The reason is that simple.

Friends often ask this question, how high is blood pressure harmful to the body? How long does hypertension last, can it harm the body? In fact, it is not particularly significant to consider the level of blood pressure or the duration of suffering from hypertension. The control of hypertension is a process of comprehensive conditioning in all aspects of the system. The ultimate goal is to deal with the problem of blood pressure, from life conditioning to rational drug use, to control the problem of blood pressure and reduce the health hazards of target organs such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Hypertension will do harm to health, but how much harm is it if blood pressure is high? Generally speaking, our diagnostic value of hypertension, that is to say, blood pressure exceeds the level of 140/90, belongs to the case of confirmed hypertension. If our blood pressure is higher than this level for a long time, if it is not controlled, it will gradually do harm to our health.

However, it should be noted that the harm of hypertension to health is not transient or one-off. For example, how high blood pressure will lead to myocardial infarction and how high blood pressure will lead to cerebral hemorrhage. That's not the case at all. Although the higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk of injury to body shape and related acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular problems, but it is of little value. No matter how high it is, the human body will immediately have immediate health hazards. More often, without feeling, high blood pressure will slowly affect our cardiovascular health, eventually leading to gradual hardening of arteries and harm to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular organs. This is why we call hypertension "the silent killer".

If hypertension is not controlled, it will first affect the health problems of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Long-term high blood pressure will affect blood vessel elasticity and accelerate blood vessel sclerosis. At the same time, hypertension will also have a negative impact on heart health, because hypertension will lead to changes in heart structure and function; For friends with severe cerebral arteriosclerosis, if hypertension is not controlled, the risk of hemorrhagic stroke will further increase; In addition to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health hazards, long-term uncontrolled hypertension will adversely affect the formation of renal arterioles, gradually affect renal function, gradually develop hypertensive nephropathy, and eventually even lead to renal failure; In addition, hypertension may also lead to an increase in intraocular blood vessel pressure, leading to the risk of fundus hemorrhage.

In a word, hypertension does harm to the body in many ways, but it also happens gradually, not because the blood pressure is so high that it can be achieved overnight, but the probability and time of target organ damage and cardiovascular health problems are different because of different personal constitutions, but it is certain that the most reliable way to reduce the health harm of hypertension is to find the problem of elevated blood pressure, actively control and deal with it, and keep the blood pressure stable and up to standard.

In the early stage of hypertension, most of the time, you just don't control your blood pressure. Because your body has gradually suffered the rise of blood pressure, you often don't feel it. Even when your blood pressure exceeds 160/ 100, many friends don't feel it. But don't control your blood pressure just because you don't feel it. The sooner you control your blood pressure, the better.

Compared with the emphasis on strengthening blood pressure control after blood pressure exceeds 140/90, pharmacist Li prefers to emphasize that when our blood pressure is on the rise, for example, when the blood pressure level exceeds 130/85, we should pay attention to it and take it seriously actively! Although you don't have to take medicine, you can make targeted improvements and adjustments in your life, such as paying attention to controlling salt in your diet, controlling your weight, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and strengthening physical exercise, such as trying to keep yourself calm and optimistic. These aspects are all important aspects of regulating your blood pressure, and have a very good conditioning effect on normal blood pressure, hypertension and early hypertension.

If we can actively pay attention to the rising trend of blood pressure, we should actively control and regulate blood pressure from the time when hypertension has not been diagnosed. If hypertension is really diagnosed, with the cooperation of active life intervention and rational drug use, blood pressure can be controlled smoothly, the probability of blood pressure soaring is not great, and the harm caused by hypertension to the body will be greatly reduced.

Normal blood pressure should be 100- 120/60-80mmhg. The former100-120 refers to systolic blood pressure (high pressure) and the latter 60-80 refers to diastolic blood pressure (low pressure), which means that if you measure a blood pressure, If it exceeds this range, it means that blood pressure is abnormal.

Let's start with systolic blood pressure. If the systolic blood pressure exceeds 65,438+0.20 mmHg, for example, it exceeds 65,438+0.40 mmHg, we will say that the patient is hypertensive (the diagnosis of hypertension requires repeated measurements, not just a blood pressure value). If the systolic blood pressure is between 1.20- 1.40 mmHg, we will say that this is borderline hypertension.

Systolic blood pressure 140- 160mmHg, systolic blood pressure 1, systolic blood pressure 160- 180mmHg, and systolic blood pressure 180mmHg is above 3. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the harm to the human body. Theoretically, hypertension is diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure exceeds 140mmHg, which means that this hypertension will be harmful to human body, and it can be diagnosed when the diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90mmHg, so it will be harmful to human body when the diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90mmHg.

But the harm caused by this kind of hypertension is chronic. For example, if you have high blood pressure for several years, then such high blood pressure may affect our heart, kidneys, retina, brain and other organs. Chronic effects develop slowly, such as hypertensive nephropathy, which may be a little proteinuria at first, and serum creatinine may increase in the later stage, and then it will be manifested as inability to pull out urine, less urine, and eventually renal failure, which requires long-term hemodialysis, otherwise the waste in the body will not be discharged, which will damage health. In addition, the influence of hypertension on cerebral arteries will lead to cerebral arteriosclerosis and cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, but this kind of ischemia and hypoxia is generally not very serious, because the development is slow, patients will have dizziness, headache and other discomfort. The chronic effect of hypertension on the heart will lead to left ventricular hypertrophy, eventually cardiac insufficiency, and then heart failure. How high is blood pressure to have such an effect? It is generally believed that systolic blood pressure exceeds 1.40 mmHg, and the higher the blood pressure, the greater the impact. Therefore, our antihypertensive goal for hypertensive patients is to reduce the systolic blood pressure to below 1.40 mmHg, while some patients (such as diabetic patients) have higher requirements, and the systolic blood pressure of diabetic patients should be below 1.30 mmHg, because research shows that lowering blood pressure will bring better results.

These are the chronic effects of chronic hypertension on various organs of patients.

Acute hypertension rises sharply, for example, to 200/ 100mmHg. Such high blood pressure may have an acute impact on patients, such as cerebral hemorrhage or acute left heart failure. You will find that many patients with cerebral hemorrhage have high blood pressure during cerebral hemorrhage. You will see when watching TV that an old man suddenly fell into a coma because of impatience. At this time, the elderly may cause cerebral hemorrhage due to high blood pressure. Two days ago, we treated a patient with cerebral hemorrhage because his blood pressure soared to 2 10/ 120 mmhg in anger. At that time, he fell to the ground and was in a coma. He was taken to the hospital for examination. It was a cerebral hemorrhage.

In addition, the sharp rise of blood pressure will also lead to acute left heart failure. For example, a patient with hypertension 10 years, already has cardiac insufficiency. This time, because the blood pressure has risen to 200/ 1 10mmHg, it is difficult for the heart to pump blood out because of such high blood pressure, so the heart has failed, and there are obvious breathing difficulties and sweating. This is acute left heart failure.

Therefore, patients with hypertension, as long as they are diagnosed with hypertension, may cause harm to the human body. Blood pressure should be controlled by drugs, diet, exercise and other methods to avoid complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction and renal failure to the greatest extent. Insisting on taking medicine instead of intermittent and intermittent use of antihypertensive drugs is a prelude to cerebral hemorrhage in many patients.

The human body is the most complicated instrument in the world. The theoretical life of this instrument is 130- 150 years. In other words, in an ideal state, people can live 130- 150 years.

In this ideal state, including blood pressure level of 120/70mmHg.

Note that the blood pressure level here refers to the average value, and the ideal blood pressure fluctuation level should be between110-130/65-75 mmhg.

When the average blood pressure exceeds 130/75mmHg, the harm has already occurred silently.

This is why the lower diagnostic limit of hypertension in the latest guidelines is adjusted to systolic blood pressure greater than 1.30 mmHg.

We can see that the risk of blood pressure increases with the increase of blood pressure level.

What needs to be pointed out here is that the harm of hypertension mainly focuses on arteriosclerosis and vascular endothelial damage of large and small arteries. The second is the harm to the heart structure.

If the blood pressure is above the ideal range, there may be no symptoms. Some patients have no symptoms when their systolic blood pressure reaches 180mmHg. Symptoms and hazards are two different things, so we must distinguish them clearly.

Welcome to pay attention, there are different medical views here.

How high is blood pressure harmful to the body? This question is realistic, but it is not easy to answer. Why do you say that? Because strictly speaking, how much harm high blood pressure will cause to the body depends on everyone's specific situation and concrete analysis. Now, dr. zhang will explain to you why.

For example, for some people with congenital hypotension, it shows that there are many people with congenital hypotension in life, and some people even have blood pressure around 90/60mmHg. For these people, even if their blood pressure rises to 130/80mmHg, they will feel uncomfortable and harmful to their health. There are still some people in society whose blood pressure is around 130/80mmHg. These people can never be said to be exactly the same as those with low blood pressure, nor can they be given the same value. Tell them that blood pressure reaching this value is dangerous to their health, because their constitutions are different.

In fact, the diagnostic standard of hypertension has always been 140/90mmHg, and if it exceeds this value, it can be diagnosed as hypertension. But clinically, everyone's specific physique is different, and it really can't be across the board. If you follow the textbook, blood pressure exceeding 140/90mmHg will be harmful to your health. But for some people who usually have low blood pressure, it depends on their own situation. If the blood pressure rises significantly (above 20%), even if it is lower than 140/90mmHg, attention should be paid to it.

Professional doctors will answer your questions.

Blood pressure is the pressure produced by blood flowing in blood vessels. There is a saying: "The age of blood vessels is your life span", so the level of blood pressure has a very important impact on the health of blood vessels, just as all long-lived elderly people have a common feature, that is, they have a peaceful mentality and a happy mood all their lives. Stable blood pressure is the guarantee of maintaining vascular health.

Studies at home and abroad show that the most favorable blood pressure for vascular health is 120/80mmHg. If it exceeds this ideal value, blood pressure will cause slight damage to blood vessels, which seems insignificant, but the long-term accumulated damage cannot be underestimated. The existence of these micro-injuries increases the flow resistance of macromolecular fats in blood, slows down their flow speed, and makes them easier to deposit in micro-injuries.

The deposited fat will cause the inflammatory reaction of blood vessels and eventually change the normal structure of blood vessels, which is the mechanism of arteriosclerosis. If this situation is serious, there will be further "atheromatous changes" on the basis of atherosclerosis, that is, pathological atherosclerosis and plaque, which will cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is the first cause of death of mankind at present.

Experts have made in-depth research on the influence of blood pressure on blood vessels, and found that slight damage will occur when the blood pressure is greater than 120/80mmHg, and it will enter a period of rapid rise when it exceeds 125/80mmHg, especially when the blood pressure is greater than 130/80mmHg, which will not only aggravate the damage to blood vessels, but also in the following/kloc.

In the past, blood pressure was low, such as 90/60mmHg in some people, but in recent years, blood pressure has increased year by year. Even if the ideal blood pressure level 120/80mmHg is reached, it means that blood pressure is rising. If the increase is higher than this, these people may have dizziness, headache, fatigue and other symptoms even if they can't reach the diagnostic standard of hypertension 140/90mmHg.

Therefore, when you find that your blood pressure is rising year by year, especially in recent years, you must not take it lightly. First, you should check whether there is anything wrong with your lifestyle and actively adjust and change it. You know, lifestyle intervention is also a kind of treatment. It is very important to slow down the rate of blood pressure rise as much as possible, and you should seek the help of a doctor if necessary.

Objectively speaking, this question cannot give you a clear threshold in one sentence. One thing is certain: high blood pressure is harmful to your health. Let's use objective data to illustrate:

l？ We know that hypertension is related to stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure, so we should pay attention to it. Some survey data at home and abroad show that:

1)? After 1 20-139/80-89 mmhg, the cardiovascular risk of people with blood pressure level of 10 is more than1times higher than that of people with blood pressure level of10/75 mmhg.

2)? After120-129/80-84 mmhg and130-139/85-89 mmhg, 45% and 64% of middle-aged people became hypertensive patients respectively.

3)? The range of blood pressure is 1 15/75mmHg to185/15mmhg, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are caused by an increase of 20 mmHg in SBP or 10mmHg in DBP.

Therefore, according to the relationship between blood pressure level and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular time, a boundary is defined, and the clinical blood pressure, SBP 140 mmHg and/or DBP 90 mmHg, is measured three times on different days, reaching the diagnostic standard of hypertension.

l？ What harm does hypertension have to the body?

1)? Affect the heart, the heart will increase; Vascular injury, atherosclerotic plaque; Kidney damage, a small amount of proteinuria.

2)? With the progress of the disease, it leads to stroke (cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction), myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart beating (atrial fibrillation), continuous decline of renal function, eye injury and retinopathy.

l？ To what extent does hypertension begin to be treated?

1)? Generally speaking, patients whose blood pressure still exceeds 140/90mmHg and/or the target level should start medication on the basis of improving their lifestyle.

2)? If your blood pressure keeps at 140/90mmHg, I suggest you go to a hospital for treatment. The doctor will decide whether you should take lifestyle intervention or medication first according to your blood pressure level and whether you are complicated with cardiovascular risk factors or other diseases.

What harm hypertension will do to human body mainly depends on the specific level of blood pressure, age, specific target organ damage and other comprehensive factors.

First of all, blood pressure refers to the pressure of blood in human blood vessels on the blood vessel wall, which is a physiological phenomenon to ensure the normal perfusion of various organs. Only by ensuring a certain blood pressure value, the organs will not be ischemic and hypoxic. However, this blood pressure value must be kept within a certain range, and it may have adverse effects on the human body if it exceeds a certain value. The ideal blood pressure for adults is systolic blood pressure.