Excellent Teaching Design of Ailian's Theory

Excellent teaching design of Ailian's Theory Ⅰ. Analysis of learning situation;

Grade eight students have a certain knowledge of classical Chinese, so they can read the text preliminarily with the help of certain knowledge of classical Chinese. Weak rational analysis ability, strong perceptual knowledge and imitation ability. Therefore, we should pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, from the superficial to the deep, stimulate students' interest in learning through various means, cultivate students' learning ability, and use multimedia means to break through important and difficult points and stimulate students' learning initiative.

Second, the teaching design

Teaching objectives:

(1) Knowledge and ability objectives:

1, familiar with the text, dredge the meaning.

2. Do you understand? Say? This style.

(2) Process and method objectives:

1, learn the writing method of combining narrative, lyric and argument.

2. Understand the techniques of positive contrast and negative contrast, and learn the writing skills of expressing your wishes through supporting things.

(3) Emotion, attitude and values:

3. Understand the emotions expressed by the author in the article.

4. Learn the noble character of lotus and cultivate it? Out of the mud and not stained? Good moral sentiment.

Teaching focus:

Learning the combination of narration, lyricism and discussion is the focus of this course.

Teaching difficulties:

Understanding the skills of positive contrast and negative contrast is the difficulty of this course.

Teaching philosophy:

Focusing on reading, the comprehensive application of reading, analyzing, speaking and reciting can cultivate students' reading ability, learn the writing method of expressing ambition and setting off, and learn the noble quality of lotus.

Teaching methods:

Using multimedia to assist teaching.

Teaching time:

One class hour

Teaching steps:

First, import the text.

Play the song Ode to the Lotus and let the students enter the situation. Zhou Dunyi, a famous Neo-Confucianist in the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote The Theory of Ailian. What about the lotus in his works? How did he describe the lotus and express his feelings? Today we will study this article.

Second, introduction? Say? Stylistic knowledge of

? Say? It is a style of argumentative writing, which can directly explain things or discuss reasons, or borrow things or records to discuss reasons.

"Ailian said" is about loving the lotus.

Third, introduce the author.

Zhou Dunyi, also known as Dunshi, was born in Yingdao, Daozhou (now Daoxian, Hunan Province), a famous philosopher in the Song Dynasty, and Yuan Gong, posthumous title (posthumous title, given the title after his death). Tunxi? , the world said? Mr Suixi? . The founder of the school of science. Zhou Dunyi is the author of Zhou Ziquan's book. Zhou Dunyi once opened Lianxi Academy under Lotus Peak, and was called Mr. Lianxi by the world. Lianxi Academy is his lecture platform, and his theory has a great influence on the development of Neo-Confucianism in the future.

Four. background introduction

In the fourth year of Song Xining (A.D. 107 1), Zhou Dunyi, a famous neo-Confucian, came to Xing Zi with Nankang Army. Zhou Dunyi was honest and indifferent, and loved Lian all his life.

After Zhou Dunyi came to Xing Zi, he dug a pond on the east side of Junya and planted all the lotus flowers. When Zhou Dunyi came to Yukiko, he was old (55 years old) and sickly, so whenever he was alone after dinner, he invited friends from the three or five aides to enjoy flowers and tea in Chi Pan and wrote a well-known essay "Love Lotus". Although The Story of Ailian is short, it has been told by people all the time.

Verbs (short for verb) organize activities.

(a) listen to the lotus said:

Listen to the text and read it aloud.

(2) read lotus:

1, let the students read after the teacher.

2. Read by name, correct pronunciation, show pictures of new words and read new words.

3. Read the text by yourself.

4. Read the text together.

5. Translate the text in groups and attach comments.

(3) spell:

A Beauty of Pinlian: (Students cooperate to explore and raise their hands to answer. )

Transition: Lotus is very beautiful. Where is the beauty? Let's look at the text "Ailian Shuo" first. Which paragraph of the article should we write? lotus

1 Read the first paragraph:

Teacher: What is the image of the lotus in this paragraph? There are two most famous sentences in this paragraph. Can you guess which ones?

Health: the mud comes out without dye, and it is clear and not evil.

2. Teacher: Is the lotus flower showing off because it is beautiful? Write the characteristics of the lotus corresponding to these two sentences.

Health: if you don't follow the crowd, you won't be spoiled naturally.

3. teacher:? Medium? Inside. What's it like inside? Have you ever seen the stem of a lotus? What is the character of lotus written by explants?

Health: Internal connection.

4. Teacher: The vine is a kind of plant. Its characteristic is that it is not high, but if there are climbing plants nearby, it will climb very high. Is there such a person in life?

Health: Yes, people who are attached to powerful people. Is Lian like this? number

5. Teacher: Xiang Qing, what is the word lotus written in this sentence?

Health: The reputation is far-reaching.

6. Teacher: Are you planting in Mannet? Pavilion? What is Lian's posture when drawing a picture?

Health: behave well.

7. Teacher: You can watch from a distance and don't be ridiculous. Infer the meaning of the word absurd from the context. What are the characteristics of the lotus written in this sentence?

Health: Self-esteem and self-love are admirable.

8. Teacher: From what aspects did the author describe the lotus?

Health: Write the beautiful image of lotus from three aspects: growth environment, body fragrance and manner.

9. Read the first paragraph together, pay attention to rhyme when reading, and read the sustain. The author described the lotus in such detail. Does he just like the shape of the lotus? (group discussion)

Health: No!

The teacher concluded: Lotus is the embodiment of a gentleman, and there must be similarities between them. ? Out of the mud and not stained? Just now we said that silt is the growth environment of lotus, so what is the living environment of the corresponding gentleman? Dirty and dark feudal society. Since the lotus can emerge from the mud without being stained, so can a gentleman. Although he lives in a dark and dirty society, he can't go along with the world. Isn't Lian a demon? Pure and natural, not seductive, straight outside? Know your heart and be honest? Don't cling to the powerful, Xiang yuanqing? Famous and personable. Dignified manners can be seen from a distance, but not for fun? Self-respect and self-love are admirable. We say that only with these seven noble qualities can we call them noble qualities? Gentleman? . ?

10, Teacher: Through this painting, we can know what kind of expression the author used here.

Health: Take things and express your wishes.

The beauty of prose:

1 1. Teacher: This article is about the lotus. Why write chrysanthemums and peonies? (Students discuss and answer)

This is the way to start. The author uses chrysanthemums and peonies to set off lotus flowers, which more implicitly and prominently expresses the main idea of the article and the author's thoughts and feelings. Writing chrysanthemums is a positive contrast, beautiful, and red flowers must be set off by green leaves. Chrysanthemum is not afraid of cold, proud of frost and snow, and noble in character. He is also a hermit in a flower, unwilling to go with the flow of the world, extraordinary and free from vulgarity, in line with Tao Yuanming's attitude towards life. Similar to Lian's personality, the author holds an appreciation attitude; ; Writing peony is a contrast. Peony is elegant and people have always regarded it as a symbol of wealth. The world loves peonies very much? Explain that the world is greedy for money and fame. This attitude towards life is negative and contemptuous. Peony is written to set off the gentleman image of lotus from the opposite side.

12, let's take the understanding of words and authors. Out of the mud and not stained? Respect noble quality and recite the text deeply.

13, summary:

The first paragraph begins with a general introduction, and then describes the lotus. The second paragraph is the author's original point of view. The first three sentences constitute parallelism, which is the writing method of discussion, followed by? Hey! ? The beginning of the word is a lyric text. The full text is only 1 19, which integrates narration, explanation, description, discussion and lyricism. Is it worth it? Say? Fashion boutique.

14, let's imitate the author's method of expressing feelings with lotus flowers. I especially like it? Sentence patterns To say a word, what you borrow is not limited to flowers and trees, so you should pay attention to internal connection and originality.

Teacher (taking the lead): I especially like peonies. Throughout the ages, it has always been derogatory for literati to write peony, which I think is quite unfair. When the dew of spring breeze evokes the blooming of flowers, peony, as the king of flowers, is undoubtedly the most beautiful. Like an elegant lady, she has a dignified beauty. Everyone has a love of beauty, so why belittle it? What's more, peony originated in the Sui Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty, which happened to be the most prosperous period in the history of the Chinese nation, so in people's minds, peony is a symbol of the country's prosperity and security. Today, peony and unyielding and proud plum blossom have become the candidate flowers in China. Can peony be a candidate flower if it does not have its own advantages? So, I love peony.

Health: I especially like plum blossoms. Plum blossom is the symbol of the Chinese nation. It is not afraid of cold, the spirit of fighting frost and snow, and its elegant and noble image. Many Chinese sons and daughters have indomitable plum blossom spirit. Plum blossoms equal indomitable pine trees and graceful bamboo? Three friends at the age of cold? ; Plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum? Four gentlemen? Headed by mei. A poem "Plum Blossom" written by Wang Anshi? There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone. I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming. ? Praise the indomitable spirit of plum blossom with tenacious vitality. Therefore, I like plum blossom, and I prefer the spirit of plum blossom.

15, slide show, let students accumulate and recite the lotus flowers written by literati in past dynasties.

The delicate lotus flower bud shows a sharp corner from the water, and a naughty little dragonfly stands on its head.

Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun. Song Yang Wanli

The lotus didn't shelter from the rain, and the chrysanthemum still had Ao Shuang's branches. Song sushi

The girl who picked the lotus put the girl who picked the lotus into the lotus leaf, as if the color was the same, and the girl's face was hidden in the blooming lotus, which reflected each other. Don Wang Changling

Autumn cloudy frost flies late, leaving residual lotus to listen to the rain. Don

Twist the lotus and peel the lotus seeds, the dew is delicious, and the moon is fragrant. Song sushi

Only violet and red violet can open and close, which is childish. Don

What beautiful flowers! This flower is really suitable for Yaochi. Don Lu Guimeng

The moving boat splashes green, and the handle of the wind leans against the sill. Tangzhenggu

Like the lotus of water, it has the nature of nature. Tang Libai

Autumn, autumn Nantang, she is holding a lotus seed, and the lotus grows taller. yuefu folk songs

Teacher: I sorted out these poems about lotus flowers and expanded my knowledge. Please continue to organize and accumulate related poems after class.

Distribution of intransitive verbs

Based on your unique understanding of the four gentlemen of Mei, Lan, Zhu and Ju, try to express your ambition by imitating the writing style of Ailian, and write a poem "Mei Zan" praising Mei Ao's frost and snow, or a poem "Zhu Shuo" about bamboo by modest honest and frank.

Seven. Reflections on the Teaching of "Ailian Theory"

In the previous classroom teaching, teachers taught and students learned. The teacher is the main body of the class, and the students just passively follow the teacher. In this class, I changed my mind: let students learn and discover by themselves. First of all, I played the song "Ode to the Lotus" to let the students enter the scene. Then, learn the text Listen to the tape first, then repeat after the tape. Then students can read aloud freely. If they find unfamiliar words and difficult sentences, they can ask them. Students put forward three words that can't be read correctly: Is it fresh? Some students correct their pronunciation in class. A difficult sentence: throw the only love out of the mud without being stained? I'll read it aloud and everyone will understand. Then I translate the text against my notes. If you don't understand, draw first and ask questions later. This step takes a little longer and students ask more questions. But most of the problems can be solved by students themselves, and few problems can be solved by me.

Analyzing a gentleman's character from the image of lotus, students can basically sum it up through group cooperative learning. The foil function of chrysanthemum and peony is a difficult point in this course. I guide students to say that they use foil technique first, and then make a comparison in time. This technique is used to highlight the noble quality of lotus.

As for the writing of holding something to express your wishes, I use: especially like it? Sentence patterns are realized by saying a paragraph, and many students can say whatever they like.

In this class, students have a solid preview and can think with their own minds and find problems. Students are relaxed and free, and their subjective initiative has been fully exerted, which makes me realize that only teachers serving students is the fundamental change of teaching thought.

The second teaching goal of the excellent teaching design of Ailian Theory;

1, understand the noble character of lotus.

2. Understand the writing of will expression.

Teaching focus:

Guide students to study independently, explore and understand the noble character of lotus and the writing method of expressing their wishes in the article.

Teaching content and steps:

First, import the text.

Lotus is also called lotus and hibiscus. Throughout the ages, I don't know how many people have described and praised it and expressed their feelings as a symbol of noble character. In Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus Theory" is a masterpiece of chanting lotus. Today we will study this article with * * *.

Second, solve problems and reveal learning objectives.

The title of the article is "Ailian said". ? Love? Expressed the author's feelings. Lotus? Is the main body of this article. Say? What does this mean?

Clear:? Say? It is a style that can explain things, or make comments or record things. ? Say? This style can flexibly use the expressions of explanation, narration and discussion, and emphasize discussion. So what does the title mean? Can be understood as? Talk about Aileen's truth? Or? Talk about Aileen's truth? What's the reason why he loves lotus flowers? Let's read the text. Please listen to the tape first and pay attention to the pronunciation and tone of the sentence. Are there any new words you don't know? But I still want to emphasize here. Fresh? It should be pronounced xi. n)

After listening to it again, we initially understood that in this article, the author expressed his feelings and explained the truth by writing lotus, which is a writing method based on things. To learn this kind of articles, we must first understand the meaning of entrusted things; Second, we should understand how the author grasps things and expresses his will. These two points are exactly the goals of our study of this text. Now, please read the text together and read the pronunciation correctly.

(Comment: I read neatly and smoothly this time, but I didn't read the charm. )

Third, guide reading aloud.

1, the reading method of classical Chinese is a little different from that of modern Chinese. Read the charm of classical Chinese, so read it slowly, slowly:

For example:? Give the only love lotus the mud without dyeing? Words not only connect the upper and lower tones, but also make the whole sentence slow and rhythmic. What else is the same? Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. ? Experience it.

2, but also read cadence. ? If you don't touch the mud, you won't be evil. ? When reading, you should have a sense of frustration, depression and promotion, and read the rhythm and charm. ? Don't dye, are you a demon? ,? Dyeing? And then what? Demon? One yang and one suppression, experience it.

There are some parallelism sentences in the text. When reading, you should gradually strengthen your tone and read out the momentum. Ask a classmate to read the parallelism sentence in the second paragraph.

After we have mastered the method of reading aloud, we will read the text together, this time it is the charm.

Fourth, read the text by yourself and make clear the meaning of the text.

It is interesting to read this time, but to read better, we must fully understand the content of the text and grasp the author's feelings. Next, everyone is free to read notes quietly or silently, understand the meaning of sentences, read the text and discuss difficult problems before and after. The time is five minutes.

It's time, understand? If you have any questions, please ask. )

Ok, we understand the content of the text. Let's try to understand why the author loves lotus flowers so much. Please find out the sentences that describe the lotus in detail. (read together)

V. Learning the text

(1) Understand the noble character of lotus.

1. What aspects does the author describe the lotus? What qualities has the lotus been endowed with?

Characteristics endowed by descriptive angle sentences

Clear: growth environment (no demon)-noble and simple.

Body, fragrance (in the light)-integrity, fragrance.

Manner (the pavilion is ridiculous)-lofty

2. Summary: Every sentence of these descriptions is written in lotus flowers, and every sentence is a metaphor. He not only wrote the beautiful face and fragrant temperament of the lotus, but also vividly and perfectly described her noble character, beautiful sentiment and decent manners, fully expressing the author's praise for the lotus. This is why the author loves Lian.

Please read these sentences together and pay attention to the author's praise. (It depends on my feelings this time.)

(2) Understanding and using? Chrysanthemum and? Peony? The role of positive contrast and negative contrast.

Transition: The author mainly describes and praises the lotus, but why did he write chrysanthemums and peonies at the beginning? What is this for?

This is a way to set off, with? Chrysanthemum and? Peony? To set off the lotus.

1, analysis? Chrysanthemum sets off the role.

Who loves chrysanthemums? What kind of person is Tao Yuanming? We have studied his Peach Blossom Spring and know who he is. Don't worry about money, don't worry about money? A nobleman unwilling to go along with the ruling class.

Teacher: The author wrote that Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone, in order to praise his disapproval of worldly noble quality. Using chrysanthemums to foil lotus flowers is also using Tao Yuanming to foil himself.

2. analysis? Peony? The role of contrast.

However, since the Jin Dynasty, few feudal literati have been able to live a clean and honest life. Since Li Tang came, the world loves peonies. Why?

Because peony is colorful and charming, it symbolizes wealth. In other words, the world is pursuing wealth. Is the author willing to be as greedy as the world? There is a word in the article that can well reflect the author's feelings. (independence)

Teacher: The author wrote about the world's love for peony, which set off the noble quality of lotus from the opposite side, thus showing his attitude towards life.

(3) Understand how the author uses things to describe people and express feelings.

Transition: The above is the part of writing lotus, that is, supporting things, but the article supporting things and expressing aspirations is not the fundamental purpose, but praising people through the description of supporting things. Similarly, the author of "On Love Lotus" did not write lotus for the fundamental purpose, but used lotus to praise people. Please look at the second paragraph.

1. As far as expression is concerned, the first paragraph focuses on narration and description. What about the second paragraph?

Discuss, which word can be reflected in the text?

Lyrics, which word has been suggested in the text?

The author uses things as metaphors to express people's feelings. Compare chrysanthemums to what? Does the author fully appreciate Tao Yuanming's reclusive attitude towards life? (No) What the author appreciates is that Tao Yuanming does not agree with the secular personality, but what feelings does the author show more about his seclusion? (sorry)

Peony, what does the author compare it to? What emotion does the author show about the world's greed for wealth? (contempt)

On the other hand, Lotus is compared to a gentleman by the author. What feelings do you show for lotus? (like)

3. Pay attention to the author's different views and feelings about these three kinds of flowers, and read the second paragraph with feelings. Pay attention when reading.

A, is there an exclamation point in the text? Hey? When reading aloud, you should lengthen your voice.

B, the last three sentences use three different sentence patterns to express the author's inner complex emotions.

? The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. ? What sentence pattern is it? The declarative sentence should be read in a level tone, and the stress of this sentence should be placed. Fresh? About this word, should it be reading? Regret? Tone.

? Lotus love, who is the giver? When interrogative sentences are read aloud, you should use a rising tone.

? Peony love is suitable for all ages! ? What sentence pattern is it? Use a falling tone when reading exclamations. Despise? Tone.

Prepare for reading

4. Summary: This part is said by the author. The author doesn't want to be a hermit like Tao Yuanming, and he doesn't want to be greedy for money like the world. At that time, in the muddleheaded world, he took the lotus as a metaphor and was determined to be a gentleman. It's really commendable. No wonder he can write such an immortal masterpiece.

Six, guide students to recite quickly according to the context of blackboard writing.

Now, everyone closes their books. Can you recite this text according to the prompts on the blackboard? Try to learn Ailian Theory by heart.

Seven, summarize the full text.

1, student summary

At this point, we have finished learning Zhou Dunyi's famous works. What have you gained from content, writing and learning methods?

From this, we learned the noble, refined, straight and pure character of lotus. In writing, I understand the way the author expresses his feelings with lotus flowers. In addition, the use of metaphor, personification and parallelism, the use of comparison and contrast, the changes of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences and exclamatory sentences, the organic combination of narration, discussion and lyric, and the washing and practicing of words are all worth learning from. In learning methods, we should pay attention to reading aloud and reading aloud.

2. Teacher's summary

Students, Zhou Dunyi praised Lotus as a gentleman. Of course, he has original ideas and the characteristics of his time, but his contempt for greed and wealth and his admiration for noble aspirations still have positive educational significance for us. We should maintain noble sentiments and be an upright person like Lian.

Eight, homework

1, imitate examples and make sentences by ideographic method.

Example: I love lotus, because it emerges from the mud, without being defiled, just like a noble gentleman, with lofty integrity and noble personality.

Sentence: I love candles, because they burn themselves to illuminate others, just like obscurity, willing to be a willing teacher.

2. Recite and write the text skillfully.

Nine, blackboard writing design

Ailian said.

Tao Yuanming loves chrysanthemums alone (as a foil). The hermit regretted it.

The world loves peonies (contrast). The rich despise peonies.

Praise those gentlemen who love lotus flowers alone.

Hold something to express your wishes.