Some information about the ancients

Confucius (55 1-479) was born in Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Period. I have been a commissioner, a farmer, etc. Later, private schools were set up to recruit disciples, publicize Confucianism and teach many talented students. At the age of 50, Duke Lu was qualified as a shepherd. Later, he traveled around Song, Wei, Chen, Cai, Qi, Chu and other countries to lobby governors, but he was not appointed. In philosophy and politics, a set of ideological system with "benevolence" as the core has been established. Since the Han Dynasty, his theory has become the orthodoxy of feudal culture for more than 2,000 years, and Confucius has been honored as a saint by feudal rulers in past dynasties, which has far-reaching influence. His main thoughts and remarks are recorded in The Analects of Confucius.

Mencius (about 372 ~ 289 BC) was a great thinker and one of the main representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period. Mingke was born in Zou (now Zou County, Shandong Province). Born in the fourth year of the reign of Zhou, he died in the twenty-sixth year. According to legend, Mencius is a descendant of Lu nobles. He lost his father when he was a child, and his family was poor. He was a student of Zisi. After finishing his studies, he lobbied the governors as scholars in an attempt to promote his own political views, and successively went to Liang (Wei), Qi, Song, Teng and Lu. At that time, several great powers devoted themselves to strengthening this rich country and striving for reunification through violent means. Mencius' theory of benevolent governance is considered to be "circuitous and broader than things" and has no chance to be implemented. Finally, he retired to give lectures, and together with his students, he "wrote a poem as a preface, wrote a book, expounded Zhong Ni's meaning, and wrote seven pieces of Mencius".

Cao Cao (155—220) was born in Mengde, Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). Politicians, militarists and poets in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the process of suppressing the yellow turban insurrectionary, we gradually strengthened our military strength. In the first year of Jian 'an (196), he met Xuchang, the imperial capital, and gave orders in his name, successively pacifying the separatist forces such as Lu Bu. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Yuan Shao was defeated in Guandu and gradually unified the north. In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), Wu Huan's eastward expedition was also a great victory. The following year, he led the army south and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. Wang Wei was later blocked. Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and respected him as Emperor Wu. Good poems, such as Walking Out of Xiamen and Walking in Haoli, express their political ambitions with the theme of the old Yuefu, which are magnificent, generous and sad, and also reflect the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty. His posthumous works include The Collection of Wei Wudi, which has been lost and compiled by the Ming Dynasty. Today, people have sorted out the typesetting of Cao Cao Ji.

Tao Yuanming (365-427) was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), with a clear or hidden word. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was also the most outstanding writer in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. There is Tao Yuanming's collection. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was a great star in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He put Qiang Bing in charge of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, served as the military commander of eight states, and made Changsha a county magistrate, which made him famous for a while. Posthumously presented to Fu. Grandfather Tao Maoguan is a prefect and father is an official. As the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Dao family was not as noble as the famous family in the south, but also a big family in Xunyang. It's just that Tao Yuanming's family came down because his father died when he was young. At the age of 29, he became an official, offered drinks in Jiangzhou, and soon retired. Later, he served as a junior official in Zhenjun, Jianwei and other places, and lived a life of anonymity.

Li Bai (70 1 year -762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. Li Bai is a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the most famous poets in China, and he is known as the "Poet Fairy". Li Bai and Du Fu are called "Du Li".

Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Grandfather Du was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. In his youth, he traveled to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong, met Li Bai twice and forged a profound friendship. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong (770), the poet died in a boat on the Xiangjiang River.

The word Lotte,no. Xiangshan laity, was originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. When I arrived at my great-grandfather, I moved to Shimonoseki (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi). Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongxian county and a good friend of Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772). Wuzong Huichang died in Luoyang [Henan] in August (846) at the age of 75. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.

Su Shi (1037 ~11), a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), was named "Dongpo Jushi", and in the Southern Song Dynasty, he gave Taizong the title of "Wen Zhong" to chase posthumous title. He is Han nationality, his father. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was ordered to appoint Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) as an assistant and set up this state. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Before the end of his term of office, in addition to his daily life, he moved to the Sheren of Zhongshu, moved to the Hanlin bachelor's office, and learned about the imperial edict and the tribute of the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhe ruled the country and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. The representative of the wild school. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. He is also one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically belonging to the old party.

Xin Qiji (1140-1207) was a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word You 'an is Jia Xuan.

In the 31st year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), he joined the uprising army led by Geng Jing and served as the secretary in charge. The next year, he was ordered by Geng Jing to go to Jiankang to contact the Southern Song regime. On his way back to the north, he heard that the traitor Zhang Anguo killed Geng Jing and paid the gold, so he led fifty riders into Jinying, captured Zhang Anguo alive and led the people to the Song Dynasty. After Du Nan, he successively served as a judge of Jiankang Prefecture, a prisoner in Jiangxi Province, a transshipment ambassador in Hubei Province, and an ambassador in Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian. He went into exile many times and tried to make plans for the Northern Expedition. He resigned twice because of disagreement with the peace faction, and lived in Shangrao and Qianshan for nearly 20 years. In the fourth year of Jiatai reign (1204), Hanyou Prefecture was preparing for the Northern Expedition. He used to be the magistrate of Zhenjiang, but was soon dismissed and died of anxiety.

Li Qingzhao (A.D.1084-1151? ), Hao Yi, a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan, was an outstanding poetess in the Song Dynasty.

Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family. His father, Li, is proficient in classics and history and is good at prose. His mother Wang can also write. Influenced by her family, she was gifted at an early age. Li Qingzhao is well versed in poetry, prose, calligraphy, painting and music, with ci as the highest achievement.

Ma Zhiyuan was born in 1250 and died in 132 1. He was a famous playwright in Yuan Dynasty. Most (now Beijing) people. Ma Zhiyuan's name is ominous. The name "Dongli" was later used to show Tao Yuanming's ambition. His age is later than that of Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu, and his date of birth should be before Zhiyuan (starting from 1264), and his date of death should be between the reform of Zhi Zhi and the first year of Taiding (132 1- 1324). He used to be a provincial official in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

There are sixteen kinds of Ma Zhiyuan's zaju, among which there are seven existing ones: Tears of Sima Qing in Jiangzhou, Lonely Goose in Autumn in the Han Palace, Three Drunken Yueyang Tower in Lv Dongbin, Thunder at Midnight, Ma Danyang Being a Wind Son Three Times, Opening an Altar to Teach Yellow, and Sleeping in Chen Tuan on the West Huashan Mountain. Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu works are also famous. A volume of Dongli Yuefu, revenue 104, 17 episodes. The content of his zaju is mainly deified Taoist priests, and all his plays involve stories of Quanzhen religion. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Jia said in his poem: "Fairy horses are among the flowers, and immortals are far away", and "the name is fragrant all over the pear garden".

Lu Xun (188 1 ~ 1936) is a writer, thinker and revolutionary in China, and the founder of modern literature in China. Originally known as Zhou Zhangshou, it was later renamed. People from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. 193610 June19, this great cultural giant died in Shanghai due to overwork. He wrote many novels such as Kong Yiji, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q and a large number of essays, essays and comments, and became the pioneer of the May 4th Movement and the founder of modern literature in China.

Guo Moruo, (1892 ~ 1978) is a modern and contemporary poet, playwright, historian and ancient philologist. Formerly known as Kaizhen, his pen names are Guo,, Macon, etc. People from Leshan, Sichuan. During my primary and secondary school years, I extensively read Chinese and foreign literary works and participated in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement. Catalogue of works

Goddess (poetry anthology) 192 1, Three Leaves in Taitung (prose anthology) co-authored with Zong Baihua and Tian Han, 1920, Yadong Xingkong (poetry anthology) 1923, Nieying in Taitung (script).

Lao She is a modern novelist and playwright in China. Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, his pen names are She Yu and Lao She.

1July, 926, Lao She's first novel, Lao Zhang's Philosophy, was serialized in Volume 17, Issue 7 of Novel Monthly, with the signature "Shu Qingchun". But from the eighth serial, the signature was changed to "Lao She", and Naichi's novels were all finished.

The main works of his life are: the novel Camel Xiangzi and Four Generations of a Family; Dramas such as Longxugou and Teahouse. Most of the works are based on the life of the lower class citizens in the city. They are good at using accurate and fluent spoken English in Beijing, with humorous writing and humorous language.

Unfortunately, Mr Lao She, unable to bear the humiliation of the Cultural Revolution, threw himself into the lake on August 24th, 1966/kloc-0, and China's literary superstar fell.

Bing Xin (1900101October 5th-), formerly known as Xie Wanying. Originally from Changle, Fujian, he was born in Fuzhou. I spent my childhood in Yantai, Shandong. 19 13 The whole family moved to Beijing. When the May 4th Movement broke out, she was greatly influenced. Since September of 19 19, she has written many problem novels under the pseudonym of Bing Xin, such as Two Families, You Are Alone and Helpless and Poor, Autumn Rain, Killing People, Going to the Countryside, etc. It has aroused strong repercussions in society. 192 1, join the literature research society. At this time, his works mostly describe the "philosophy of love" around maternal love, childlike innocence and natural beauty, including superman and boredom. From 65438 to 0920, influenced by Tagore's Birds, he wrote short poems.

The collection of Stars and Springs has attracted the attention of literary circles. 1923 went to the graduate school of Wellesley Women's University in the United States in August, and was hospitalized for seven months due to illness. The representative works of this period are Wu and To Young Readers. 1926, returned to China with a master's degree in literature, and taught in yenching university, Tsinghua University and Beiping Women's College of Arts and Sciences successively. The novels Fen in 193 1 and Girl in 1934 both show the deepening and breakthrough of the "philosophy of love". From 65438 to 0946, she went to Japan with her husband Wu Wenzao and was invited to teach at the University of Tokyo. L 9565438 Return to China in autumn +0. After liberation, he published essays, novels, poems and songs, such as "Little Orange Lantern", "Ode to Cherry Blossoms" and "Send to Young Readers". 1954, was elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress and served as the chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

Vice chairman. He is now a member of the Fifth Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. Besides writing, Bing Xin has also translated some foreign literary works.

I can't write it. There are too many people.