Basic knowledge of English

1. Little English Knowledge

Little English Knowledge (1): The Origin of English The origin of English can be traced back to Old English in the 5th century AD, which is its earliest prototype.

It was not until the 15th century that punctuation marks appeared. The word "town" that we still use is the oldest Old English word that survives today.

English Tips (2): Same word, different meanings You may know that the word "twerk" refers to a very popular swing dance. But in the 16th century, "twirk" (then spelled with an i instead of an e) meant "a sharp twisting motion."

When it comes to "twerking", there are some modern words and slang related to it that you should be aware of. English Tips (3): New words in the dictionary A new word is added to the dictionary every two hours.

These include "nerdjacking" (leading a conversation with a detailed explanation), "undorse" (reversing a policy situation), and "Mx" (replacing Mr. or Ms.)

A neutral term for p>

). English Tips (4): The Origin of OK Okay may be the most widely spread English word in the world besides Yes and No.

But where does it come from? Historically, linguists have disagreed. Some people say that okay was invented by Indians.

There is such an Indian tribe called the Chocktaw, who live in the fertile Mississippi Valley and make a living by planting and fishing. Whenever a problem occurs, the Chocktaw leaders sit in a circle with the tribal leaders to discuss it together. If someone agrees with the opinions of others, they nod and say "Okeh", which means "that's it."

When Europeans first arrived in America, they heard a lot of Indian words and developed them into English vocabulary. Many cities, rivers, and mountains in the United States now have names derived from Indian languages.

There is also a more credible theory: the word Okay was invented by a political group in the 19th century. There is a man named Martin Van Buren who is preparing to run for president. His supporters set up a club to promote him. The name of the club is "Okay Club". It is said that the letters O and K are taken from Van Buren's hometown. Old Kinderhook, New York, where he was born.

For such a popular word, naturally everyone may have their own story, but I believe the whole world will agree on one thing: okay is a purely American word, and it is a word that spans different languages. an excellent example. Just a little reminder: okay is usually used in spoken language. In written language, we can replace it with words such as agree, assent, approve, conform, etc. to make it more formal.

2. Asking for some basic knowledge of English

I saw him coming.

For example: he was seen to e: The grass was let graw. I know it could be made do. 2. The infinitives "make" and "have" as object complements to after these verbs should be omitted.

For example: I saw him e. Let the boy go to bed early. But please be aware of the following. I know I am sick.

They made the boy go to bed early. They made the boy go to bed early. Look at "two ears" refers to hear, listen to "一Sense" refers to feel, and "little servant" refers to let. I would have you know that I am ill.

Let him do it. Saw him coming.

The boy was let to go to bed early, and the post-infinitive form of help can be used with to or without to.

(2) When the above sensory verbs and causative verbs are converted into passive structures, the subsequent infinitive of the verb must generally contain to. I heard him sing. I heard him sing.

Notes (1) In the verb find. Let him do it. We felt the house shake We felt the house shake. Generally speaking, the object complement after a causative verb should be used as a prototype. The object complement after a sensory verb should use the prototype, because it is actually the infinitive omitting the form of to. In addition, modal verbs and auxiliary verbs should be used after it. Techniques for verb prototype infinitive to omit to as object complement. Song infinitive to omit to as object complement of the following words: "three eyes", "two ears", "one sense" plus three "little causatives" "three eyes" refers to see, watch.

3. Does anyone have some knowledge about English?

Thanksgiving is celebrated on the 4th Thursday of November, which this year (2004) is November 25th. Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two- month voyage they landed what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts on icy November day. During their first winter, over half of the settlers ①died of starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring. All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the ing harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, the President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today. The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash. The best and most attractive among

They are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years. Thanksgiving is the last Thursday in November, and this year (2004) Thanksgiving is November 25.

Thanksgiving is the most authentic American holiday among the national holidays in the United States, and it is most closely related to the early history of the United States. In 1620, a group of Puritans took the "Mayflower" across the ocean to seek a place of religious freedom.

After two months of tossing and turning on the sea, they landed on land in a bitterly cold November, landing in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. During their first winter there, more than half of the immigrants died of starvation and infectious diseases.

Those who survived began to sow seeds in the first spring. They had been eagerly anticipating the harvest all summer, knowing that their own survival and the colony's ability to take root in the future depended on the harvest.

In the end, the crops achieved an unexpected bumper harvest. So people decided to choose a day to thank God for his gifts.

A few years later, the President of the United States declared the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day. Thanksgiving celebrations were held on this day, a custom that continues to this day.

The celebration of Thanksgiving has not changed over the years. Preparations for the sumptuous family dinner began months ago.

People can eat apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes on the table. There are also plum puddings, mince pies and a variety of other items, as well as cranberry moss and fresh fruit juices.

Among the best and most tempting dishes are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. For several years, these dishes have been some of the most traditional and beloved items at Thanksgiving.

Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with bread dressing to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to ②get a consensus on the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird. Thanksgiving today is, ③in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join to express their thanks for the year's bounty and reverently ask for continued blessings. It is agreed that a Thanksgiving meal must have a roasted turkey as the main course, and that the turkey should be roasted with bread stuffing to absorb the delicious juices that escape during the roasting process. But because cooking methods vary from household to household and region to region, it can be difficult to agree on exactly what to use to stuff a turkey.

Today’s Thanksgiving is an out-and-out national holiday. Americans of all faiths and backgrounds will express their gratitude to God for His grace this year and pray devoutly for God’s continued blessings. .

Thanksgiving Fare Of all the Thanksgiving symbols the Turkey has bee the most well known. The turkey has brown features with buff-colored feathers on the tips of the wing and on the tail. The male turkey is called a Tom and, as with most birds , is bigger and has brighter and more colorful plumage. The female is called a Hen and is generally *** aller and drab in color. The turkey was originally domesticated in Mexico, and was brought to Europe early in the 16th century. Since that time, turkeys have been extensively raised because of the excellent quality of their meat and eggs. Some of the mon breeds of turkey in the United States are the Bronze, Narragansett, White Holland, and Bourbon Red. Today there is such a large variety of food to choose from that a Thanksgiving Dinner can feature almost any main course. True, the traditional turkey is still the meat of choice, yet goose, duck, ham, even some of the sea's harvests can be used. In sweet potatoes, peas, rice dishes, greens, and even more exotic vegetables all ④make their.

4. English common sense

I don’t know which aspect you are referring to; just say it casually. The general structure of English names is: Christian name + self-chosen name + surname.

Like William Jafferson Clinton. But in many cases, the middle name is often omitted, such as George Bush, and many people prefer to use nicknames instead of formal given names, such as Bill Clinton.

The above Christian name and middle name are also called personal names. The personal names, nicknames and surnames of English-speaking people are now introduced as follows: I. Personal name According to the custom of English-speaking people, when a baby is baptized, the priest or parents, relatives and friends usually give it a name, which is called the Christian name.

In the future, I can use a second name after my given name. The sources of English personal names are generally as follows: 1. Using names from the Bible, Greek and Roman mythology, ancient celebrities or literary classics as Christian names.

2. Use the name of the ancestor’s place of origin, mountains and rivers, birds, animals, fish and insects, flowers and trees as the Christian name. 3. Different variants of the given name.

4. Use a (nickname) nickname. 5. Use word-formation techniques to create new Christian names, such as reverse order and merger.

6. Use the mother’s maiden name Haifa Xinhe Yougu Fengtanfukai as the middle name. Commonly used male names among English-speaking people are: James, John, David, Daniel, Michael. Common female names are: Jane, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, Sarah, Catherine.II. Nicknames include nicknames, abbreviations and nicknames, which are English-speaking people often use the term of endearment among relatives and friends, which is derived from the Christian name.

Usually the following situations occur: 1. Keep the first syllable. For example, Donald => Don, Timothy => Tim. If the real name starts with a vowel, a nickname starting with 'N' can be derived, such as: Edward => Ned.2. +ie or -y, such as: Don => Donnie , Tim => Timmy.3. Use final syllables, such as: Anthony => Tony, Beuben => Ben.4. Derive two nicknames from one given name, such as: Andrew => Andy & Drew.5. Irregular derivation French, such as: One of William's nicknames is Bill.III. For a long time, the British had only a first name but no surname.

It was not until the 16th century that the use of surnames became widespread. The etymology of English surnames mainly includes: 1. Directly borrowing the Christian name, such as Clinton. 2. Adding affixes indicating blood relationships to the Christian name, such as suffixes -s, -son, -ing; prefixes M'-, Mc- ,Mac-, Fitz-, etc. all mean someone’s son or descendant.

3. Add affixes indicating identity before the Christian name, such as St.-, De-, Du=, La-, Le-. 4. Reflect place names, landforms or environmental features, such as Brook, Hill wait. 5. Reflecting identity or occupation, such as Carter, Smith. 6. Reflecting personal characteristics, such as Black, Longfellow. 7. Borrowing the names of animals and plants, such as Bird, Rice. 8. Combining two surnames, such as Burne-Jones. Although English surnames appeared later than Christian names, they are much more numerous.

Commonly used names are: Smith, Miller, Johnson, Brown, Jones, Williams. IV. A few notes: 1. The earlier ones originated from the Bible, and Christian names from Greek and Roman mythology are usually not borrowed as surnames. 2. British people are accustomed to abbreviating both the Christian name and the middle name, such as M. H. Thatcher; Americans are accustomed to abbreviating only the middle name, such as Ronald W. Reagan.

3. Sometimes there is an interpersonal title before the name, such as position and military rank. Dr., Prof., Pres. can be used before the surname or the given name; Sir can only be used before the given name or the given name.

5. How to get started learning English

Since you start from scratch, you are really brave. However, you have to stick to your ideas and the result will be what you want

English learning.

First of all, you need to spend a week to fully master the phonetic symbols. This will be of great help to your future reading and writing. Moreover, if you learn the phonetic symbols well, it will be especially easy to memorize words. This will help you accumulate vocabulary

Then, you have to learn grammar well. This is the basis of English, because it forms sentences and chapters. In fact, it’s not difficult if you buy a grammar book and read it.

Next, listening is very important. Usually listen to more English texts. You can download the New Concept English, which is in conversation form, from difficult to easy, listen more and read more. You can also watch some movies. Videos of English speeches, which can cultivate your sense of language

Next, you have to speak, maybe with friends. You can also have a conversation with yourself, then record it and listen to your own pronunciation.

In this way, you will discover the existence of some problems

Finally, it is your persistence, not afraid of difficulties, and keep learning

6. The simplest and most effective way to learn English

If you insist on "speaking more", "listening more", "reading more" and "writing more", your English scores will definitely be excellent.

1. “Talk” more. Create more opportunities for yourself to speak more English with English teachers. When meeting classmates, especially when you are with good friends, try to use English to greet and talk about your mood... At this time, you need to carry a small English-Chinese translation dictionary with you, and when you encounter new words Look up these new words, and you don’t have to remember them deliberately. The more you use them, the words will naturally be remembered.

Never regard learning English as a burden, always regard it as an interesting thing to do. Maybe you have the opportunity to meet a foreigner. You should boldly go up and say hello to him, talk to him about the weather, the scenery, the school... just don't ask about his age, marital history and other personal questions.

Try to use some of the vocabulary and sentences you have learned to chat with him. Soon you will find that chatting with foreigners is much easier than talking English with Chinese people.

Because he will use many simple words when talking to you, and he doesn’t pay much attention to the expressions. As long as you pronounce correctly, you will be able to communicate smoothly. It’s just that you have to have confidence and dare to express your thoughts.

It doesn’t matter if you don’t have a suitable partner. You can take a book or something else as an imaginary partner and talk to it about what you saw and heard throughout the day, your happiness, your sadness, etc. Wait, if you keep at it for a long time, your spoken English will definitely improve greatly. 2. “Listen” more and look for every opportunity to listen to English.

When others are talking in English, you should boldly participate and listen to the pronunciation of various people. Men, women, old and young, fast and slow, you should be exposed to them. If there are few such opportunities If so, you can choose to listen to articles whose content you don't know, which will be of great help to you. And if you listen to tapes of texts that you have learned, it will be of great help to your learning of language and intonation. 3. “Read” more.

"Reading" can be divided into two types. One is "silent reading".

Giving you a certain amount of time to practice every day will be of great benefit to improving your reading speed. The content you read can be your textbook, but it is best to be some interesting short reading materials, because the current English college entrance examination More and more attention is paid to reading quantity and reading speed. The score of each question has a great relationship with your understanding, so after three years of reading training in high school, you will definitely be sure to win the college entrance examination.

The other is "reading aloud", which is an essential learning method for learning a language. 4. “Write” more Some students always complain that they are short of time and have no time to write essays at all.

In fact, there are many forms of "writing", and it is not necessarily necessary to write essays to improve writing skills. For example, if you write down some important things that happened in your day, or a certain phrase you learned that day, you can create a context to use the word appropriately.

This can help you remember the usage of this word, and can also exercise your writing skills. You don’t have to spend a lot of time learning English. A 10-minute walk can practice "speaking", and you can practice "speaking" after eating. Reading English novels for a while and listening to English for a few minutes before going to bed can help you get better rest... As long as you take some time to practice English every day, your English scores will definitely improve quickly. Method 2: People often ask: What are the tips for learning English? To be honest, if you want to master a language without the necessary language environment, there is really no shortcut.

To sum it up, there are only four words: work hard. I am definitely not just saying nice things casually.

Based on my experience of learning English in the past few years, it is only through accumulation over time and through quantitative changes that it is possible to achieve a qualitative leap. I remember that there was a time when, after working hard, I still felt that my English level was improving too slowly, so I deliberately relaxed for a few days.

Unexpectedly, when I started learning again, I clearly felt that I had regressed a lot. Since then, I have set this motto for myself: "Keep your fists in your hands and your music in your mouth."

To learn English well, interest is very important. As Einstein said, "Interest is the best teacher."

My interest in learning English has greatly stimulated my thirst for knowledge. Some people say that a high level of English is the capital to find an ideal job or even go abroad in the future.

This is certainly good, but in addition, I feel that English is a window. It shows us a vast world and a novel scene. When I was able to communicate with foreign friends in English, learn about foreign society, history, science and culture, and obtain first-hand information, I truly realized the beauty of mastering a language.

To learn English well, a set of scientific learning methods is essential. Since individual actual situations are different, applying mechanically will not work.

But I believe that as long as you carefully understand and gradually explore, everyone can create a unique and effective learning method. Here, I would like to share with you some of my experiences in the process of learning English for your reference.

Although I had a good foundation in English in middle school, when I first entered university, I still deeply felt the gap. To have certain listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities, you must first master five thousand to eight thousand vocabulary words.

As a high school graduate, my vocabulary at that time was really pitiful. So, I decided to quickly expand my vocabulary as the main breakthrough.

Some students like to memorize large vocabulary manuals, but I think this is boring and not conducive to flexible use. So I focused on reading. Vocabulary and reading went hand in hand, which produced twice the result with half the effort.

In order to quickly expand the vocabulary, I chose some reading materials that were too difficult for us at the time. Articles of thousands of words usually contain twenty or thirty new words.

These articles cover a wide range of topics and include vocabulary from many fields. I usually adopt the "two-pass reading method", that is, the first pass focuses on training reading skills, and the second pass focuses on expanding vocabulary and cultivating language sense.

When I first started reading training, I referred to the book "Active Readers". Start by improving your reading speed.

Concentrate on reading an article of moderate length, note the start and end time, and calculate the amount of reading per unit time. It became my habit to force myself to read quickly.

During the first reading, I focused on training speed, mastering the main idea and basic structure of the article, and identifying problems so that I could focus on solving them in further reading. There are two main points for the second reading: First, expand the vocabulary.

The specific method is: read the article again.

7. Basic knowledge of English

Words! ! At any time...no matter how you sprint, words are the most important! The following is basic grammatical knowledge and test points. Generations, nouns, numerals 1. When using more than two personal pronouns, the order is: second person, third person, first person 2. everyone cannot be followed by of phrase, every one can be 3. Use 'noun/gerund' + A compound noun formed by + preposition (phrase)/adjective/adverb/verb infinitive'. Its plural form is to turn the noun or gerund as the main part into the plural directly derived from the phrase or the compound noun ending in a countable noun. The plural form is to make the last word-forming part plural. The plural form of a compound noun formed with 'man or woman + noun' is to make both components plural. The plural form of a compound noun ending with an uncountable noun has no plural form. For example: homework 4 Material nouns are generally uncountable, but when used to express 'various varieties', they can almost always be used as countable nouns, such as: different teas. When there are modifiers before and after an abstract noun, it expresses the abstraction of 'a certain kind' or 'a certain aspect'. When it is a concept, you can add a/an before it. 6 Key points of the possessive case of nouns: when 's must be used 1) 's genitive case is used after nouns that express time, weights and measures, and value 2) For phrases as a whole, add 's to the last word 3) When two persons or things belong together, add 's after the second noun 4) When the noun following the possessive case is a familiar building such as a shop, home, church, hospital, etc., this noun is often omitted5 ) Add 's after the last word of a compound noun 6) When there is an appositive after the modified noun, 's must be used 7 When used to express a category or attribute, 's children's shoes Children's shoes must be used 1 ) When a noun is followed by a postmodifier or appositive 2) When using a definite article plus a participle or an adjective to express a type of person, if there is a cardinal word before dozens/score/hundred/thousand/million to express the exact number, it cannot If the plural form is used to express many and inaccurate numbers, the plural form must be used, and of 8 is added at the end to express the order in two ways: 1) 'noun + cardinal numeral' without article, such as Chapter four 2) ' the+ordinal + noun' such as the Fourth Chapter 9 Expression of multiple increase or decrease 1) multiple + adjective/adverb comparative + than 2) multiple + as + adjective/adverb + as 3) multiple + noun 4) verb + percentage or multiple 5) Verb + to + numeral 6) double/triple/quadruple + noun 7) Verb + by + numeral/percent/multiple 10 The numerator of the fraction is the cardinal numeral, and the denominator is the ordinal numeral. The denominator is plural except in other cases where the numerator is one. 11 When a percentage is followed by a noun, add of two adjectives and adverbs 1) The order of premodifiers can be the adjective before the article (all both such) -----article, demonstrative adjective, possessive adjective, indefinite adjective (a an the this your his any some) ----------- Cardinal numeral (one) Ordinal numeral (first) ----------- Adjective expressing nature, state, quality ( good useful) -----------------Adjectives expressing size, length, shape----------------Adjectives expressing age, old and new, temperature- ----------Adjectives indicating color---------------------Adjectives indicating nationality, place of origin, region------ -----A noun that expresses materials and is used as an adjective ----------Gerund, participle 2) Postmodifier is an adjective composed of the prefix a- 3) Adjective modification is composed of some-, any- When it is a compound indefinite pronoun composed of , every-, no-, -body, -one, -thing, etc., it must be placed after 4) When enough is used as an adjective to modify a noun, it can be placed before or after it, but when it is used as an adverb to modify an adjective, enough or adverb, must be postfixed

5) Some adjectives themselves have the meaning ‘ratio’.

.Older', 'than.

. These adjectives with the meaning of superior are followed by the preposition to instead of than 6) much too is used as an adverb phrase to modify adjectives or adverbs, but does not modify nouns 7) more cannot be used to modify comparatives 8) used with nouns more of a.

/as much of a. /more of a.

.Means more like. . 9) as much of a.

It means to be worthy of being called, less of a means not to be counted. 10) none other than (not others, exactly) = no other than 11) any/sone/every is used with other. If a countable noun is used after it, it is usually a singular three-modal verb 1) can is used in negative sentences cannot (help) but means cannot but, only (but is followed by the infinitive of the verb without to) 2) must means forbidden, must The negative form of don't is mustn't. When it expresses a confident inference, it means it must be yes. Its negative form is can't 3) need doing=need to be done. This sentence pattern expresses passive meaning 4) need not have done sth means that there is no need to do something (frequent test) Four subjunctive clauses Main clause 1) Opposite of past facts had + past participle should (first person) would (other person) + have + past participle Opposite of present facts Simple past tense (The verb be uses were) would/should/could/might+verb prototype opposite to the future fact past tense or should/were+action prime would/should/could/might+verb prototype 2) It is (high/about/the) time.

The predicate verb uses the past tense to refer to the present or future situation, indicating that something should have been done long ago but it is already a bit late now. 3) In the that clause after It is the first (second/third) time, the predicate verb Use the perfective aspect to express an experience 4) Subjunctive points of as if/though 1) Assumptions about the facts at that time, use the past tense as the predicate of the clause, and always use were as the verb to be 2) Assumptions about past facts, use the past perfect as the predicate of the clause Formula 3) Assumptions about future facts, the predicate of the clause uses would + verb prototype.