Who can explain in detail the historical cost, replacement cost, net realizable value, fair value and present value of accounting measurement attributes? Give an example of each.

For example, buying a car costs 6,543,800 yuan. Although the function of the car has been sold to 60,000 yuan over time, the historical cost of the car is still 654.38+10,000 yuan, that is, the cost required to purchase the car.

2. Example of replacement cost

For example, a friend gives an Apple mobile phone. The previous purchase price of this Apple mobile phone was 5000 yuan, but because of the passage of time, it only needs 3000 yuan to buy another mobile phone of the same brand in the market, so 3000 yuan is the replacement cost price of this Apple mobile phone.

3. Examples of net realizable value

For example, the cost price of a handmade product is 2000 yuan, the sales expenses need 100 yuan, the tax is 50 yuan, and the sales price is 5000 yuan. Then the net realizable value of a handmade product is the sales price minus the cost price, sales expenses and taxes, and the net realizable value is 2850 yuan.

4. Examples of fair value

For example, A traded a book for a radio, and two people voluntarily exchanged, then the fair value of the book is the price of the radio.

5. Examples of present value

For example, if you deposit 10000 yuan in the bank for a fixed period of one year, the money you can get after one year is 10000 plus 3.5% interest 350 yuan, which is 10350 yuan, then the present value of this 10000 yuan is10000 yuan.

Extended data

Application principles of accounting measurement attributes:

The new accounting standards stipulate that enterprises should generally adopt historical cost when measuring accounting elements, and if they adopt replacement cost, net realizable value, present value and fair value, they should ensure that the determined amount of accounting elements can be obtained and measured reliably.

When selecting the measurement attribute of fair value, the new accounting standards fully draw lessons from and consider the three levels of fair value application in international financial reporting standards, namely:

First of all, if there is an active market for assets or liabilities, the quotation in the active market should be used to determine their fair value;

Second, if there is no active market, the fair value shall be determined by referring to the market transaction price of the parties familiar with the situation and willing to trade or referring to the market price of other assets or liabilities that are essentially the same or similar;

Third, if there is no active market and the above two conditions are not met, the fair value is determined by valuation technology.

The introduction of fair value in China is moderate, cautious and conditional. The reason is that China is still a new market economy country. If fair value is introduced without restriction, it may lead to unreliable fair value measurement and even take the opportunity to manipulate profits artificially.

Therefore, in the specific standards of investment real estate and biological assets, it is stipulated that fair value measurement can only be adopted if there is an active market and fair value can be obtained and measured reliably.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Accounting Measurement Attribute