Astronomical knowledge hidden in thousands of words

? Qian's "Wen Zi" is the best teaching material of Chinese studies, and it is a swan song throughout the ages. "Zhou Xingsi" was written with

Astronomical knowledge hidden in thousands of words

? Qian's "Wen Zi" is the best teaching material of Chinese studies, and it is a swan song throughout the ages. "Zhou Xingsi" was written with the word 1000 in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and has been used as an enlightenment textbook ever since. It basically outlines a complete outline of China's cultural history, representing the highest level of China's traditional education in the enlightenment stage!

There is a lot of knowledge about planning in thousands of words. Today, we will talk about the astronomical knowledge related to the sentence "the sun and the moon are full and the morning is full" in the thousand-character text.

? The sun rises and sets in the west, and the moon appears at night, from lack to garden, from round to lack, and so on; The space is boundless, the stars are all over the vast space, and the mystery is infinite.

Speaking of the sun, the moon and the stars, we entered the field of traditional astronomy in China.

China's astronomy is different from western astronomy and has its own unique set, which is a part of China's traditional science and technology. The sun and the moon are the easiest to observe, and they are also the two stars most closely related to the earth.

First, the sun and the moon are very close to us. The moon is 380,000 kilometers away from the earth, and the sun is 654.38 billion kilometers away from the earth. Secondly, we can see that the diameter of the moon is the same as that of the sun on the earth. Therefore, people in China call the sun and the moon the moon. Add Jin Mu's five planets, water, fire and earth, and it will be called seven obsidians, or seven kinds of politics. Now, every Monday to Sunday, it is Sun Yao Day, Moon Yao Day, Fire Yao Day, Water Yao Day and Golden Yao Day in turn, which refers to these seven stars.

Full refers to the month; It means inclined and aimed at the sun. The fifteenth day of the first month is the full moon, which is also called looking at the sun and the moon. On the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar every month, the full moon has risen before sunset. One day in January, one white and one yellow look at each other, magnificent.

? On the first day of every month, the moon without moonlight is called new moon, and on the last day of every month, there is no moonlight, which is called cloudy day. From the third day to the seventh day, a crescent moon slowly came out and began to call it a sickle. On the eighth day, it was inverted D-shaped, called winding. The fifteenth is the full moon, then the D-shape, the lower chord, the last line of the waning moon, and then the gloom. This is because when the moon and the sun are on the same line, their apparent surface areas overlap, and the moon completely covers the sun, so there is no moonlight.

The sun sets in the west, and the sun rises and sets in the west every day. It is in the highest position at noon, and it is called the sun after noon. China's own astronomy pays attention to the ecliptic, the ecliptic and the equator, which are the most basic orbits of celestial bodies. People in China like to choose an auspicious day when they go out to do business.

Then what is the ecliptic? The ecliptic is the orbit of the sun around the earth. Someone jumped up at the sound, nonsense! Unscientific. How can the sun go around the earth? It is the earth that moves around the sun. We say it depends on where the base point is. If we observe the movement of the sun on the earth with the earth as the base point and the sun as the reference object, it is indeed that the sun revolves around the earth. The sun rises in the east in the morning and sets in the west at night. What we see is sunrise and sunset. Let's put it another way: the orbit of visual movement formed by observing the movement of the sun on the earth is called the ecliptic. Whatever you say is the same thing. The week of the zodiac is 360 degrees, which is divided into twelve equal parts, and it is called the zodiac 12 or 12. From the child to the sea, one palace is 30 degrees, and one palace is walked every month. After the zodiac is over, the sun turns on a Sunday.

What is White Road? The white road is an orbit formed by observing the moon's orbit around the earth, which is called the white road. The equator of the earth is between the North Pole and the South Pole. Draw an imaginary parallel line and divide the earth into two parts: the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere. Astronomical equator is the projection of the earth's equator on the celestial sphere. As a mark, there are corresponding Kyushu divisions on the celestial sphere. One cycle of the moon's profit and loss changes is the earliest lunar calendar used in China, which refers to the moon. According to the change of moonlight profit and loss, record the length of time, referred to as the lunar calendar. Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties all had their own calendars, and now we use the Xia calendar, that is, the lunar calendar of the Xia Dynasty.

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The sentence "Chen Li Su Zhang" comes from Huai Nan Zi. Huai Nan Zi was written by Liu An, king of Huai Nan, and his disciples in the early Western Han Dynasty. Liu An is the great-grandson of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and the son of King Liu Chang of the Han Dynasty. There is a cloud in Huainanzi: "The sun and the moon set the sky, the stars are listed, and the yin and yang are set. It is already four o'clock in the morning." It can be seen that Zhou Xingsi, the author of Qian Wen Zi, is very familiar with the Five Classics and the contention of a hundred schools of thought.

? Chen is the general name of stars in a broad sense, commonly known as stars. Chen in a narrow sense is Beichen, referring to the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper belongs to the constellation Ursa major in modern astronomy, which can be used to tell the direction and set the season. Chen Ye refers to the Zodiac Palace of the Sun (the ugly Xu Hai at noon).

Broadly speaking, a host refers to a star. What's the difference between stars and night? A star, a group of stars, a group of stars, is called a night. Let's look at the stars. It's basically constellations and clusters, and there are countless. It can only be called a night and a star. The most prosperous era of astronomy in China was the Sui and Tang Dynasties. At that time, the Star Domain was divided into three circles, also known as the Three Walls: Taiwei Wall, Wei Zi Wall and Shi Tian Wall. The wall is a courtyard wall, which divides the star field into three groups of courtyards. Then according to the east, west, north and south, the star field is divided into four pieces like watermelon, and each piece selects seven groups of stars, each group is a star. A star is a fixed star, just like the sun. This is the case today, tomorrow, and in ten thousand years. It will never change, and it is easy to observe and compare. There are seven groups of stars on each side, 4728, which adds up to 28 groups, which is 28 nights.

? Westerners are not called stars, but constellations. Constellation is a group of stars, such as Ursa major, Andromeda, Pisces and so on. Western astronomy used to have 48 constellations, but later the Greeks added 40 constellations, totaling 88 constellations, all named after people, animals and artifacts in western myths and legends, such as Sagittarius, Aquarius and Taurus, which are different from those in China.

According to the ancients in China, the East is the Black Dragon, the West is the White Tiger, the South is Suzaku, and the North is Xuanwu. In fact, after connecting 28 huts, it looks like these four animals. For example, "Oriental Black Dragon", a * * *, has seven groups of stars, connected by a thread, just like a dragon that looks back and closes. Dragons live in the east, and the season is spring, warming up and harmony. We are descendants of the Oriental Dragon, and we should never forget the birthplace of China people.

Mohe? 2065438+June 7th 65438+June 7th Jincheng