According to the nature of society, political parties in the world are divided into

At present, there are about 100 countries in the world, and there are 127 * * production parties that still maintain their original names or adhere to the Marxist nature (what was the total number of * * * production parties in the world before the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe? More than 80, at the beginning of the upheaval, it fell to 120. In addition, there are more than 20 parties renamed or split from the original * * * production party), with a total population of over 7 million in party member (excluding * * *), 30 * * production parties with a population of over 1 10,000 in party member, and about 25 * * production parties in power and politics. * * * In terms of regional distribution, there are 29 producers in Asia, 8 in Africa, 55 in Europe, 3 in Oceania and 32 in America. Judging from the present situation of foreign * * * production party forces, developed countries, developing countries, former Su Le countries and existing socialist countries have different performances in Vietnam, North Korea and ancient times.

(1) Most of the * * * production parties in developed countries still maintain their original names, but their strength has declined, and some small party organizations are still striving for their own survival.

In developed countries, the * * * production party was the most severely impacted by the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and its strength was greatly lost. There are still 2 1 * * production parties in western Europe, with nearly one million in party member. French * * Production Party (about 1.4 million in party member), Portuguese * * Production Party (90,000 in party member), Italian Reconstruction * * Production Party (96,000 in party member) and Italian * * *. There is also the German Democratic Socialist Party (about 70,000 people in party member), which is the successor of the former United Socialist Party of the Democratic Republic of Germany. Although it is not the title of * * * production party, it has a certain influence in East Germany by adhering to Marxist and socialist beliefs. There are still many * * * production party organizations in Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway and other countries in the Nordic region. The number of these political parties in party member ranges from several thousand to several hundred. The United States * * * production party (about 8,000 people in party member) is mainly composed of leftists and anti-government figures, but it is a legal political party in the United States. Japan's * * Production Party (about 400,000 people in party member) is the most closely organized political party among all political parties in Japan at present, and has basically formed an organizational network covering the whole country of Japan, with more than 25,000 party branches. The party has a certain influence in Japanese political life, and its role in some counties and cities is also obvious.

* * * Productivism is still the goal that the production parties in most developed countries continue to adhere to, but the way to achieve this goal is to transform capitalism through the road of democracy,' transcend capitalism' and advocate the values of democracy, freedom and human rights. Around the party's principles and policies, there are struggles between traditional forces and realistic forces within many production parties in western Europe, which have led to some divisions, and some are in danger of division. Under the new situation of the rapid development of modern science and technology and the changing social class structure, especially in the case of neo-liberalism and the prevalence of the "third way", the * * * production party in western European countries rarely puts forward attractive policy proposals, and its influence is greatly weakened. Former French President Robert Hue and others believe that in Europe, "no matter what kind of * * * production party, no matter what its name is.

In any case, no matter whether they participate in politics or not, they all fall into a serious survival crisis without exception. How to survive is always a severe challenge for small parties like Northern Europe and Britain.

(2) The forces of the former Soviet Union's eastern * * * production party continue to exist, and there are many factions within some parties, making the situation more complicated.

There are about 30 * * production parties in Eastern Europe of the former Soviet Union, only Russian * * * production parties (about 500,000 people in party member), Czech and Moravian * * * production parties (about 65.438+040,000 people in party member) and Ukrainian * * * production parties (about 654.38+065.438+00,000 people in party member). The influential * * * productive political parties and organizations in this area are mainly composed of those factions in the former ruling * * * productive political parties that do not agree to change the name and nature of the party but still adhere to Marxism and * * * productism, but most of them are not the original * * * productive political parties. Except for a few independents, the vast majority of political parties are legal parties, and some political parties have entered the parliament. Among the producers who have not changed their names, most of them are small in number and have little influence. The * * * production parties in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have generally passed the stage of struggle for survival. The number of people in some party member has increased slightly, but the major political parties are facing a profound crisis. For example, in recent years, under the attack of the Russian center-right forces, the social support rate has dropped again and again, the internal division has further shrunk, and party member is aging, and its influence is obviously not as good as before. In the State Duma election, only 12.9% of the votes were obtained, and it was no longer the largest party in the Duma, which was obviously marginalized.

(3) Developing countries * * * production parties continue to explore in difficulties. Some political parties have achieved new development through adjustment, and some political parties are still not out of trouble.

There are a large number of production parties in developing countries in Asia, and the strength of the party is strong and weak. The powerful Producer Party of India (Marxism) is the largest left-wing party in India, with 796,000 people in party member and 40.59 million members of subordinate mass organizations. There are more than 500,000 people in party member, an Indian production party, and more than 6.8 million people in mass organizations. The Nepali Production Party (United Marxist-Leninist) has about 1 10000 party member. There are also some influential Syrian * * * production parties (Faisal) and Lebanese * * * production parties in China, but there are only a few thousand people in party member. Due to subjective and objective reasons, the strength of the * * * production party in some Southeast Asian countries has been declining and has gradually disappeared in recent years. In some Latin American countries, the * * * production party has always been an important force on the left. The influential political parties in our country mainly include Brazil's Producer Party (about 200,000 people in party member) and Chile's Producer Party (about 47,000 people in party member). Brazil * * * supported the current Lula government, mobilized the whole party to actively participate in the national reform, and obtained the status of participating in politics. The influence of the party has been expanding. Venezuela, Uruguay and other countries have thousands of * * * production parties, which have little influence at home.

It is worth mentioning that the South African Production Party (about 23,000 people in party member) has made two leaps from an illegal party to a legal party and from an opposition party to an important participating party. In recent years, it has actively maintained the tripartite alliance, adjusted its struggle strategy, made its policies more pragmatic, and its ranks and influence have been constantly expanding, which has played an important role in South Africa's non-racial, peaceful and democratic transformation and solving the poverty problem of the working class.

Most of the * * * production parties in developing countries are re-recognizing some basic issues of socialism, and advocate proceeding from their own reality, taking their own development path, adopting legal ways of struggle, gradually accumulating strength, and realizing their struggle goals by stages. Practice has proved that it is a wise choice for developing countries to proceed from reality, adjust the party's line, principles and policies in time and take their own path. If conservative, rigid and unchangeable, it may cause division within the party, lead to internal and external difficulties and shrink its strength.

(4) The ruling parties in Vietnam, North Korea, Laos and Cuba have continuously adjusted their policies, strengthened their ruling position and role, and maintained political and social stability, but they still face severe challenges from external hostile forces.

The Viet Nam * * Production Party (2.472 million in party member), the Workers' Party of Korea (about 4 million in party member), the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (6.5438+0.24 million in party member) and the Cuban * * * Production Party (860,000 in party member) are the ruling parties of several existing socialist countries abroad. The four parties of Vietnam, North Korea, Laos and Cuba, after experiencing the great impact of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, maintained the party's leading position and socialist system unchanged, maintained the domestic political situation and social stability, and made policy adjustments to varying degrees in the economy. Relatively speaking, Vietnam and Laos have made great efforts in economic adjustment and taken some measures in political reform. However, the four countries are still facing severe challenges from the western countries, and the contradiction between economic development and national security is prominent. Therefore, maintaining domestic political stability has to become the focus of the party's work, especially in North Korea and Cuba. Maintaining the status of the ruling party and political stability has become the primary task, which has greatly delayed the process of national policy adjustment and economic development. With the increasing pressure for political reform at home and abroad, the four countries will face more difficulties in maintaining economic development and social stability.

(5) With the rapid development of economic globalization and capital internationalization, many foreign production parties emphasize different forms of left-wing alliances and frequently participate in regional and international activities.

With the acceleration of economic globalization and regional integration, the capital internationalization guided by neoliberalism has developed rapidly. In order to oppose the globalization of capitalism and adapt to the trend that political parties, especially mainstream European political parties, establish regional or international alliances, the production parties in some countries attach importance to foreign contacts and exchanges, and learn from each other, support each other, exchange information and discuss how to unite and strengthen themselves under the new situation by attending party congresses, party newspaper festivals, holding multilateral conferences and holding international conferences.

In recent years, the European Production Party has held many regional meetings and established a unified European left-wing party organization on the basis of the left-wing forum. On May 8-9, 2004, 300 representatives of the * * * production party and other left-wing political parties from 14 European countries attended the inaugural meeting of the "European Left Party" held in Rome, intending to rebuild 16 political parties, including * * *, France * *, German People's Socialist Party, and West * *. The meeting adopted the European Left Party Declaration and party constitution, elected the party's leading body, and elected General Secretary Bertinotti as the new party chairman. The party's headquarters is in Brussels. The meeting emphasized that the European Left Party is open and a political organization established on the basis of respecting the characteristics of member political parties and the reality of various countries. Its purpose is to promote the unity and revival of the left, defend democratic rights and safeguard world peace.

Latin American countries * * production parties regularly hold regional international conferences, and have been holding the annual "Sao Paulo Forum" for more than ten years. Among them, the 10th Congress held in Havana, Cuba in February 2007 was the largest, with 3,000 delegates and observers from 86 countries and 138 political parties and organizations attending. Sao Paulo Forum has become an important gathering of left-wing parties and progressive organizations in Latin America and left-wing parties in some other countries in the world. These multilateral exchanges have promoted information exchange and coordination among left-wing forces in Latin America and related regions.

Production parties and other left-wing parties in South Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean also hold regional international seminars from time to time to discuss the prospects of socialism.

The exchange of experience, solidarity and cooperation between producers in various countries on the basis of maintaining their autonomy reflect their objective needs and subjective wishes to oppose capitalism through mutual coordination and cooperation and capital internationalization through international struggle, and this trend of unity and unity will further develop.

(6) It will take a long time for foreign production parties to get out of the predicament as a whole, but this force of criticizing and replacing capitalism will not quit the historical stage.

Under the present situation of neo-liberalism and social democracy, the strength of foreign * * * production parties is still relatively weak. Although it has stabilized its position from the turmoil, chaos and recession at the beginning of the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, its development space is still limited. The survival and development of the * * * production party in most countries is still very difficult. In a few countries, the strength of the production party can be maintained at the past level and gradually developed through exploration. Generally speaking, as a traditional political party with obvious ideological characteristics and a long history, the foreign producers' party is increasingly marginalized, the internal and external environment in reality is not optimistic, and world socialism is still at a low ebb. It will take a long historical period for foreign producer parties to get out of the predicament and achieve greater development as a whole, but this force of criticizing and replacing capitalism will not withdraw from the historical stage.

Foreign producers generally believe that the contemporary world is diverse and complex, full of vitality, confrontation and contradictions, and at the same time interdependent and interrelated. The contradiction between socialism and capitalism, capital and labor is still the basic contradiction of the contemporary era. Some * * * production parties in developed countries discuss the historical position of capitalism and socialism in a critical spirit, thinking that socialism, as an important social movement in developed countries, will always exist with the criticism of capitalism, and the socialist ideal will still be the goal of many aspirants in western countries. Various socialist forces will continue to take the reform and criticism of the capitalist system as their mission, expose the various drawbacks of the capitalist system in depth, and oppose all systems of exploitation and oppression in capitalist society. At present and for a long time to come, the serious disadvantages brought by neo-liberal globalization have aggravated the basic social contradictions, especially destroyed the once relatively stable labor relations and intensified class contradictions. Many new contradictions and problems unprecedented during the Cold War have emerged in developed countries. These new contradictions and problems have not only brought new challenges to the ruling class, but also brought some new opportunities to the socialist movement, generating new impetus to oppose and criticize capitalism. At present, the socialist forces in various countries, including the * * * production party, not only mostly see this new situation, but also try to make full use of this new opportunity to realize the historical task of rejuvenating their own socialism. From a series of anti-globalization movements initiated by western left-wing forces in recent years, it is not difficult to see this development trend.

Judging from the development of the * * * production party's own strength, there are also some favorable factors. First of all, producers in both developed and developing countries are aware of the importance of strengthening unity and learning from each other in the face of the wave of economic globalization, multi-polarization of the world and democratization of international relations, the aggressive situation of capitalism in the era of globalization and their current difficult situation. Some * * * production parties advocate strengthening regional and international alliances between them, formulating' feasible' and' effective' alliance policies, and exploring ways and means to implement alliances. There are also some * * * production parties calling for strengthening bilateral, especially multilateral cooperation between the * * * production party and the Socialist Party, and forming a left-wing United front including the Socialist Party and the Green Party. After years of division, some production party organizations began to merge and unite to strengthen their own strength. Secondly, with the continuous development of modern communication technology and media, the propaganda methods and activities of foreign production parties are also constantly improving, which is conducive to speeding up the modernization process of the party and expanding its influence. Thirdly, the vigorous anti-globalization movement and anti-war movement have also become another political force that criticizes capitalism besides the * * * production party. These social movements and political forces have broadened the political practice field of the * * * production party in all countries of the world, provided opportunities for self-breakthrough, and expanded the space for survival and development.