An ancient poem "Su Xinshi Tuogong Store"

Yang Wanli

Hedges are sparse and deep,

The flowers at the top of the tree are not shady.

The children chased Huang Die,

Flying into cauliflower is nowhere to be found.

[Notes]

1. Xinshi Xugongdian: place name.

2. Hedging down: fence.

3. Path: Path.

4. Yin: The leaves are lush and dense.

5. hurry: run.

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[Brief analysis]

This is a poem describing the rural scenery in late spring, which gives us a picture of children flapping butterflies in spring.

The first two sentences, "the hedge is sparse and deep, and the flowers on the tree head are not shaded", point out the background of children catching butterflies. There are sparse fences and deep paths here. There are some trees near the fence, and the petals are falling from the branches one by one, and the young leaves are not yet turbid. Fences and paths point out that this is the countryside; "Flowers fall before they turn cloudy" and "cauliflower" in the sentence indicate that it is late spring season.

The last two sentences, "Children chase after Huang Die and fly into cauliflower, and there is nowhere to be found", turn the crayon to the center of the picture and depict the happy scene of children catching butterflies. "Catch up" and "catch up" mean to run fast and catch up quickly. These two verbs are very vivid, vividly depicting children's innocent and lively, curious and competitive manner and psychology. And "flying into cauliflower is nowhere to be found" will suddenly turn the moving lens into stillness. The word "nowhere to be found" left readers room for imagination and aftertaste, as if a child who was at a loss in the face of a golden cauliflower appeared in front of us.

This poem is simple, natural and vivid by using the technique of line drawing. Yang Wanli, an honest official, was once hated by traitors. After being removed from office, he lived in a village for a long time. He is very familiar with rural life, and his description of nature is very touching and interesting.

Su Xinshi xugong branch

Lin Sheng

Outside the castle peak building outside the mountain,

When does the West Lake Dance stop?

Warm wind intoxicated tourists,

Directly do Bianzhou in Hangzhou.

[Notes]

1. Lin 'an: the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.

2. domicile: inn, hotel.

3. Bianzhou: Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province).

[Brief analysis]

This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an.

In AD 1 126, the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong. The territory of the Central Plains was completely occupied by the Jin people. Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Instead of accepting the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers did not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but begged for peace, surrendered to the outside world, and brutally persecuted Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure. This poem is written for this dark reality. It pours out the indignation pent up in the hearts of the broad masses of people, and also expresses the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the nation.

The first two sentences of the poem are "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Seize the characteristics of Lin 'an City: overlapping green hills, rows of terraces, endless lights and songs and dances, and write down a false picture of prosperity and peace in that year. The poet touched the scene and couldn't help but sigh: "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" When will these lewd songs and dances by Xizi Lake, which kill people's fighting spirit against gold, stop?

The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk. "Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and people. At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.

This poem is cleverly conceived and phrased: cynicism is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive. It is indeed a masterpiece in fable poetry.