Characteristics of Li Nationality's Clothing

Li costumes are mainly made of island cotton, hemp, kapok, bark fiber and silk. In some places in ancient times, the bark of Broussonetia papyrifera or blood-sealed throat tree was used as clothing. This kind of cloth is made by cutting the bark from the mountain, pulping to remove the skin residue, leaving a fiber layer, soaking it in lime (the ash burned by snail shells) and drying it in the sun. Li people usually wear jackets and trousers with double-breasted collars. They wear scarves and feathers. Women wear black round neck dresses with many decorations. The neckline is connected with white and green beads to form three groups of edges, the cuffs and hem are decorated with patterns, and the front and back are connected with beads to form colorful patterns. Wear tight miniskirts. Some of them wear black and blue flat-necked coats with white patterns embroidered on the cuffs, horizontal patterns on the backs and colorful floral tube skirts. The bottom of the skirt is placed in front. When wearing clothes, I wear a silver hairpin, a silver chain and a silver collar around my neck, beads on my chest and a silver ring on my hand. Wearing a black scarf. 16 14 2008 Li costumes declared by Hainan Jinxiu zhibei co., ltd were included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list with the approval of the State Council. (category: folk customs; No.: X- 1 1 1)

Clothing characteristics National characteristics Among the four elements of "basic necessities of life", "clothing" ranks first, but its importance is self-evident. Clothes are also called "clothes" because people wear clothes not only to keep warm, but also to beautify their bodies. * * * The clothing of Er nationality is no exception. * * * Zu Er * * Zu Er's clothing is not only varied, but also very beautiful and distinctive. * * * Er women like to use contrasting colors to make the red ones brighter and the green ones greener. * * * Er men pay attention to black and white effects, so they are bold and unrestrained. * * * Er is a flower-loving people. People wear embroidered hats, embroidered clothes, embroidered shoes, embroidered towels and embroidered bags. Clothes and costumes are closely related to flowers. * * * Er's clothing has clear form, diverse patterns, bright colors, simple patterns, exquisite craftsmanship and clear development and evolution rules. Some clothing styles are quite similar to those unearthed in Xinjiang, reflecting the historical precipitation of a region and a culture. It also has a distinctive aesthetic acceptance paradigm of national cultural characteristics, from which we can see the inheritance and regional customs of national costumes. After liberation, especially in the last decade or two, with the improvement of people's living standards, great changes have taken place in the costumes of the * * * people, and suits and fashions have become more and more popular among the * * * people, especially young men and women. There are many kinds of * * * Er hats and headdresses, among which * * * Er clothing is the most distinctive. * * Er Both men and women like to wear hats, because wearing a hat not only has the function of preventing cold or heatstroke, but more importantly, it should be worn for entertainment, visiting relatives and friends, and holiday parties. * * * The traditional hats of Er nationality mainly include fur hats and flower hats. Leather hats are mainly used to keep out the cold, mostly made of sheepskin, but also fox skin, raccoon skin, rabbit skin, marmot skin, beaver skin, mink skin and so on. There are mainly the following types: 1, Baitumak (Kashgar white fur hat) is mainly worn by young men. It looks like a deep bowl, made of sheepskin, with fur inside and leather board outside. There are four thick water chestnuts at the top and a circle of white or black burrs at the lower edge. 2. The hat of Artushi Tumak is made of black velveteen or velvet, which looks like a bowl, shallower than Kashi Tumak, and has a circle of burrs at the lower edge, which is made of marmot or mink hair. 3. The shape of self-cutting leather is the same as that of a white fur hat, except that the fabric is velveteen or velvet with thin edges, but mink or other animal skins are used. This kind of hat is usually worn by middle-aged and elderly men and religious people. 4.Oure Tumak This hat is about 30 cm high, trapezoidal and cylindrical, divided into two layers, with ordinary wool inside and black lambskin on the surface. Both male and female farmers wear hats, and women's hats are mainly worn by elderly women. 5. Mu Kai Chet Tumak has a wide border, sewn with sea otter skin, and the top of the hat ring is made of black or brown velveteen and velvet. This kind of hat used to be worn by women, but it has been worn by old people over time. 6. Kulak is a kind of fur hat often worn by the Er people in winter. Its basic shape is round, with long flaps on both sides that can move up and down. Kulak is just one of the main types of Kulak Cha, and it is a very distinctive type. It is made of sheepskin, and the color part is black or gray. Its two wings can't be turned down, just a decoration; Kalipak (felt hat), inner felt and outer cloth, etc. The fur hat was originally worn in winter and has the function of keeping warm and keeping out the cold. However, there is a custom of wearing a fur hat in summer among the Er people, because it can also keep the skin of the head moist and prevent heatstroke. * * * Erhua Hat is not only excellent in material selection, but also exquisite in technology. Craftsmen who make small hats have a set of "unique skills". The patterns and patterns of flower caps are ever-changing, and the patterns and patterns of different flower caps are also related to the regional environment. Flower hats in different places have obvious local characteristics. There are many styles of flower hats in Kashgar, especially for men. The pattern of "Almond" is mainly white on a black background, with strong color contrast and elegant style. It is formed according to the lines of decorative patterns, and its corners protrude outward, showing a three-dimensional effect, but black and white are deeply imprinted in people's minds. The flower hats in Hotan and Kuqa areas are made of high-quality velvet fabrics, with different colors of velvet woven patterns interspersed with density, which makes the patterns overflow with unique charm. Some flower caps are inlaid with beads and gold and silver ornaments, and the beads are round and shiny. Clever use of the structural factors of the pattern itself, so that the flower cap is full of flowers. There are also flower hats with raised decorative patterns on the top, exquisite colored thread weaving and dazzling colored balls strutting around, all of which are the bride's favorite things. Turpan's flower hat is famous for its bright colors. The bright red pattern with the green pattern is like a gorgeous flower. Yili's flower hat not only highlights the fluency of lines, but also has the advantages of elegance and generosity. The flower cap is flat and shallow, and the pattern is concise and summarized. 1, Badam flower hat is made of Badam apricot stone ... >>.

We want to make Li costumes and give them a nice name: 100 Chinese school, Chinese school.

What are the famous national costumes with distinctive features? 1. Dai costumes: Dai people are a minority in Yunnan Province, mainly distributed in Pingba area of the valley in the south and west of Yunnan Province. Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Dai Autonomous Prefecture and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture are the main inhabited areas of Dai people. Dai people live in tropical and subtropical areas, where the climate is warm, the mountains and rivers are dense and the products are rich. Dai costumes also fully reflect these regional characteristics. Dai costumes not only give people a strong sense of beauty, but also have a strong national style. The men's clothes in Dai costumes are simple and generous, including collarless double-breasted or large-breasted small sleeve tops, plain trousers and white and cyan cloth heads. This kind of clothing is light and comfortable in farming and makes the wearer look handsome in dancing. Dai women's costumes are colorful, which fully shows their vitality and sexiness. Dai women wear all kinds of tight underwear, light-colored long-breasted or double-breasted narrow-sleeved shirts, and colorful skirts with various patterns. Dai women like to tie their long hair in a bun, insert combs obliquely on it, use hairpin or flowers as decorations, and wear gold and silver ornaments and tie a delicate silver belt around their waists. Such clothes dress them up beautifully and elegantly. They are like beautiful peacocks, elegant and demure.

2. Buyi costumes: Buyi costumes are mostly blue, blue and white. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), men wore headscarves, double-breasted shirts or long-sleeved shirts and trousers. Old people wear robes. There is no difference between men's clothes and Chinese clothes recently. There are many kinds of women's costumes, among which Zhenning, Guanling, Puding and Liupanshui are the areas where the oldest Buyi costumes are preserved. Women wear big skirts and short coats, and the neckline, shoulders, sleeves and hem are inlaid with geometric patterns of brocade and batik. Wear a pleated long skirt and sew it with blue batik cloth on white background. Self-made brocade and batik are the main features of Buyi costumes. Just for solemnity, the old man made a skirt with He Hong cloth and batik cloth on it. Every woman usually has a dozen clothes, or more. In festivals, people are used to wearing 6 tops and 9 skirts, and wearing 1 cyan or blue embroidered belts, which is more charming and gorgeous. At the same time, I pay great attention to headdress, braid my hair before marriage and wear embroidered headscarves; After marriage, bamboo shoot shells must be used as the special decoration of the "skeleton", which is called "Gengkao", which means getting married. In Zhenning and Guanling areas, girls like to tie a tall bun, which is shaped like an arch bridge. There is a silver hairpin about feet long in their hair, with a short skirt and a pair of embroidered cloth shoes. In other areas, there are many shorts and trousers, or batik or embroidery lace is set at the skirt, neckline and trouser legs. Women in Anlong and Xingren areas in southwest Guizhou like to make headscarves with white cloth and embroider them with various colors, which are unpretentious and elegant. At the same time, I also like to wear silver ornaments, jade bracelets, hairpins, rings, collars, etc., which are unique in style and quite distinctive.

3. Bai costumes: Bai women wear light-colored large-breasted tops, black or purple velvet large-breasted vests, lace trousers, embroidered waists, exquisite embroidered belts and embroidered shoes. Wearing a flower handkerchief on her head, the unmarried woman wears a plait on her head and presses it on it, decorated with colored pompoms, and her long ears hang down. Married women hide their long braids in Huapari. I like to wear all kinds of silver ornaments and enamel ornaments. Bai men and women advocate white, and white is noble, which is reflected in men's clothing. Men like to make headscarves, tops, trousers and leggings with white. He is wearing a lapel dress, wide Chinese trousers, a waistcoat with a deerskin lapel, an embroidered Chinese-style Chinese belly cover, a handkerchief, leggings, cloth shoes or sandals. In Xishan District, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, every adult Bai man wears a small and exquisite embroidered purse embroidered with patterns such as "two birds climbing branches" and "Yuanyang playing in the water", which is a symbol of love. She is a Bai girl. Bai women are good at embroidery and dyeing, and there are many exquisite handicrafts in their costumes, such as embroidery, flower picking, inlay rolling and tie dyeing. Bai costumes are bold in color, mainly light, with dark contrast, strong contrast, bright and harmonious; Exquisite embroidery, usually fringed flowers, complicated but not miscellaneous decoration. The more colorful the southern Bai costumes are, the more elegant the northern ones are. Compared with the dam area, the Bai people in the mountainous area are more brightly dressed, while the Bai people in the dam area are relatively simple. Young women's clothing mainly includes headdress, coat, collar robe, vest and trousers. Coat is mostly white, light yellow, lake blue or light green, coat is black or red collar, silver ornaments of "three whiskers" and "five whiskers" are hung on the right button, waist is embroidered or dark short waist, blue or white trousers are placed under it, or the same color, or clothes, jackets, trousers and waist are the same color, so as to seek harmony in the comparison of multi-color blocks. Some people use bright yellow coats with trousers of the same color, decorated with Red Velvet collars, while others use lake blue or green coats with black velvet collars with darker edges ...

The Origin (Legend, Characteristics) of National Costume The overall characteristics of China minority costume culture.

All ethnic groups in China are part of the world's ethnic family, and all 55 ethnic groups except the Han nationality are ethnic minorities. Our tour of ethnic costume culture is mainly a tour of ethnic costume culture in China, so it is necessary to study the overall characteristics of ethnic costume culture in China first.

China is a unified multi-ethnic country. As early as half a century ago, Comrade * * * pointed out in the article "China Revolution and China * * *": "China is one of the largest countries in the world, and its territory is almost as big as the whole of Europe. In this vast land, its territory is almost as big as the whole of Europe. In this vast land, there are vast fertile fields and fertile fields, which provide us with food and clothing, as well as large and small mountains all over the country, which have grown vast forests and stored rich minerals. There are stupid rivers and lakes that give us the benefits of boat irrigation; There is a long coastline, which gives us the convenience to communicate with overseas nationalities. Since ancient times, the ancestors of our Chinese nation have worked, lived and multiplied in this vast land. " After the founding of the people's Republic of China

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After careful scientific appraisal, there are 56 ethnic groups in China, namely: Han, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Chao, Man, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai, Li and Li. In addition, the identity of some people has not yet been determined. According to the census statistics of 1982, among the 55 ethnic minorities, the largest population is Zhuang, with about13.38 million people. In addition, there are fourteen ethnic groups including Hui, Yi, Miao, Manchu, Tibetan, Mongolian, Tujia, Buyi, Korea, Dong, Yao, Bai and Hani. The Hezhe nationality has the smallest population, only 1476. Ethnic minorities, accounting for less than 7% of the total population, are distributed in a vast area accounting for about 50-60% of the total area of China, especially in the vast southwest, northwest and northeast border areas. They have contributed to the independence and prosperity of the motherland and created their own culture.

The formation of all ethnic groups in China has experienced at least two thousand years of differentiation or integration. Judging from the names of Xia, Xu, Di, Yi, Zhupu and Baiyue that have appeared in China's ancient books, China was a multi-ethnic country long before the Qin Dynasty, and the establishment of feudal autocracy in the Qin Dynasty made such a multi-ethnic country highly unified under the central government. Therefore, the cultures of all ethnic groups in China have long-term historical traditions, including costume culture. Judging from the actual situation, the costume culture of ethnic minorities in China has the following five general characteristics:

First, there are many kinds of ethnic minorities in China, which are widely distributed. For a long time, the vast minority areas have inconvenient transportation and difficult communication with each other. Therefore, ethnic costumes are colorful, rich in costume culture and inexhaustible in costume resources.

There are 55 ethnic minorities living in 70% of more than 2,000 counties in China, which are widely distributed. Among these ethnic minorities, some have many branches. For example, Miao people are divided into five categories: red seedlings, black seedlings, white seedlings, seedlings and flower seedlings, among which flower seedlings are big-headed seedlings, one-horned seedlings, veiled seedlings and flower-footed seedlings, all of which are divided by different costumes. In this way, not only different ethnic groups have different costumes, but also different costumes within the same ethnic group because of different branches, which makes the costumes of ethnic minorities in China particularly rich.

In the past, because the clothing of Han urban and rural residents, who account for the vast majority of China's population, was mostly limited to black and blue, and some ethnic minorities also advocated black and blue, so some people dubbed us "the country of blue ants". In fact, if we look at the colorful costumes of a considerable number of ethnic minorities, the title of "country of blue ants" is unrealistic. China's ethnic costumes are very rich in quality, color, style and collocation. Yunnan province, which has 24 ethnic minorities, held the first national arts festival in September, 1988. Thousands of ethnic minority literary and art teams, that is, thousands of ethnic minority costume performance teams, have amazed Chinese and foreign guests. The Kunming National Song and Dance Troupe with the theme of "Sun, Moon, Wind and Fire" has put out national costumes to express their feelings for the party ... >>

Which nationality's costume is this? What are the characteristics of this dress? China is a multi-ethnic country with a long history, a unified civilization and a vast territory. Fifty-six ethnic groups have jointly created a splendid national culture. From the legendary Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the present, with the development of productive forces and social progress, people's material life and spiritual life are getting richer and richer, and people's ideas and concepts are constantly changing. This is the typical change of human clothing concepts, from the initial concealment to avoiding the body, to keeping out the cold and keeping warm, and then to pursuing fashion and beauty. It can be said that clothing is the product of the development of human civilization for 5,000 years, the crystallization of culture and a good embodiment of the development of civilization for a period of time. The costume culture of China's ethnic minorities has the following five general characteristics: First, there are many kinds and wide distribution of ethnic minorities in China, and the vast minority areas have long been inconvenient in transportation and difficult to communicate with each other, so ethnic costumes are colorful, rich in costume culture and inexhaustible in costume resources. Secondly, due to the differences in natural environment, national customs and aesthetic tastes, China's national costumes show great differences between the north and the south, mountains and grasslands, showing different styles and characteristics. Thirdly, due to historical, geographical, political, economic and other reasons, China's ethnic minorities are still in different stages of social development and corresponding productivity levels until the middle of this century, and the resulting differences are very profound and have not been completely overcome so far, so the cultural content displayed by ethnic minority costumes has obvious levels. Fourthly, China's national costumes are facing the impact of the whole social modernization process and the requirements of reform, and some traditional costumes have changed. Therefore, on the one hand, we should rescue the clothing resources, on the other hand, we should guide the clothing reform purposefully, organized and planned, and strive to maintain the national tradition and cultural characteristics of clothing to meet the needs of modern production and life. Fifth, China minority costume culture has long lacked scientific and systematic research, expecting theoretical summary, theoretical generalization, theoretical accumulation and theoretical breakthrough. China's national costumes are rich and colorful, and nationality, diversity, practicality and regionality are the typical characteristics of our national costumes. First, national costume is the external expression and image display of national culture, which shows the vivid personality of the nation and is different from the mental outlook of other nations. China is a big family of 56 ethnic groups, and each ethnic group is full of infinite charm in culture and dress. With its rich colors, exquisite skills, unique shapes and profound cultural connotations, national costumes have become treasures in the treasure house of national culture and art in China. 1 reflects the spiritual outlook of the nation. . 2. It implies the historical track of national development. 3. It is often closely related to the belief and worship of this nation. Second, practical national costumes have practical characteristics and are convenient to wear and work. Just like the tropical rain forest area in South America, in the humid rain forest area, it is popular to wear trumpet-shaped mop pants to resist mosquito bites. The prevailing western cowboy clothing was originally created by pioneers to adapt to the harsh environment of wandering life in the wild. It is simple, heavy, sun-proof and wear-resistant. Just like our national costume, it is also born of production and serves production and life. The leather clothes made of roe deer skin by Oroqen people are not only cold and rainproof, but also wear-resistant, which is very suitable for hunting. The distinctive roe deer hat is made of a complete roe deer scalp. There are not only erect horns and ears on the top of the hat, but also black leather embroidered eyes embedded in the eye sockets of the roe deer, which are very realistic in shape and can achieve the purpose of confusing prey when hunting. The basic structure of Tibetan costumes is fat waist, long sleeves and big chest robes. Wearing this kind of clothes with large structure can be used as a quilt when sleeping at night. The robe sleeves are wide and the arms are flexible, which is not only cold and warm, but also convenient for life and travel. When the temperature rises during the day, you can remove an arm to facilitate heat dissipation and body temperature regulation. Over time, taking off a sleeve has formed a unique style of Tibetan costumes. The traditional costumes of Jing residents in Hengduan Mountain area are mainly short coats, which are simple and beautiful and suitable for wading and boating. Thirdly, China's regional national costumes have strong regional characteristics. Fifty-six ethnic groups are distributed in all directions of the motherland, showing the characteristics of "large dispersion and small settlement" Due to the vast territory, great differences in regional natural ecological environment and unbalanced economic development, different nationalities living in different places have created national costumes of different nationalities and regions in order to adapt to their own natural environment and seek their own development. For example, Tibetan costumes are characterized by long sleeves and skirts sweeping the floor. This is mainly because the area where Tibetans live is relatively cold, so they have more habits ... >; & gt

Where can I find clothes for Li in Haikou? Is it Li Jin that the landlord wants to buy?

Hainan Provincial Library (Guoxing Avenue) has a Li Jin Fang, which specializes in displaying and selling Li Jin.

* * * The clothing characteristics of ethnic groups such as Er, Mongolian, Tibetan, Korean, Zhuang, Dai and Miao, etc., preferably with typical pictures. Five points,

Li Style Writing Style (1) Traditional Architectural Art

Li folk houses not only have a unified and complete basic shape, but also are flexible and diverse. They all exist for real life, without any redundant settings and affectation. Their applicability in function, rationality in structure, economy in materials and harmony with the environment converge into a true expression of nationality and regionality. Their buildings are full of vitality and nurture emotions. Architectural character is the true expression of Li people's sincere, warm, kind and simple attitude towards life and values. As a real building, Li folk houses show distinct personality characteristics in function, organic and emotional.

From the design principle, the Li folk houses are based on their own thinking characteristics, the specific natural environment in mountainous areas, and the national lifestyle and psychological customs, which highly summarize and refine the complex living functions and solve the main problems through shielding. The whole building is simple, clear, reasonable and natural. This is the best choice of Li people under severe natural conditions, and it is also the real inevitable product of them under self-sufficient natural economic, social and historical conditions. The organic nature of architecture is a vivid embodiment of the vitality of architecture. For example, "boathouse" is a true reflection of the pursuit of "living building" design concept based on its architectural organic nature.

(B) the traditional totem culture

Li nationality is a nation with a unique history, with only language but no writing. Like many brotherly peoples, it has experienced the development stage of primitive society. It also has a belief system, namely, the worship of totem and the pursuit of beauty. The remains of this totem worship are still manifested in all aspects of real life, which stubbornly affects a nation's character and aesthetic psychology. Judging from the remains of totem worship in Li nationality, the status and role of totem worship and totem in Li nationality's life and production practice are inseparable. In order to show a nation's unique style, self-confidence and self-improvement, the traces of totem worship of the Li nationality are more manifested in national customs and the pursuit of beauty.

The folk customs of Li nationality are rich and colorful. The "March 3rd" festival of the Li nationality and the festival of sacrificing cows in October are no less than the Water-splashing Festival of the Dai nationality in Yunnan. Each branch of Li costume has its own characteristics, with novel patterns, bright colors, elegant rules and unique styles. Whether it is love and marriage, tattooing and embroidering faces, or other life etiquette, they stubbornly show their worship of totems. Although the totem worship of Li nationality is a trace of history, it is still an expression of real world life, not a religious mystery beyond reality.

(3) Aesthetic features of tattoos

In Li society, it is generally believed that female tattoos are feminine beauty and clan virtue. Therefore, women's tattoos not only show their loyalty to their ancestors, but also "blend in" with totems, which also has the sacred significance of clan totems and symbolizes the beauty of women. Therefore, Li women always regard the beauty of totem as their decorative beauty. There are both animal patterns and plant patterns in the facial patterns of tattoo embroidery, and their geometric lines, whether they are straight lines, double lines, curves, round lines or triangles, are very symmetrical, harmonious, generous and beautiful. This pursuit of Li women is not only manifested in tattoos and embroidery on their faces, but also in their textile printing and dyeing process and the carving art of the whole nation.

In primitive society, tattooers endowed it with certain functions, but with the development of society and the improvement of social civilization, the functions of tattooers also have many ambiguities. For example, the Yue people cut off their tattoos to avoid the dragon's injury, but when the fishing tools became advanced and the underwater injury was greatly reduced, the totem significance of the pattern gradually faded. In primitive society, CoCo Lee's tattoo was afraid that it would not be recognized by his ancestors after his death. However, with the passage of time, historical changes and gradual assimilation with the Han nationality, their ideology changed, and their function of seeking good luck and exorcism weakened. On the contrary, the aesthetic significance of decorative and artistic beautification of tattoos has been strengthened and continuously increased, which makes them have high aesthetic value. Tattoo pattern is the basis of analyzing all aesthetic values. No matter for what purpose, the aesthetic function of tattoo pattern is undeniable. From the design concept and the law of formal beauty, the symbolic, simple or complex abstract patterns of Li's tattoos are not tattooed casually, but have certain collocation methods and principles, which are carried out according to certain laws of beauty, that is, the laws and forms of formal beauty ...