How to drive a front-wheel drive automatic car on icy roads?

A must-read for snow driving tips on snow driving! It's snowing heavily again, so we still have to drive. Seeing that many netizens have lost their jobs in the snow, I really can’t bear to read any more. . .

Sorry, for the sake of practicality, there are not many noun explanations in this article. MMs, please let GGs read it.

First of all, the road surface is divided into two types: "ice" and "snow". The treatment methods on these two types of surfaces are different (very different).

In addition, vehicles are divided into front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, and four-wheel drive (of course, if you drive a large truck, there are also eight-wheel drive, please refer to the Complete Guide to Spider Travel in Snow). It should be said that four-wheel drive vehicles are the best in snowy conditions (in the event of an emergency, the chance of recovery is greater), followed by front-wheel drive vehicles, and rear-wheel drive vehicles are the most worrying.

Okay, let’s get down to business, what do you need to know about driving in snow?

First, preparation activities should be done after it snows and before an emergency occurs.

1. Slow. It’s not nonsense, some people really don’t know to drive slower in snowy weather. Why slow? Because your braking distance becomes longer. Frictional resistance decreases, mass and speed remain unchanged, and distance increases of course. Ask your middle school physics teacher. Don’t ask me. I didn’t invent the formula.

2. Experience the grip. How to experience it? Apply the brakes gently, remembering to be very, very gentle, otherwise you will create an emergency instead of saving it. Gently and slowly increase brake pressure. When you notice that the car is slowing down when it stops (if your car has ABS, you will feel the brake pedal vibrating desperately, accompanied by a loud clicking sound), immediately release the brakes. If there is no result in the first try (for example, the car behind you is "diding"), just drive normally for a while, close your eyes and pray attentively, "Holy saints on all sides, protect me from slipping." Wait until no one is around to continue the test. Pay attention to the fact that there must be enough space in the front, rear, left and right when testing the grip, otherwise something will happen. Do it a few times, and you will become more proficient and find grip within one or two times. If you only apply the brake lightly and the car skids, it means the road surface is slippery enough, and it is best to buy insurance as soon as possible.

Second, start

"It doesn't matter if it slips at the start, it will stop anyway." Is this correct? No, because once it slips, the car may not be parked. For example, when going uphill, you may be going backwards.

The most important way to prevent slippage at the start is to "slowly" - why slow down when you are stopped? It's not that the car is slow, it's that the gas is slow. Why did it slip at the start? Because the wheel torque output is too large, it exceeds the friction between the wheel and the ground. Once you start to slip, 80% of the time you won't know which direction you will move. The most common way to prevent slipping at the start is to start in a high gear.

Many automatic transmission cars produced in Europe have a "snowflake" gear (or button). In fact, its working mechanism is to use a larger accelerator to start in 2nd or 3rd gear. Manual transmission can be implemented as a reference.

1) For manual transmission, shift to 2nd or 3rd gear (sorry, each car’s gearbox is different and cannot be generalized, but most manual 2nd gear is fine). Keep the engine at 2000 rpm and then slowly lift the engine. Clutch.

2) What about an automatic car without a "snow" gear? I can only refuel lightly. The problem with lightly refueling is that the car may roll back if you're going uphill.

At this time, if it is a rear-wheel drive car, you need to use some brutal tricks - pull the handbrake to start, put the gear in "D", don't use gas, pull the handbrake, gradually relax the handbrake, and stop it just before slipping away. When the car is still moving, slowly and gently increase the accelerator, and release the handbrake after the car starts (10 km/h).

What if it is a precursor? I have no choice but to look down at the remedies.

3) Remedy - Slowly. When most people find that the car is not moving, they will subconsciously refuel. This is a big mistake. When the car is slipping and not moving forward, the more you pump the gas, the greater the torque output and the more it slips. If your car is skidding, you need to slowly reduce the throttle - don't pull away suddenly or the car may slide in unknown directions. Reduce the speed until the car moves forward, or the wheels rotate slowly enough, and start again. If it is an automatic transmission, front-wheel drive, and the car slides backward when going uphill, you must find out whether the wheels are spinning in reverse because the torque output is insufficient, or the wheels are slipping due to too much torque output. If it does not reach it, treat it as slipping.

Reverse: gently and slowly increase the accelerator until the car moves forward; skid: gently and slowly reduce the accelerator until the car moves forward or stops.

4) For a four-wheel drive vehicle, if the four-wheel drive vehicle is still slipping (assuming you did not press the accelerator to the bottom), keep the accelerator at a relatively shallow position and adjust it slightly up and down. Try decreasing it a little or increasing it a little. , until moving forward.

3. Skidding and spinning. The most exciting thing is that the car does not follow the direction of the wheels. Like Avanti's little donkey. What to do at this time?

1) Snow: The characteristic of snow is that the grip is present, but small. When your wheels turn, they don't completely slip, they still move in the direction of the wheels, but the car doesn't exactly move in the direction of the wheels either. The most obvious one is excessive speed (completely unworthy of sympathy). If it is a front-wheel drive vehicle, you should adjust the direction - aim at the front of the road - and refuel. The most difficult thing is to aim forward. The general driving habit is: if it tilts to the left, turn to the right and hit the head - isn't the one who comes back the fastest? Yes, it's just too fast and it will be overdone, especially when you're slipping. Refueling is another problem. The general habit is to stop when the car becomes disobedient. In fact, that's not true. The driving force of a front-wheel drive car is on the front wheels. When it is semi-skidding, you need more steering force to pull the car back, so you have to refuel.

What about rear-wheel drive cars? You need to stop the oil, yes, but remember to stop the oil instead of braking (unless the brakes are very light - the wheels will not lock). Why? Because the power output of a rear-wheel drive vehicle is at the back, if you brake, because the rear wheels still have power but the front wheels do not, the front wheels will lock up first and you will lose your steering ability. Even ABS isn't of much use.

What about four-wheel drive vehicles? Pray, the four-wheel drive is still slipping - either it cannot engage four-wheel drive (a 4X4 car, but it only uses two-wheel drive and will not switch to four-wheel drive), or the vehicle is going too fast. Keep the throttle steady, don't release it too much, and slowly reduce the throttle.

2) Ice: The grip is basically zero. The car basically does not move in the direction of the wheels. At this time, the braking effect is approximately zero, because the sliding friction is almost zero. If you increase the accelerator, the car will only slide more severely. At this time, if you want to exit the skid, you need to downshift. What a downshift does is force the wheels to spin at a lower speed, rather than stopping them from spinning. When you apply the brakes, the wheel does not want to rotate, but is dragged by the friction of the ground. Now there is no friction on the ground, but there is still between the brake caliper and the wheel. What is the result? Of course the wheel stopped spinning. If the wheels stop turning, the car won't move in the direction of the front wheels. So the key is to find ways to make the wheels spin slowly, rather than not. So downshift. For front-wheel drive cars, you can brake a little bit, but for rear-wheel drive cars, basically don't brake (otherwise the front wheels will easily lock up).

Four. Nonsense

Driving in snow cannot be done by reading one or two articles. For example, the judgment of grip requires experience. When skidding, aiming the front wheel in the forward direction is not easy to do. But some of the lesser-known basic principles are here.

Finally, two pieces of advice: First, drive slowly in snowy weather. As the saying goes, haste makes waste, and arriving late is better than never.

Second, the methods mentioned in this article are highly technical driving skills. If used without professional training, it may cause serious consequences. If you don't have the necessary skills, don't experiment with any of the methods described in this article.