Common sense of drilling safety

1. As the safety officer of the drilling crew, you need to learn the safety knowledge in that respect.

Responsibilities of the safety officer 1. Under the leadership of the project manager, be fully responsible for supervising and implementing the safety measures in the construction organization design and making safety technical disclosure to the operation team.

second, check whether the safety protection of the construction site, the safety of underground pipelines, scaffolding, mechanical facilities, electrical wiring, storage waterproofing, etc. meet the safety regulations and standards. If unsafe hidden dangers are found in the construction site, improvement measures should be put forward in time, and the improved facilities should be inspected and accepted.

for those that are not improved, put forward disposal opinions and report them to the project leader for handling. Three, correctly fill in the construction site safety measures to check the situation of production safety report, put forward the opinions of the situation analysis report of production safety on a regular basis.

iv. handling general safety accidents. Five, in accordance with the provisions of the registration, statistics and analysis of industrial accidents.

VI. Sign safety discipline agreements with various construction teams and individuals. Seven, at any time to the construction site safety supervision, inspection, guidance, and make safety inspection records.

conduct safety education and punishment for teams and individuals who do not meet the safety standards, and promptly order rectification. Eight, in the safety inspection work is not in-depth, not meticulous and existing problems do not put forward opinions and do not report to the superior, resulting in accidents, should bear full responsibility and consequences.

2. Drilling knowledge

The drilling platform is an offshore structure mainly used for drilling wells.

The rig is equipped with drilling, power, communication, navigation and other equipment, as well as life-saving and personal living facilities, which are indispensable means for offshore oil and gas exploration and development. It is mainly divided into two categories: mobile platform and fixed platform.

according to the structure, it can be divided into: (1) mobile platforms: bottom-sitting platforms, jack-up platforms, drilling ships, semi-submersible platforms, tension leg platforms and cable-stayed tower platforms; (2) fixed platforms: jacket platforms, concrete gravity platforms and deep-water compliant tower platforms. Most of the fixed drilling platforms are built in shallow water, and they are devices fixed on the seabed by means of jackets and do not move above the sea surface. Decks are laid on the platforms for use. The legs supporting the fixed platform are directly driven into the seabed, so the stability of the drilling platform is good, but the drilling cost is high because the platform cannot move.

in order to solve the problem of platform mobility and deep-sea drilling, there are many kinds of mobile drilling platforms, including bottom-sitting drilling platforms, jack-up drilling platforms, drilling floating boats and semi-submersible drilling platforms.

3. What are the safety precautions when drilling?

Drilling operation is an important link in drilling production, and the completion of oil and gas wells is mainly achieved through drilling. The drilling speed and quality are closely related to the quality and operation level of the driller.

in the process of drilling, we often encounter complicated downhole conditions, and a little carelessness may lead to downhole accidents, resulting in huge losses, which in turn threatens the safety of people on the ground. Therefore, the driller is required to operate in strict accordance with drilling parameters, concentrate on operating the brake handle, deliver the drill evenly, pay attention to the changes of the weight indicator and the pump pressure gauge at any time, judge the downhole situation timely and accurately, and prevent the occurrence of drilling slip and sudden drilling accidents.

The obvious difference between drilling and tripping is that during drilling, the mud pump works and mud circulates in the pipeline, and the mud pressure is generally between 15 MPa and 2 MPa. Therefore, before starting the pump, it is necessary to check the direction of the relief pipe of the safety valve near the high pressure manifold and whether there are people or other obstacles near the transmission part. Only after the people leave or the obstacles are removed can the pump be started.

[Accident case] A drilling crew was blocked at the outlet of the mud pump, which caused the pump pressure to rise, the safety pin was cut off, the pressure relief pipeline cracked, and the pressure relief pipeline turned, hitting the assistant driller who repaired another pump, but died after being rescued. During normal maintenance and repair of equipment, the power must be cut off, and non-maintenance personnel are not allowed to pull the handle without authorization, so as to avoid personal accidents and mechanical accidents caused by misoperation.

the mud tank must be paved with mesh steel plates to prevent slipping, and protective railings must be installed around and in the walkways.

4. What are the safety precautions when drilling?

Drilling operation is an important link in drilling production, and the completion of oil and gas wells is mainly achieved through drilling. The drilling speed and quality are closely related to the quality and operation level of the driller.

in the process of drilling, we often encounter complicated downhole conditions, and a little carelessness may lead to downhole accidents, resulting in huge losses, which in turn threatens the safety of people on the ground. Therefore, the driller is required to operate in strict accordance with drilling parameters, concentrate on operating the brake handle, deliver the drill evenly, pay attention to the changes of the weight indicator and the pump pressure gauge at any time, judge the downhole situation timely and accurately, and prevent the occurrence of drilling slip and sudden drilling accidents.

The obvious difference between drilling and tripping is that during drilling, the mud pump works and mud circulates in the pipeline, and the mud pressure is generally between 15 MPa and 2 MPa. Therefore, before starting the pump, it is necessary to check the direction of the relief pipe of the safety valve near the high pressure manifold and whether there are people or other obstacles near the transmission part. Only after the people leave or the obstacles are removed can the pump be started.

[Accident case] A drilling crew was blocked at the outlet of the mud pump, which caused the pump pressure to rise, the safety pin was cut off, the pressure relief pipeline cracked, and the pressure relief pipeline turned, hitting the assistant driller who repaired another pump, but died after being rescued. During normal maintenance and repair of equipment, the power must be cut off, and non-maintenance personnel are not allowed to pull the handle without authorization, so as to avoid personal accidents and mechanical accidents caused by misoperation.

5. Common sense of petroleum drilling

Bits are mainly divided into: drag bit; Roller bit; Diamond bit; Carbide bit; Special drills, etc.

the main indicators to measure a drill bit are: bit footage and ROP. Eight parts of drilling rig Eight parts of drilling rig refer to: derrick, crown block, traveling block, hook, faucet, winch, turntable and mud pump.

composition and function of drill string: drill bit, drill collar, drill pipe, stabilizer, special joint and kelly. The basic functions of the drill string are: (1) tripping the drill bit; (2) apply WOB; (3) transmitting power; (4) conveying drilling fluid; (5) Special operations: squeezing cement, handling underground accidents, etc.

performance and function of drilling fluid: (1) density; (2) viscosity; (3) yield value; (4) Static shear force; (5) Water loss; (6) thickness of mud cake; (7) Sand content; (8) pH; (9) Solid phase and oil-water content. Drilling fluid is the blood of drilling, and its main functions are: 1) carrying and suspending cuttings; 2) cooling and lubricating the drill bit and drilling tool; 3) Cleaning and flushing the bottom hole is beneficial to drilling; 4) Use the pressure of drilling fluid column to prevent blowout; 5) protect the shaft wall to prevent the shaft wall from collapsing; 6) Transfer power for downhole power drilling tools.

Common drilling fluid purification equipment Common drilling fluid purification equipment: (1) vibrating screen, which is used to remove sand particles larger than the mesh size; (2) Cyclone separator, which is used to remove particles smaller than the screen size of vibrating screen; (3) Screw centrifugal separator, which is used to recover barite and separate clay particles; (4) The screen cylinder centrifugal separator is used to recover barite. Circulation procedure of drilling fluid during drilling The drilling fluid tank passes through the pump → surface manifold → riser → hose, faucet → inside the drill string → drill bit → annular space outside the drill string → wellhead, mud (drilling fluid) tank → drilling fluid purification equipment → drilling fluid tank.

in the process of drilling oil and gas reservoirs, the damage of drilling fluid to oil and gas reservoirs mainly includes the following damages: (1) solid particles and mud cakes block oil and gas channels; (2) The filtrate swells the clay in the formation and blocks the pore of the formation; (3) The ions in the drilling fluid filtrate react with formation ions to generate precipitation and block the channel; (4) The water lock effect is generated, which increases the flow resistance of oil and gas. Methods of predicting and monitoring formation pressure (1) Before drilling, seismic method is adopted; (2) In drilling, mechanical penetration rate method, D and dc index method and shale density method are adopted; (3) After completion, density logging, acoustic time difference logging, oil testing and other methods are adopted.

hydrostatic pressure of drilling fluid and hydrostatic pressure changing during drilling are pressures caused by the weight of drilling fluid itself. Changes in drilling, the entry of cuttings will increase the liquid column pressure, oil, gas and water invasion will reduce the hydrostatic pressure, and the decline of drilling fluid level in the well will reduce the hydrostatic pressure.

The methods to prevent the change of hydrostatic pressure of drilling fluid include: effectively purifying drilling fluid; Fill drilling fluid in time when tripping out. Jet drilling Jet drilling is a drilling method to improve ROP by using the hydraulic effect of high-speed jet generated when drilling fluid passes through the nozzle of jet bit.

Factors affecting ROP (1) WOB, rotating speed and drilling fluid displacement; (2) Properties of drilling fluid; (3) The hydraulic power of the drill bit; (4) Rock drillability and bit type. Drilling coring tools are composed of (1) coring bit: used to drill cores; (2) Outer core barrel: bear WOB and transmit torque; (3) Inner core barrel: storing and protecting cores; (4) Core claw: cutting, supporting and taking out the core; (5) There are suspension bearing, water distributor, back pressure valve, centralizer, etc.

coring refers to taking underground rocks to the ground in blocks by using special coring tools during drilling. This kind of block rock is called core, through which we can determine various properties of rocks, intuitively study underground structures and rock sedimentary environment, and understand the fluid properties. Balanced pressure drilling is a drilling method that always protects the borehole pressure equal to the formation pressure during drilling.

blowout is the phenomenon that fluid in the formation spurts out of the ground or flows into other formations in the well. The causes of blowout are: (1) the formation pressure is not accurate; (2) The mud density is low; (3) The height of mud column in the well is reduced; (4) Pull out and suck; (5) Improper other measures, etc.

Soft well shut-in is a well shut-in method in which the throttle valve is opened first, then the BOP is closed, and then the throttle valve is closed again. Because this can ensure that the casing pressure of the shut-in wellhead does not exceed the allowable casing pressure, and ensure the safety of well control. Once the pressure in the well is too high, the blowout can be throttled.

during drilling, the overflow shows (1) the liquid level of the drilling fluid storage tank rises; (2) The outlet velocity of drilling fluid is accelerated; (3) drilling speed is accelerated or emptied; (4) The circulating pressure of drilling fluid decreases; (5) Downhole oil, gas and water display; (6) The performance of drilling fluid at the outlet changes. Overflow shut-in procedure (1) Stop the pump; (2) lifting Kelly; (3) properly open the throttle valve; (4) Close the BOP; (5) Try to close the throttle valve; (6) signal and report to the team leader and technician quickly; (7) Accurately record the column and casing pressure and mud increment.

In the complicated situation of downhole drilling, due to improper selection of drilling fluid type and performance, poor wellbore quality and other reasons, downhole blockage, sticking, serious jumping, lost circulation and blowout during drilling can not maintain normal drilling and other operations. Drilling accident refers to the bad consequences such as broken drilling tools, stuck drilling, blowout and fire caused by poor inspection, illegal operation and improper or negligent measures to deal with complicated underground conditions.

lost circulation is mainly found by the following phenomena: (1) drilling fluid pumped into the well >; The amount of return, when serious, there is no entry; (2) The liquid level in the drilling fluid tank drops, and the drilling fluid volume decreases; (3) The pump pressure drops obviously. The more serious the leakage, the more obvious the pump pressure drop.

sticking and its causes sticking refers to the fact that drilling tools cannot move freely in the well for a long time due to geological factors, poor drilling fluid performance and improper technical measures during drilling. This phenomenon is called sticking. There are mainly sticking, sinking sand sticking, sand bridge sticking, well collapse sticking, reducing sticking, mud bag sticking, falling sticking and drilling tool falling off.

methods to deal with sticking accidents (1) sticking due to oil soaking; (2) Use a jar to shake and release the card; (3) reverse milling; (4) explosion loosening; (5) Exploding drilling tools to sidetrack new holes, etc. Cementing means running into the well.

6. Common knowledge of petroleum drilling

In the process of drilling practice, drillers need to determine the type and performance requirements of flushing fluid according to geological conditions and formation characteristics, that is, choose the appropriate drilling fluid, which is the key factor to successfully complete a drilling project.

after years of scientific research, development and production practice, drilling fluid has developed from only meeting the needs of bit drilling to a drilling fluid system that meets the needs of all aspects. For example, polymer drilling fluid with low viscosity, low friction and low solid phase for rapid drilling, anti-sticking drilling fluid, anti-sloughing drilling fluid for rock characteristics, saturated brine drilling fluid for drilling salt formations, low-density oil-in-water drilling fluid for protecting oil and gas reservoirs, oil-based drilling fluid for preventing blocking oil and gas channels and foam drilling fluid for developing low-pressure oil and gas fields.

a relatively complete drilling fluid system has been formed.

7. Safety operation procedures for drillers

1. Winter operation procedures should be strictly implemented in winter construction, so as to prevent illegal command, operation and construction.

2. The drilling tool and the mating joint must be inspected according to the specified time, and the drilling tool body and thread must be strictly inspected. Unqualified drilling tools are absolutely not allowed to go into the well.

3. All drilling tools must be supported, and the threads of drilling tools should be preheated in advance when connecting a single pipe and tripping in, so as to ensure that the water holes of drilling tools are smooth, the threads are clean, the thread compound meets the requirements, the coating is even, and the tightening torque reaches the standard. It is forbidden to burn the thread of special pipe when tripping in.

4. Small objects such as hand tools are strictly forbidden to be placed on the turntable. When using hand tools at the wellhead, a safety rope must be tied to prevent them from accidentally falling into the well. When tripping in and out, surround the wellhead to prevent tools and accessories such as pliers pins and pliers teeth from falling into the hole.

5. It is necessary to stick to the principle that tripping is stuck, and it is not allowed to lift and release hard when it is blocked, so as to prevent the drill from being killed and sticking accidents.

6. Anti-freezing and heat preservation facilities must be complete and easy to use.

7. Before starting the pump after tripping in, you must try to start the pump first, so as to prevent the pump from bouncing and engineering accidents, causing serious consequences.

8. Ensure that all kinds of measuring instruments and meters are flexible and easy to use.

9. In winter construction, it is required that the brake handle should not leave people, the drilling floor, the pump room and the machine room, and the personnel on duty should not leave the site.

1. The installation of drilling fluid circulation reserve system, slurry preparation system and solid control equipment should meet the requirements and meet the needs of different construction stages. The agitator and butterfly valve of each tank should be flexible and easy to use.

11, according to the provisions, dig a drain pit, drain pit size shall not be less than the design requirements.

12, strengthen the daily maintenance of winter equipment, clear responsibilities, to ensure the normal use of equipment.

13. Do a good job in heat preservation of drilling fluid circulation, storage and slurry preparation system.

14. Strictly implement the drilling fluid design scheme, strengthen the daily management of drilling fluid, and make diligent measurement, maintenance and treatment to ensure the stability of drilling fluid performance.

15. The ground circulation of drilling fluid is 2 to 3 cubic meters more than that in summer construction. All drilling teams should make good use of mud scrapers to ensure timely recovery of drilling fluid and reduce waste. 16. Strengthen the storage and management of drilling fluid materials. 17, complete all kinds of drilling fluid testing instruments, to ensure easy to use.

18. Run casing.