How can we grow Chuhong kiwifruit with high quality and high yield?

Does kiwifruit know? King of Vc? Chuhong kiwifruit is no exception. Because of its rich flavor and good taste, and the red heart pulp is a major feature, it is very popular with consumers. In planting, Chuhong kiwifruit is especially loved by fruit farmers because of its early maturity, vigorous growth and large fruit yield. So how can we get high yield by planting Chuhong kiwifruit? Below I will talk about the cultivation techniques of high quality and high yield of Chuhong kiwifruit in detail.

The first is to establish Chuhong Kiwifruit Garden.

When building the garden, it is required that there is no pollution source within 5000 meters around, and the location of building the garden should be flat, with deep soil layer, loose sandy loam or sandy soil, good ventilation and good water supply and drainage conditions. Garden construction should avoid low-lying land and plots with high groundwater level.

Second, plant rootstocks.

Chuhong kiwifruit is cultivated by first planting rootstock seedlings and then grafting. Wild kiwifruit is chosen to plant rootstock seedlings in autumn, because the roots of the seedlings are developed and the stress resistance is good. Friends who are planting for the first time can buy rootstock seedlings at the seedling base. Select rootstock seedlings with strong and developed roots, height above 60 cm and root diameter above 0.8 cm for planting.

Before planting, dig planting holes with a depth of 60-80 cm and a diameter of 60-80 cm, and fill each hole with 5- 10 kg of green manure. At the same time, apply 10 kg decomposed high-quality farmyard manure, and then fill the soil to 10 cm above the ground. Cut off the leaves at the top of the rootstock seedlings and carefully check the roots of the seedlings, and cut off the damaged roots.

Third, build a scaffold.

Because Chuhong Kiwifruit is a perennial plant, it needs to build a durable scaffold after planting. Commonly used scaffolding has T-frame and large scaffolding.

T-frame: The column of the T-frame is about 2.5 ~ 2.8m long, buried 0.8m in the soil and1.7 ~ 2m high from the ground. A 2-meter truss is set at the top of the column, with both ends 1 meter. A column is set every 6 meters, and the row spacing is 4~5 meters. A wire is pulled on the truss every 50 cm. The advantage of T-frame is that the cost is relatively low. Large scaffolding: Large scaffolding is a long truss built on columns. Usually, a horizontal support is built by using the pillars of the whole land, and a wire is pulled every 50 cm. Large scaffolding has better bearing capacity and larger area than T-frame. Growers can choose their own scaffolding according to their actual situation.

4. Grafting.

Graft Chuhong Kiwifruit next spring. Grafting is carried out around mid-March, which can enhance the excellent characters of plants and increase the yield.

1, select the scion.

Scions should be collected from Chuhong kiwifruit trees with pure varieties, strong growth, no pests and diseases and good yield, and annual branches with high lignification and full buds should be cut. The collection of scions can be combined with autumn shearing, and the cut scions should be sorted immediately, then buried in wet fine sand for later use, and then taken out when grafting.

2. Grafting method

The grafting method of Chuhong kiwifruit mostly adopts single bud splitting. First, cut the rootstock 20~30 cm off the ground, select the scion with the same diameter as the rootstock, cut it into small pieces of 10 cm, then cut off the cortex on both sides of the bottom end, the section is 2~3 cm long, and the xylem is exposed to the depth until a wedge shape is formed. Cut a knife vertically downward from the center of the top of the rootstock, the depth is slightly longer than the section of the scion, then insert the scion, align with their cambium, and wrap it with plastic grafting film.

Because Chuhong kiwifruit is dioecious, a certain number of male trees should be equipped when grafting, and the ratio of male to female is usually 8: 1. Moshan 4 has the same flowering period as the female variety, with long flowering period, large amount of flowers and strong affinity for pollen, so it can be selected as a male tree.

3. Unbind and remove the bud

3~4 weeks after grafting, kiwifruit scion buds can germinate. At this time, it is necessary to do a good job of unbinding and sprouting, and remove the film used for binding in time. If the rhizome at the base has sprouted, it must be wiped off to avoid wasting nutrition and affecting normal growth. After the grafting survives, it enters the young tree management.

V. Young Tree Management

The young tree period takes about 2 years. In addition to daily management, a complete tree structure should be cultivated in the young tree period.

1, tree cultivation

How to cultivate a complete tree is also the focus of management. The tree with single stem and two arms is the best one, which has good sealing, transparent ventilation and is beneficial to high yield.

When the young trees grow to 60-80 cm high, bamboo poles can be inserted next to the plants, and the plants can be tied to the plants to help the young trees grow. With the extension of branches, they can be tied and pulled in time. In the first year of the young tree period of Actinidia chinensis, select a robust new branch from the sprouted new branches, keep one as the trunk, erase all sprouted buds during the growth process, and keep it growing upward all the time.

When the trunk of young trees is about 2 meters long, it should be cut short at 180 cm to promote the germination of lower branches. After the branch germinates, choose to leave a healthy branch on the left and right sides of the top for culture, so that it becomes two arms, that is, the main branch. With the growth of the main vine, in the later stage, a robust mother bud is selected as the fruiting mother branch every 25-30 cm on both sides of the main vine for culture, and the rest are smoothed.

In winter, we should do a good job of cold protection, bury 25~30 cm of soil in the roots of plants, and bind them to trees with corn stalks or straw at the same time, and remove the bound straw in time the next spring. In the second year, when the bearing branch grows to more than 60 cm, it should be trimmed properly to promote the germination of bearing branches, and appropriate bearing branches should be left according to the growth situation. By the end of the year, the single-stem, double-armed tree had a trunk and two main vines, and at the same time, it was equipped with appropriate fruiting branches, and a high-yield tree was basically formed.

2. Rational fertilization

Fertilize the young trees of Chuhong Kiwifruit in time to ensure adequate nutrition.

First year of young tree period: Fertilization in young tree period should be topdressing diammonium phosphate once in July and August of the year of grafting, with 0.2 ~ 0.3kg per plant. After fertilization, water must be poured to promote plant growth. The second young tree stage: increase the amount of fertilization. Fertilize once in May and August, and apply 15: 15: 15 ternary compound fertilizer to each plant. After fertilization, the soil should be covered tightly. Step 3 plant grass in the orchard

In order to make full use of the land, we can interplant some low plants in the young tree period, or plant grass in the orchard. We can choose a plant called Dryopteris, which belongs to the genus Vicia and Panicum in Leguminosae and can be used as feed for livestock and poultry. When interplanting, it can be sown in autumn or spring, and the nodules of Dryopteris Dryopteris also have biological nitrogen fixation. Cut the grass regularly during the growing season, so that the cut grass can be used as green manure. Can increase soil fertility and promote the growth of young trees.

4. Water management

Combined with the characteristics of strong drought resistance and general waterlogging tolerance of kiwifruit Chuhong, the relative soil water content should not be less than 55% in the growing season, and the irrigation times can be determined according to the drought and waterlogging conditions. In the hot and dry season, especially in June-August, irrigation should be carried out in time. In case of continuous rainfall, attention should be paid to drainage to prevent the occurrence of root rot.

Sixth, the management of the full fruit period.

Chuhong kiwifruit can bear fruit in the third year after grafting, and the average yield per mu is about 1000 kg. In the sixth year, it entered the high-yield period, and the yield per mu could reach more than 3000 kilograms. And the fruit life of fruit trees is more than 20 years. Of course, if you want to get high yield, you must manage the flowering and fruiting period well.

1, germination period

In the middle and late March, during the germination period of Chuhong kiwifruit, 1 times germination fertilizer was applied around the roots, and 0.5 kg urea was applied to each plant, so that the soil was densely covered. In order to promote the dissolution and absorption of fertilizer after fertilization, it is best to water it again.

2. Flowering management

At the beginning of April, after budding, there were many buds, in order to avoid the loss and waste of nutrients in the tree. The first job is to sparse buds.

(1) Sparse buds

When thinning buds, the stunted buds, the buds of diseases and insect pests and the buds at the top of fruiting branches are thinned, and 3-5 buds are left in each fruiting branch, and flowers begin to bloom after thinning.

② Artificial pollination

Because the pollen of Xiongshu Moshan No.4 is large and sticky, the wind propagation distance is limited, and natural pollination is not good, so artificial pollination is needed. In addition, artificial pollination can increase the number of kiwifruit seeds and make the fruit taste better. At the same time, fruit trees can also produce fruits with relatively uniform size and specifications, thus improving the degree of commercialization.

The time of artificial pollination is generally 1~2 days after flowering. The first method of artificial pollination is flower-to-flower pollination. After the male flowers open, collect the newly opened male flowers and gently smear them on the stigma of the female flowers with the stamens of the male flowers. Generally, each male flower can pollinate 6-7 female flowers. Another method is to use a pollen machine to suck pollen from half-opened or just-opened male flowers, and then collect the pollen into a cup, dip it with a brush and smear it on the stigma of female flowers.

3. Fruit management

The period from fruit setting after flowering to harvest is the stage of fruit management.

(1), fruit fertilizer

After flowering, balanced compound fertilizer (15: 15) with total nutrients not less than 45% should be applied in time, with 0.3~0.5 kg per plant. After fertilization, the soil is tightly covered, providing necessary nutrients for later fruits.

② Water management

After fruit setting, Kiwifruit in Chuhong requires higher water content. Drought is easy to cause fruit drop. Generally, the relative water content of soil should not be lower than 65%. When the leaves of plants appear dry in the morning, they need to be watered once. In case of high temperature weather, the fruit trees should be watered in time to reduce the influence of high temperature on fruit growth.

③ Fruit thinning and fruit setting.

The fruit setting rate of Chuhong kiwifruit is very high, and the physiological fruit drop is very few. If there is too much fruit left, the quality of ripe fruit will be reduced. Therefore, we must pay attention to fruit thinning and ensure the supply of nutrients when planting, so that the quality of Chuhong kiwifruit will be better.

The fruit thinning time should be 2~3 weeks after the flower withers. First, thin the deformed small fruits with poor fertilization, thin the base fruits, and keep the middle and upper fruits, 20~30 per square meter.

④ Fruit-promoting fertilizer

In early June, Chuhong Kiwifruit entered the rapid growth period. Supplementing more potassium fertilizer can improve the quality of fruit and make up for the lack of nutrition in the growing period of fruit. Plant ash is used for fertilizing around the root system, with 0.3kg per plant. At the same time, it promotes the rapid growth of fruits.

In mid-June, organic fertilizer was applied once to increase the content of soil organic matter by 5~ 10 kg per fruit tree. There is a great demand for organic matter in fruit expansion period, and organic matter in soil is also a very important factor to determine fruit quality.

Early July is the peak season for the fruit growth of Chuhong Kiwifruit. The whole garden is watered with biogas slurry, which is made by mixed fermentation of cow dung, rabbit dung and chicken dung. It can increase the organic matter in the soil, and its aqueous solution is easily absorbed by fruit trees, which is both quick-acting and slow-acting. Biogas slurry can make fruit trees grow stronger and have better fruit quality.

⑤ Bagging

Bagging should be carried out after applying biogas slurry. Fruit bagging can reduce external damage to fruits, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and improve the quality of fruits. The fruit bag needed for bagging is a single-layer wood pulp paper bag with good air permeability, low water absorption and soft paper. There are two air holes at the bottom of the fruit bag. Is the paper bag size 165? 1 15mm。 When bagging, avoid damaging the fruit, and finish bagging within 5~ 10 days.

After bagging, the whole garden can be watered with biogas slurry again, and there is basically no need for management in the later stage.

Seven, harvesting

Red kiwifruit will gradually mature in the middle and late August. Tear off the paper bag before harvesting 1 week and let the fruit be exposed to sunlight, thus increasing the sugar content of the fruit. After a long growth process, it can be harvested from late August to early September. It can be measured that the soluble solid content of fruit determines whether to harvest, and when the soluble solid content reaches above 6.5%, it can be harvested. When picking, handle it carefully to avoid damaging the fruit.

Kiwifruit also has a post-ripening process after harvest. After storage at room temperature for 7~ 10 days, the after-ripening will be better. Chuhong Kiwifruit is generally storable, and generally begins to rot and deteriorate in 15 days at room temperature. Therefore, it should be stored in cold storage, the temperature is 2~4℃, and the relative humidity is above 95%, which can be stored for about 40 days.

Eight, post-harvest management

After a year of growth, trees consume a lot of nutrients. Before the soil was frozen, kiwifruit was used as the base fertilizer, and about 50 kilograms of farm manure was applied to each fruit tree to supplement soil nutrients and improve the nutrient accumulation of trees, so as to prepare for next year's production.

Of course, you can't prune the branches and leaves of kiwifruit in the peak season. After the fruit is picked, it should be pruned in autumn to cut off weak branches, dead branches, insect branches, cross branches, overlapping branches and dense branches. Only in this way can you give Chuhong Kiwifruit a broader and better growth space and lay the foundation for its vigorous growth in the coming year.

The cold resistance of Chuhong kiwifruit is poor. Before winter, corn stalks or straw are used to bind trees to protect fruit trees from the cold.

Chuhong kiwifruit has strong adaptability and can be introduced and planted in many areas. Its biggest advantages are high output, early maturity, staggered listing, higher market price and more remarkable economic benefits. With the popularization of varieties, it is hoped that more and more fruit farmers will get better benefits.