Who were the famous people in ancient times?

Zi (former 55 1- former 479) was named Qiu, a Chinese character, and the English name was Confucius. Ranked second in China, so some people call it Kong Er, the Luhan people in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Lu (now Luyuan Village in the southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) was born in Changping Township on September 28th, 5565438 BC (August 27th of the lunar calendar). He died on April 1 1 day (February 11th of the lunar calendar) in 479 BC at the age of 72 and was buried in Surabaya, north of Qufu, Kong Lin.

His ancestors were aristocrats in the Song Dynasty, and they declined several generations before Confucius. Confucius worked as a small official several times when he was young, but spent most of his life in education. According to legend, he has as many as 3,000 disciples and has taught many knowledgeable and talented students. Confucius was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and was appointed as the head of the State of Lu. After traveling around the world with a flute; Finally, I returned to Shandong and concentrated on teaching. When he was alive, he was known as "the sage of the heavens", "the muduo of the heavens" and "the sage of the ages". He was one of the most learned scholars in the society at that time, and was respected by later generations as the most holy (saint among saints) and the teacher of all ages. Because my parents prayed for the birth of a child for me in Niqiu Mountain, I was named Qiu and Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province). He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, prefaced Zhouyi and wrote Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations.

Emperor Kangxi, Manchu, full name Aisingiorro Michelle Ye, temple name Qing Shengzu, "Kangxi" as his title, the Qing Dynasty used to call the emperor by his title. Kangxi, the third son of the emperor shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was born in the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1May 4, 654) and died on 17221October13. He is the longest reigning emperor in China history, reigning for 6 1 year. Kangxi consolidated the rule when the Qing Dynasty was established, inherited the traditional feudal rule of China, greatly strengthened the centralization of monarchy, and greatly reduced the status of literati since the Song and Ming Dynasties by means of literary inquisition.

Kangxi ascended the throne at the age of 8, 16, and Ao Bai, the powerful minister, was eliminated and began to lead the country.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Wu Sangui and other San Francisco forces were eliminated (1673), Taiwan Province Province was recovered from Zheng Ke, the grandson of Zheng Chenggong (1684), the rebellion of Junggar Khan and galdan was put down (1688-1697), and Russia's invasion of northeast China at that time was resisted. He built a summer resort in Chengde as a base for communication with nomadic people in the north. Since then, he has established an alliance system in the summer resort and a pilgrimage system to foreign countries, which has strengthened the stability of a multi-ethnic country. From the social and economic point of view, Kangxi adopted a series of policies that were beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood: actively encouraging reclamation, abolishing the cruel enclosure order in the early Qing Dynasty and changing its name to farmland; Regulation of water conservancy projects in the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Canal. In particular, in the fifty-first year of Kangxi (17 12), it was decided to "never increase taxes" and cancel the poll tax for the newly added population, which eventually evolved into a system of "spreading land into mu". And impose heavy taxes. Finally, it has promoted the development of agricultural economy, which is manifested in the rapid expansion of cultivated land, the increase of grain output and the extensive cultivation of cash crops. All kinds of measures initially restored the social and economic damage caused by the massacre of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Qing Dynasty, laying the foundation for "prosperity"; Culturally, Emperor Kangxi attached great importance to the preferential treatment of Han intellectuals. He held many well-read courses, established the system of studying in South China, and visited the Confucius Temple in Qufu. Emperor Kangxi also organized the editing and publication of books, calendars and maps such as Kangxi Dictionary, Integration of Ancient and Modern Books, Examination of Calendar Images, Essentials of Mathematics, Emperor Kangxi Calendar in Yongnian and Panorama of Emperor Kangxi. At the same time, he also has a strong attainments in western learning. He has studied astronomy, mathematics (especially geometry), physics, chemistry and pharmacy all his life (cinchona, which can be used to treat malaria, was introduced to the palace (now books are mostly recorded as cinchona ointment, which was extracted only in the19th century) and medicine (he once vaccinated his children to prevent smallpox), but this hobby of western learning. In order to isolate Taiwan Province Province, Kangxi successively imposed a sea ban, but it was also the first time to close the country. He advocated Confucianism, especially Zhu's Neo-Confucianism, which pushed China's feudal absolutism to its peak. In his later years, because of the mistake of choosing an heir, he abolished the crown prince twice, which led to the princes vying for the reserve for more than 20 years, which led to the slack of official management and the numerous parties in the DPRK and China, which directly affected social stability.

Kangxi 6 1 year 1 1 month 13 died in Changchun Garden. He Qiao Tian Hongyun, a civil and military man, is diligent, respectful, honest, loyal, virtuous and great. Temple name, sage. He was buried in Jingling, Dongling, Zunhua, Hebei Province.

Li Bai (70 1-762), a famous Taibai, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and unconstrained, with rich imagination, natural and fluent language and harmonious and changeable melody. He is good at absorbing nutritious private materials from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. Also known as "Du Li" with Du Fu. There was also a poet in the Tang Dynasty named Li He, nicknamed "Shi Gui", who was comparable to Li Bai. Both belong to the romantic style, with fantastic imagination and exaggerated words. But in comparison, Li Bai's poems are more eloquent and natural. Li He quoted many stories of laws and regulations, deliberately carved and tried his best. It's really "painstaking". Li Bai's ancestral home is in Ji Cheng (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). At the end of Sui Dynasty, he moved to Broken Leaf City in Central Asia (now Tokamak, Soviet Union), where Li Bai was born. At the age of five, his family moved to Zhangming County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province). At the age of 20, he left Sichuan alone and began to wander widely, reaching Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and wuyue in the east, and living in Anlu (now Anlu County, Hubei Province). He traveled around, hoping to make friends and pay homage to celebrities, so as to get an introduction, climb high in one fell swoop and realize his political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of wandering, I have accomplished nothing. Continue to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an, east to Qi and Lu, and live in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong). At this time, he has made many celebrities and created a lot of excellent poems, which are famous all over the world. In the early days of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Beijing to worship the Hanlin under the recommendation of Taoist Wu Renyun. Soon, due to the remorse of the dignitaries, he was driven out of Beijing in Tianbao 34 (AD 744 or 745). Since then, he has been wandering in Jiang and Huai, and his thoughts are extremely boring. In the winter of the 14th year of Yu Tianbao (AD 755), An Lushan rebelled. At this time, he lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain, which coincided with the great army of Wang Yong and invited Li Bai down the mountain to enter the shogunate. Later, Li Lin rebelled against Su Zong and was eliminated. Li Bai was implicated and sentenced to exile in Yelang (now Guizhou Province). He was pardoned and released halfway from Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to Xuancheng (now Xuancheng, Anhui). In the first year of Baoying (AD 762), Dai Zong died in dangtu county, Anhui. Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had the progressive ideal of "helping the poor" and "settling down in peace", and he struggled to realize this ideal all his life. A large number of his poems not only reflected the prosperity of that era, but also exposed and criticized the debauchery and corruption of the ruling group, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals. In art, his poems are novel in imagination, strong in emotion, magnificent in artistic conception and fresh and lively in language, forming a bold artistic style and reaching the peak of positive romantic poetry in ancient China. There are more than 900 poems, including Li Taibai's poems.

The New Tang Book Volume 202 Li Bai Biography

Li Bai, whose word is Taibai, is the grandson of Sheng Xing, the ninth emperor. First, at the end of Sui Dynasty, he migrated to the Western Regions to commit crimes, and at the beginning of Long Dynasty, he fled back to Brazil. Bai Zhisheng, the mother dream of Chang Gengxing, was born because of her. Ten-year-old children's uncle, both long and hidden in Minshan. The state has a way and should not. Su Xiang, the governor of Yizhou, saw the difference and said, "I am a genius, and I have not benefited much from learning, which is comparable." However, I like vertical and horizontal skills and fencing, and I value money for Ren Xia. More guests, and Kong, Han Zhun, Pei Zheng, Tao Mian lived in Culai Mountain, drinking and basking in the sun, and the number was "Zhuxi".

Yue Fei11March 24, 2003-1142 65438+1October 27)

China was a patriotic strategist in the Southern Song Dynasty and a hero of the Han nationality. The word Ju Peng. Hebei (Song refers to the north of the Yellow River, not the border of Henan and Hebei provinces, the same below) is a dutiful son of Yonghe Township in Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now tangyin county, Anyang City, Henan Province). In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), he joined the army to resist gold, and was promoted to Bing Xulang for his bravery. In the third year of Jian Yan (1 129), General Jin crossed the river south. At that time, Yue Fei, under the control of the right army of Jianghuai Propaganda Department, led his troops to Guangde (now Anhui) and Yixing (now Jiangsu), harassed Jin Jun, won repeatedly, recovered Jiankang and was promoted to Tongtai Town. In the third year of Shaoxing (1 133), the regime supported by Jin sent troops to capture Xiangyang (now Hubei) and other counties. In April of the following year, Yue Fei went north from Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi), defeated Liu Yujun and recovered six counties. He was awarded our time by Qingyuan Army for his work. In the summer of five years, he was ordered by Song Ting to suppress the peasant rebels in Yang Mao in Dongting Lake area. In six years, Ren Hu served as Fu Xuan's deputy envoy to Jingxi Road. By surprise, the soldiers were lured to attack Cai Zhou (now Runan, Henan Province) with some troops, and Yiyang (now Songxian, Henan Province) from Xiangyang to recover large areas of lost land in western Henan and southern Shaanxi. In seven years, Yue Fei took the opportunity of the rulers to abolish Liu Yuzhi and put forward the idea of sending troops to recover the Central Plains. Later, he wrote many times against making peace with Jin, which was rejected by the emperor and prime minister. In ten years, Wan Yanzong broke the contract and went south. According to the general plan of connecting Heshuo and marching into the Central Plains, Yue Fei sent his generals to contact the northern insurgents, harassed the rear of the 8 Jin Army, and led the main force northward, and defeated the 8 Jin Army in the battle of Yancheng and Yingchang. Just as Yue Fei was preparing to cross the river, he made peace with Jin and ordered Li to be returned, which made Yue Fei's plan to restore the Central Plains fail. The next year, he returned to Lin 'an, was relieved of military power, and was awarded a parliamentary agreement. 1On February 29th, he was killed by Emperor Gaozong and Qin Gui for "unwarranted" crimes. His son Yue Yunhe and Zhang Xian were also killed. Song Xiaozong rehabilitated Yue Fei after he ascended the throne. Xichun died in ebony in the fifth year (1 178). In the fourth year of Jiatai in Song Ningzong (1204), the king of Hubei was chased. In the first year of Baoqing in Song Lizong (1225), he became loyal to the army.

Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang (18 1-234) was born in Wolong. An outstanding politician, strategist, strategist, essayist and diplomat in the Three Kingdoms period, he is about 1.84 meters tall today. Zhuge Liang was born into an official family in Yang Du County (now yinan county, Shandong Province) of Langxie County in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (18 1). Guanghe four years 18 1 1 Zhuge Liang was born in Langxie Yang Du (now yinan county).

In the sixth year, at the age of 189, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died.

Chuping 3 years 192 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father died.

194 14 in the first year of Xingping, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

At the age of 65,438+095,65,438+05, in the second year of Chuping, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the prefect, and he and his sister-in-law went with his uncle (now Nanchang).

Zhuge Xuan died in the second year of Jian 'an at the age of 197 17. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother and sister moved to Nanyang.

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199 19 years old, Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Jian 'an12 Liu Bei, 27, visited the thatched cottage. Zhuge Liang told Liu Beichen that there are three points in the world, which is the famous "thatched cottage pair". Go out to help Liu Bei at once.

Jian 'an13 Zhuge Liang, 28, persuaded Sun Quan to form an alliance with Liu Bei to win in Battle of Red Cliffs.

Jian 'an 14 209 29-year-old Zhuge Liang served as a military commander.

Jian 'an1621131years old Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were guarding Jingzhou.

Jian 'an19214 Zhuge Liang, 34, left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou and joined forces with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to meet Liu Bei. Liu Bei entered Chengdu and took charge of Bashu. Zhuge Liang served as general Zuo, a strategist of the Shu army, and concurrently served as a government official.

In the 20th year of Jian 'an, 2 15, 35-year-old Zhuge Liang rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu at the age of 2 18 to raise rations for Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu, Liu Bei ascended the throne at the age of 22 1 4 1 and established Shu. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister.

In the first year of Shu Jianxing, in 223, 43-year-old Liu Bei, Baidicheng, entrusted Zhuge Liang.

Liu Chan named Zhuge Liang as the marquis of Wuxiang and led Yizhou as a shepherd.

At the age of 224, the state of Shu was founded for two years. Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu and stabilized the people's hearts that were confused by Liu Bei's defeat.

At the age of 225 and 45, Zhuge Liang led the army south and stabilized the four southern counties.

Shu Jianxing was 4 years old, and Zhuge Liang was 226 and 46 years old.

Zhuge Liang, 227 and 47 years old, submitted a "model" of the Northern Expedition to Liu Chan in the fifth year of Jianxing in Sichuan.

228-year-old, 48-year-old, the northern expedition street pavilion fell in 6 years. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears, and reduced himself to General Right, becoming Prime Minister.

At the age of 229 and 49, Zhuge Liang took Wudu and Yin Ping in the Northern Expedition again, and resumed his post as prime minister.

At the age of 230 and 50, the state of Shu was founded for eight years, and Zhuge Liang went north again.

Nine years on lite, Shu 23 1 5 1 year old. Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the Northern Expedition, defeated Sima Zhong Da and defeated General Zhang He of Wei.

Shu Jianxing 1 1 Zhuge Liang, who is 233 and 53 years old, is exhausted. Collect food.

Shu Jianxing 12 Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan during the Northern Expedition at the age of 234.54.

Liu Bei: Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty (16 1-223) Official position: Shu Emperor, uncle left, general height: about 1.725 meters today.

The word Xuande was born in Zhuo Jun County (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province), a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, and the founding king of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period. In the last years of Emperor Lingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, together with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, he made some achievements in the Yellow Scarf thief, so he became the county commandant of Anxi Village. The secret punishment of Cao Cao failed, and he escaped. Three visits to the thatched cottage began with Zhuge Liang's assistance. Later, he defeated Cao Cao in Chibi with Sun Quan, won Yizhou and Hanzhong, and became the king of Hanzhong. In 22 1 year, he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han and Zhangwu. After Wu Dong was defeated and suffered heavy losses, he returned to Baidicheng and died at the age of 62. Emperor Zhaolie of posthumous title was known as Liu in history.

Liu Xiu: Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty

Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (6 BC ~ 57 AD)

Cao Cao (155.2.24-220.1.15), a native of Geely, was born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). An outstanding politician, strategist and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Huang taiji (1592- 1643), whose works include Huang taiji, Hong Taishi, Hong Taizhu and Hong Haode. , are homophonic, some are called Abahai, Manchu, Ai Xinjue Roche, Zhengbaiqi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, known as Qing Taizong in history, outstanding politicians, militarists and so on.

Emperor Kangxi, Manchu, full name Aisingiorro Michelle Ye, temple name Qing Shengzu, "Kangxi" as his title, the Qing Dynasty used to call the emperor by his title. Kangxi, the third son of the emperor shunzhi, the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was born in the eleventh year of Shunzhi (1May 4, 654) and died on 17221October13. He is the longest reigning emperor in China history, reigning for 6 1 year. Kangxi consolidated the rule when the Qing Dynasty was established, inherited the traditional feudal rule of China, greatly strengthened the centralization of the monarch, and greatly reduced the status of literati since the Song and Ming Dynasties by means of literary inquisition.

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (17 1 1 September 25th, 2009-1February 7th, 799), surnamed Aisin Choro, was the fourth son of Yong Zhengdi. A rabbit, born on August 13th, 50th year of Kangxi, died at the age of 89 on the third day of the first month of the 4th year of Jiaqing, and was buried in Yuling, Hebei Province (now northwest of Zunhua County, Hebei Province).

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a Han nationality. Formerly known as Chongba, it was later named Xingzong. Haozhou (now east of Fengyang County, Anhui Province) is a native of Taiping Township. When he was young, he was very poor and once became a monk in Huang Jue Temple. At the age of 25, he joined the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing. After Guo's death, he commanded Guo Department and served as deputy marshal left. Subsequently, he continued to be promoted by virtue of his military exploits. In the seventh year (136 1), Longfeng was named the Duke of Wu, and in the tenth year he called himself the King of Wu. In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (1368), after basically defeating the peasant rebels and the remnants of Yuan Dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, with the titles Daming and Hongwu, and established a unified feudal regime throughout the country. During his reign, in order to alleviate the sharp and complicated class contradictions, ethnic contradictions and contradictions among various groups within the ruling class, he implemented a series of policies conducive to social progress, such as resisting foreign aggression, innovating politics, developing production and stabilizing people's livelihood, and vigorously strengthened the centralized rule of monarchy in politics, economy, military and ideology. In line with this, in terms of legal thought, I think that "I will kill China" in view of all kinds of disadvantages caused by lax law and discipline at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

Temujin: Genghis Khan, an outstanding strategist and politician of Mongolian nationality, whose brutal invasion and conquest brought great war disaster to mankind. Borcaijin, his name is Temujin. 1206, carrying the Great Khan of the Mongolian Empire (later honored as the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty) to unify the Mongolian tribes. During his reign, he launched wars of aggression many times, conquering the Black Sea coast in the west and almost the whole of East Asia in the east. It is one of the famous great empires across Europe and Asia in world history.