What is the main content of Han Yu's Shi Shuo?

The main contents of each paragraph of the text on Teachers:

The first paragraph: discuss the role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers and the criteria for selecting teachers.

The second paragraph: use the method of positive and negative contrast to criticize the bad atmosphere of "being ashamed to follow the teacher"

The third paragraph: give historical examples to demonstrate the truth of taking the capable as a teacher.

The fourth paragraph: Praise Li Pan for "being able to walk the ancient road" and explain the reasons for writing Shi Shuo.

Original text:

Shi Shuo (Han Yu)

Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.

Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! The teacher's way is unknown. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!

Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.

Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

Translation:

In ancient times, people who studied and asked questions must have teachers. Teachers are people who teach truth, impart professional knowledge and solve difficult problems. People are not born to understand reason, who can have no problems? If you have a problem but don't ask the teacher for advice, those problems that become difficult will not be solved after all. Born in front of me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I followed him and regarded him as a teacher. Born behind me, he understood the truth before me, so I learned from him. I study truth. Who cares if he was born before or after me? Therefore, regardless of status and age, where there is truth, there is a teacher.

Alas! The tradition of learning from teachers has not been inherited for a long time, so it is difficult for people to have no problems! Ancient saints far exceeded the average person, but they still followed the teacher for advice; Ordinary people nowadays are not as far away as saints, but it is a shame to learn from teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools. People love their children and choose teachers to teach them; For myself, refusing to learn from teachers is really confusing. Those children's teachers are teachers who teach children to read and learn sentences from books, not teachers who teach truth and explain difficult problems as I said. If you don't know the sentences in the book, you can learn from the teacher. You can't explain the difficult question, but you don't ask the teacher. You learn small things and discard big things. I don't see how they understand reason. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen of all kinds don't think it's embarrassing to learn from each other. As soon as this kind of person who studies and is an official hears that someone is commensurate with "teacher" and "student", many people gather together to laugh at others. Asked why they did this, they said, "He is about the same age as him, and he has about the same knowledge. It is shameful to say that people with low status are teachers and people with high status are teachers, which is close to flattery. " Alas! The tradition of learning from teachers cannot be restored, as can be seen from here. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all looked down upon by the so-called elite. Isn't it strange that those "elites" are not as wise as these people now?

A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius in morality. Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them can be my teacher." So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students. Knowing the truth is the first priority, and the skills business has its own research and expertise, but that's all.

Pan, the son of the Li family, is seventeen years old this year. He likes ancient Chinese. He learned all the classics and annotations of the Six Classics, and was not bound by customs. He came to learn from me. I praised him for practicing the ancient method of learning from teachers and wrote this "Teacher's Talk" as a gift to him.