Selection and extraction of study couplets: comfort (part two)

If we continue to say "Yi", we will look at the slow life of traditional literati.

Let's look at a pair of Mr. Wang Fuchang ān (1880- 1960):

I know fish is not fun. There are flowers, wine and eyebrows.

This pair of "I know the fish is unhappy, and the wine is smiling" also denies the "dream between the rich and the poor" that seemed to be "tall" in the last class, or at least ignores what "the child is not a fish, the fish is happy" and "the child is not me, I know I don't know the happiness of the fish". Hey-forget it, or "flowers and wine, smile". The comfort in front of you is the most important thing.

There is such a line in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, which also expresses this detached interest:

When Ruan heard the news, Taiwei Wang Yifu saw it and asked, "What's the difference between Laozi and Zhuangzi and Shengjiao?" Right: "Will it make no difference?" Qiu is good at words and turns into a slap. The world is called "three languages". Wei Jie sneered: "A word can be broken, why fake three points?" Zi Xuan said, "If you are the hope of the whole world, you can do it without words. What's fake? " Be friends with each other.

The "three words" here later became the allusions of China culture.

So why did Ruan say "there will be no difference", that is to say, the theories of Laozi and Zhuangzi and Confucius and Mencius "there will be no difference"? Let's analyze it.

We see that the answers to natural science questions are often certain. For example, the law of conservation of energy is applicable in both China and the United States, so the purpose of our natural science is to seek truth. The answer to social science questions is often not unique. For example, a couple who live together may have their own religious beliefs, so the purpose of social science is to seek harmony. Although the theories of Laozi, Zhuangzi and Confucius and Mencius are positive and seemingly incompatible, they are all providing solutions for human group cooperation. In the pursuit of the ultimate goal of harmony, they should be consistent.

So, when we look back at this connection-"I know fish is not fun, and the flowers are full of wine"-it seems to say: Don't be picky about questions that have no unique answer. Instead of arguing and tossing and turning, enjoy life.

Look at the top scholar (1794- 1840):

Nymphs are rewarded everywhere, and calligraphy is antique.

The first part of the book, "Lin Quanshang is everywhere", means-where is there no forest? Where is there no spring? If you want to appreciate nymphs, why are you hiding in the mountains? As long as my heart is at ease, nymphs are everywhere in the world.

The Second Means of "Calligraphy is Imitated with Antique" —— Autobiographies of Xihe Lanting and Huai Su. Beauty is beautiful, but it always belongs to others. Don't always look up to the beauty of ancient books, why not retreat and make a net with the fish in the forest? As long as you have that leisurely mood, you can enjoy it at any time.

Let's look at Mr. Pu Ru (1896- 1963):

Old poetry is muddy and prosperous, and the end of the world is self-dating.

This pair of "old poems are prosperous and prosperous, and the scenery in the end of the world is self-dating", which means that I am old and writing poems is purely an interest and casual thing; My heart is always bright, and the world I see is not beautiful everywhere, and there is no one who is not a good person.

This couplet is a collection of poems by Du Fu. Although these two sentences are Du Fu talking about himself, I think they are more suitable for the indomitable and unhappy Su Dongpo.

We see that when Mr Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote comfortably:

Genpox, on the night of October 12, 2006, took off his clothes and went to bed. He just saw the moonlight on the door and got up happily for a walk. Thinking that there was no one to play with, I went to the Tianhou Palace to find Zhang Huaimin. People didn't sleep, so we walked in the yard together. The courtyard is as empty as water, and the algae and grass in the water are intertwined and covered with bamboo and cypress. What night is there no moonlight? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.

When he was exiled to Huizhou further away, he wrote comfortably:

The hoary head is full of frost and wind, and the pavilion is sick with rattan beds.

Reporter Chun Mianmei, Taoist priest knocks for five minutes.

When he continued to be exiled to Danzhou (Hainan Island), he still wrote comfortably:

Spring cattle spring staff, infinite spring breeze sea. When I went to work in spring, I dyed it pink like meat.

Spring is coming, and the spring breeze wakes you up. Not like the end of the world, but like snowflakes.

In the second part of the couplet, "Tianya custom dates itself" is just right with Mr. Dongpo being demoted to Hainan.

Look at Mr. Zhang Hao (Middle Qing Dynasty):

The rain at night is idle, and when it is sunny, it will imitate the book of the right army.

This adverb "When it rains at night, it is easy to imitate the book of the right army when it is sunny", which means that when it rains at night, you can sing a few poems that you think about and think about to solve your worries; It's sunny during the day, so you can write a few words of Xi to express your feelings. Whether it's rainy or sunny, there's something to send, coke.

Zuo Si mentioned in the first part once wrote the famous Sandu Fu (one for Wei, one for Shu and one for Wu). The well-known "Luoyang paper is expensive" is caused by these three articles of Mr. Zuo. Sir, the following heroic lament seems to be very suitable for rainy nights:

The bottom of the gloomy ravine is loose, leaving seedlings on the mountain.

With an inch in diameter and a rhizome, you can cover the hundred feet.

The world is tall and handsome.

Because of the terrain, the origin is not once.

Borrowed his old job and that seven-leaf Korean mink.

Feng Gong is not Wei, and Bai Shou does not move.

? Let's look at Mr. Jian Jinglun (1888- 1950):

I am good at sending myself to Xiaowen and mocking the fate of love.

The first part of the book "for xiaowen" means-I am human, so I can write articles. I want to write when I am happy, but I want to write when I am unhappy. I always want to express my thoughts, worries and joys. If I don't express my unhappiness or grievances, my heart will be comfortable.

The second couplet "The Fate of Love" means-I have understood the mission entrusted to me by God in this life. I will do what I should do seriously according to God's arrangement.

Excellent self-discipline often needs heteronomy to bless. The "destiny" here is the creation of China culture combining self-discipline with heteronomy. Confucius said, "You know your destiny at fifty". The "heaven" here is just a supernatural other, and he "forces" you to complete the task he gave you.

You see, the theme of our series is "Comfort". Do things according to the sacred "destiny" and your heart will be very "safe". With this sense of security, you can "escape". "Safety" is the self-consistency and premise of belief and psychology, while "escape" is behavior, free play and result.

Max Weber, a western scholar, put forward in Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism that fatalism in Protestant theory is very crucial. It is this "fatalism" that urges individuals in western Christian society to establish an outlook on life of hard work, accumulation of wealth and frugality.

Fatalism was put forward by Calvin, the leader of French Protestantism, which means that "whether you are chosen by God and whether you can go to heaven is decided when you are born". Then some people may say: In that case, why am I fighting? But you see, the beauty of "fate" is here-although reserved, no one knows the answer except God! What you can do is to gain wealth through hard work, thus proving that you have been chosen by God. At the same time, this wealth is only temporarily managed by God. Not only can we not squander it, but we need to continue to work hard to multiply it. This kind of wealth, which can be multiplied, is what we are familiar with as "capital".

You see, this "fatalism" is just like "fatalism", which makes you work hard for capital with peace of mind. Isn't this also "the fate of love"?

Then look at Mr. Qian Huang Zhen (1875- 1944):

If you entertain yourself, you will get drunk, and if you don't know how to play the piano, you will have no strings.

This pair of "a book that amuses yourself will make you drunk, and a book that doesn't know how to play the piano has no strings" can really be described as the laziest and most comfortable state of a scholar:

Write some articles-if you don't feel uncomfortable, make yourself happy, no matter whether others give you praise or not-because "people can only be an end, not a tool."

Have a drink-what's the point of not getting drunk? Isn't that a waste of time and alcohol?

Read for a while-read as much as you can understand and as much as you understand. Didn't the ancients also say that "poetry is meaningless"?

Also, how to play the piano without strings-I don't understand. I'm not putting on airs, as the ancients said a long time ago, "but it's no use playing the piano if you know it's interesting." .

Let's take a look at Mr. He Ji Shao (1799- 1873):

Sometimes, when looking for a sentence, I forget the ink and stone, and I will bring a pot with me when I pay my respects.

This pair of "sometimes I forget the pen and inkstone when I find a sentence, so I will come with you for a pot", which means-you finally figured out a good poem, but forgot where you put the pen and inkstone; As for the hip flask and wine glass, always take it with you, and come at once if you want to drink it.

These two sentences are from Mr. Lu You's poem Xiaopu. The original sentence is "sometimes you bring a pen and inkstone when you look for a sentence." Compared with the two, I still think the above changes are good, and "I forgot my pen and ink inkstone" is more chic. Because good poetry is often obtained unintentionally, it can't be "produced" with a pen and a piece of inkstone.

Look at the top scholar Chen Jichang (179 1- 1849):

Feel free to comment on the price of the piano, but the sound of spring washed my heart.

The first part of this book, Comment on the Price of the Qin and Leave a Monk's Word, comes from the seven laws of Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The original poem is as follows:

The thin frost gate lane is difficult to clear, and the dusk light by the lake is small.

Red with awns to harvest late rice, green bracts to pick new oranges.

Comment on the price of the piano, leave a monk's words, and listen to the pine sound to attract cranes.

Kill the muddy, and the west wind will not touch the jade.

Lu You idled at home in his later years. Although I still have the idea of killing the enemy from time to time (as shown in the last couplet above), on the whole, the old gentleman was in good health and had no worries about food and clothing. Until he died at the age of 86, his life was still very comfortable. This kind of comfort is written in the couplets here.

"Comment on the price of the piano, and listen to the pine sound to lead the crane away", that is, walking in the country, occasionally hearing the piano sound from the temple, discussing the material and workmanship of the piano with the old monks in the past, and talking about how valuable it is; When crossing the pine forest, a crane happened to follow me to enjoy the cool.

Everyone looks at this sentence, "Comment on the price of the piano and leave the monk behind", which seems to be not made up casually, because the probability of this kind of thing happening is extremely low, and it should be the real situation that Mr. Wang met when he went out to play; The "crane" in the next sentence is probably made up for confrontation-because "crane" can express the meaning of "monk".

The word "idle comments on the price of the piano leave a monk's words", a word "idle", writes the feeling of "nothing to find and talk about", otherwise, how can you spend it at home with plenty of time? This kind of mood, you can say that it is extremely boring, and it can also be said that it is very comfortable and casual.

The second book, Only the Sound of Spring Wash the Heart, comes from the upper courtyard of Sulingyan Temple written by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The original poem is as follows:

High in Bai Yue on the green forest, guests go to the monk to stay alone at night.

Blood only needs wine, and all the bells are scattered in Rukoto.

There is nothing vulgar to see, but the sound of spring washes the heart.

I love xiaoting, look east. Taihu Lake is green with smoke.

This poem is about the poet living in Lingyanshan Temple in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. There is no booze, no singing and dancing, no worldly troubles in front of him. Only the sound of spring washes his mind.

The phrase "only the sound of spring washes my heart" may be borrowed from Li Bai's poem. Li Bai once wrote "Listening to Shu Monk Zhuo playing the piano", which was beautifully written:

The sea embraces the land-melodious songs come from the distant Emei Mountain.

When I hear the sound of Matsutani, I wave my hand at will.

I heard him in the clear stream, I heard him in the cold bell.

Unconsciously, dusk enveloped the castle peak, and the autumn clouds were bleak, covering the dusk sky.

Let's take a look at Mr. He Weipu (1842- 1922):

Hang wine on your thin legs and read on your side.

This look of "hanging wine on a thin thread and reading a book on the side" is very lazy and moist-if you don't want to stay at home, just hang out with a bamboo stick and remember to hang a wine gourd; If you're not in the mood for loitering, it's not bad to stay at home and read idle books on a few cases.

He Weipu is the grandson of Mr. He, with scholarly family background and family background. This calligraphy is also quite ancestral.

Look at the top scholar Yao Wentian (1758- 1827):

When the moon falls, the piano is tuned, the wind is relaxed, the bird's nest is held, and the bamboo is painted in the rain.

The first part of the book, "Luo Yue Tunes the Qin", means that people in the dead of night, vines print the moon window, but when playing the piano, they don't have to know each other; "Breeze holds the bird's nest" means that the cool breeze rises from the horizon and the breeze washes away the dust. An old friend came unexpectedly and talked about Qing Xuan.

The "zhǔ" here is a common prop used by celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties. There is such a thing in Shi Shuo Xin Yu:

When the guest asked Leling if his purpose was "impossible", Leling stopped analyzing the sentence and said "impossible" with the handle of his tail. The guest said, "Yes!" Yin Le raised his tail again and said, "If you are here, you have to go?" So the guests became enlightened. Le Yan agreed, the goal is achieved, it's all like this.

This paragraph is really a trick, so stop here. Most people don't know what they are talking about. Here we can see the so-called talk about capital in Wei and Jin dynasties (the meaning of this statement is that interested friends can look it up by themselves).

The "swim bladder" here is the tail of the swim bladder, also called blowing dust. Some people say that this thing can clean the seat like a feather duster; It is also said that there are many mosquitoes in the south (after the eastern Jin Dynasty crossed to the south, most of the northern aristocratic families migrated to the south of the Yangtze River), which can repel mosquitoes. But these specific functions may not be important. The key is to take this as an example, so that we can say that the "big-name fan" of Gao Shi at that time was like a scholar of later generations, who took a folding fan in winter and summer.

The figure in the picture below is holding this tail.

In the second couplet, the meaning of "the painting of banana with snow enlightenment" is-wrapped in green makeup, hitting banana with snow, trying to be on a par with Master Dan Qing; "Bamboo rain cuts poetry" means that it is raining and bamboo smoke is endless. It is best to consider and construct a good article.

Look at this couplet. There are 12 nouns and 4 verbs in the word 16. "Moon" is "falling moon", "wind" is "loose wind", "snow" is "banana snow" and "rain" is "bamboo rain"; The piano should be tuned, the pen should be grasped, the painting should be understood, and the poem should be cut. According to different natural conditions, literati can create matching elegance. It seems that if you want to be comfortable, you must be comfortable first.

There is a saying in the Little Window by Chen Meigong in the Ming Dynasty:

The fragrance is quiet, the wine is far away, the tea is refreshing, the harp is silent, the chess is idle, the swordsman, the staff is light, the cup is elegant, the moon is clear, the bamboo is cold, the flowers are charming, the stone rose, the snow is desolate, the monk is light, the futon is wild, the beauty is pitiful, the landscape is amazing, the book history is rich, and the stone is ancient.

Finally, look at a pair of top students of Xu F incarnation (1836- 1907):

I sat there burning incense and sweeping the floor, and I went home this trip.

"Burning incense, sweeping the floor and sitting" means-leisurely, happy-go-lucky, sweeping the floor and burning incense wherever you go, sitting on the ground and lying flat-talking about metaphysics, writing poems and singing songs. If you have had enough fun and stay, then go back-"I want to have sex with the moon."

Here, the bottom line is about the happiness of Confucius and his disciple Ceng Dian:

? (Ceng Dian) said, "Those who are late in spring have finished their spring clothes, and five or six people are crowned with them, and six or seven are boys. They are bathed in interpretation, and the wind is dancing, singing and returning. "

The master sighed: "I brought some!" " "

(Note: The pictures in this article are all from the Internet. Please leave a message if copyright is involved. )